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PCOL MIDTERMS > UNIT 12: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS > Flashcards

UNIT 12: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS Flashcards

1
Q

Protein Synthesis Inhibitors

Should not be taken with milk/dairy, antacids, or ferrous sulfate

A

Tetracyclins

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2
Q

Primary uses of Tetracyclins

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (in adults)
Chlamydiae
Rickettsiae
Vibrios
Spirochetes

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3
Q

Drug of choice for Vibrios

A

Tetracyclins

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4
Q

Secondary uses of Tetracyclins

A

Alternative to:
- Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)
- Syphilis

Chronic bronchitis
Leptospirosis
Acne

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5
Q

The alternative to macrolides in treatment of syphilis

A

Doxycycline

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6
Q

Gastrointestinal ulcers caused by H. pylori

A

Tetracycline

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7
Q

Meningococcal carrier state

A

Minocycline

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8
Q

Lyme disease

A

Doxycycline

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9
Q

Malaria prophylaxis

A

Doxycycline

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10
Q

Amebiasis

A

Doxycycline

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11
Q

Tetracyclines (5)

A

Doxycycline
Minocycline
Tigecycline
Eravacycline
Omadacycline

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12
Q

The only tetracyclines excreted through the fecal route (2)

A

Doxycycline
Tigecycline

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13
Q

Short-acting (6-8 hours)

A

Tetracycline

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14
Q

Intermediate-acting (12 hrs)

A

Demeclocycline

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15
Q

Long-acting (16-18 hrs)

A

Doxycycline
Minocycline

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16
Q

Longer half-lives than long-acting tetracyclins (3)

A

Tetracycline (30-36 hrs)
Eravacycline
Omadacycline

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17
Q

Tetracycline resistance mechanisms (3)

A

Impaired influx/Increased efflux
Ribosome protection proteins
Enzymatic inactivation

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18
Q

Given to patients with excessive antidiuretic hormone (ADH)-secreting tumors

A

Demeclocycline

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19
Q

Cytochrome P450 inhibitors (2)

A

Erythromycin (Macrolides)
Quinupristin-dalfopristin (Streptogramins)

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20
Q

Gray baby syndrome

A

Chloramphenicol

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21
Q

Photosensitivity

A

Tetracyclines

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22
Q

Deposition in bone and teeth

A

Tetracyclines

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23
Q

Severe infusion-related myalgias and arthralgias (arthralgia-myalgia syndrome)

A

Quinupristin-dalfopristin

Streptogramins

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24
Q

Dose-related anemia
Idiosyncratic aplastic anemia

A

Chloramphenicol

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25
Q

Serotonin syndrome

A

Linezolid

Oxazolidinones

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26
Q

Duration-dependent bone marrow suppression

A

Linezolid

Oxazolidinones

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27
Q

Optic neuritis

A

Linezolid

Oxazolidinones

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28
Q

Cytochrome P450 3A4 substrate

A

Lefamulin

Pleuromutilins

29
Q

Binds to 23S ribosomal RNA of 50S subunit

A

Linezolid

Oxazolidinones

30
Q

Clinical use:
Pertussis
Corynebacterial and chlamydial infections

A

Erythromycin

31
Q

Hematologic toxicity (thrombocytopenia)

A

Linezolid

Oxazolidinones

32
Q

Activity against STI-causing organisms

A

Lefamulin

Pleuromutilins

33
Q

Lefamulin

A

Pleuromutilins

34
Q

Oxazolidinones (2)

A

Linezolid
Tedizolid

35
Q

Quinupristin-dalfopristin

A

Streptogramins

36
Q

Used with Penicillin G for toxic shock syndrome, necrotizing fasciitis

A

Clindamycin

37
Q

Chlorine-substituted derivative of lincomycin

A

Clindamycin

38
Q

Clinical use:
Skin and soft tissue infections

A

Clindamycin

39
Q

Used with aminoglycoside or cephalosporin for:
Septic abortion
Penetrating wounds
Pelvic abscesses
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Lung and periodontal abscesses

A

Clindamycin

40
Q

Clinical use:
Infections caused by staphylococci or vancomycin-resistant strains of enterococci (E. faecium)

A

Quinupristin-dalfopristin

Streptogramins

41
Q

Effective alternate for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in patients with AIDS

A

Clindamycin + Primaquine

42
Q

For AIDS-related toxoplasmosis of the brain

A

Clindamycin + Pyrimethamine

43
Q

Toxicity:
Colitis due to C. difficile

A

Clindamycin

44
Q

Ketolides (2)

A

Telithromycin
Solithromycin

45
Q

Minimally absorbed macrolide used to treat C. difficile infections

A

Fidaxomicin

46
Q

Macrolides (4)

A

Erythromycin
Clarithromycin
Azithromycin
Fidaxomicin

47
Q

Characterized by a macrocyclic lactone ring

A

Macrolides

48
Q

Prototype drug of macrolides

A

Erythromycin

49
Q

Prevents transpeptidation by blocking the polypeptide exit tunnel

A

Erythromycin

50
Q

Destroyed by stomach acid and must be administered with enteric coating

A

Erythromycin

51
Q

Traditional DOC for:
Corynebacterial infections (diptheria, corynebacterial sepsis)
Respiratory, neonatal, ocular, or genital chlamydial infections

A

Erythromycin

52
Q

Combined with oral neomycin and kanamycin for colon preoperative operation

A

Oral erythromycin base

53
Q

True or False

A higher dose of erythromycin is recommended for treating pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila

A

True

54
Q

Causes gastroparesis (off-label use)

A

Erythromycin

55
Q

Causes acute cholestatic hepatitis

A

Erythromycin

56
Q

Causes gastrointestinal intolerance

A

Erythromycin

57
Q

Derived from erythromycin by addition of a methyl group

A

Clarithromycin

58
Q

Derived from erythromycin by addition of a methylated nitrogen

A

Azithromycin

59
Q

Torsades de pointes arrhythmia

A

Azithromycin

60
Q

Exacerbates myasthenia gravis

A

Telithromycin

Ketolides

61
Q

Ketolide used for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia

A

Solithromycin

62
Q

Increased risk of death with hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia

A

Tigecycline

63
Q

Drug of choice for most infections caused by Rickettsiae and Borrelia sp.:
Rocky Mountain Spotted fever
Lyme disease

A

Tetracycline

64
Q

Oral tetracycline of choice for most indications

A

Doxycycline

65
Q

Tooth enamel dysplasia

A

Tetracyclines

66
Q

Fanconi syndrome

A

Outdated tetracyclines

67
Q

Candidiasis (oral and vaginal)

A

Tetracyclines
Chloramphenicol

68
Q

Neither an inducer nor an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 enzymes

A

Linezolid

Oxazolidinones

69
Q

Inhibits protein synthesis by interfering with the formation of initiation complexes and with aminoacyl translocation reactions

A

Clindamycin

PCOL MIDTERMS (10 decks)

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