UNIT 13: AMINOGLYCOSIDES & SPECTINOMYCIN Flashcards
Aminoglycosides (10)
Streptomycin
Neomycin
Kanamycin
Amikacin
Gentamicin
Tobramycin
Sisomicin
Netilmicin
Plazomicin
Paromomycin
Ototoxicity
Most likely to cause auditory damage (2)
Kanamycin
Amikacin
Most nephrotoxic (2)
Tobramycin
Gentamicin
Manifests as auditory damage or vestibular damage
Ototoxicity
Respiratory paralysis due to high doses of aminoglycosides can be reversed by: (3)
Calcium gluconate
Neostigmine
Ventilatory support
High doses of aminoglycosides can produce what effect?
Curare-like effect
Almost always used in combination with B-lactam antibiotics (2)
Tobramycin
Gentamicin
Frequently given in combination with other antibacterials for treatment of mycobacterial infections (2)
Amikacin
Streptomycin
Combination used to treat enterococcal endocarditis and to shorten duration of viridians streptococcal endocarditis
Penicillin-Aminoglycoside
Second-line agent for treatment of tuberculosis
Streptomycin
Used for:
Plague
Tularemia
Brucellosis
Streptomycin + oral tetracyclin
Can cause deafness in the newborn when given during pregnancy
Streptomycin
Most serious toxic effect of streptomycin
Disturbance of vestibular function (vertigo and loss of balance)
Isolated from Micromonospora purpurea
Gentamicin
Used in severe infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria:
P. aeruginosa
Enterobacter
Serratia
Proteus
Acinetobacter
Klebsiella
Gentamicin
True or False
Aminoglycosides should not be used as single agents for therapy of pneumonia
True
Can be used topically (2)
Gentamycin
Neomycin
Linked to point mutations in mitochondrial DNA
Gentamycin
Almost the same antibacterial spectrum as Gentamycin but is slightly more active against P. aeruginosa
Tobramycin
For inhalation for treatment of P. aeruginosa lower respiratory tract infections complicating cystic fibrosis
Tobramycin
Can be inhaled
Tobramycin
A semisynthetic derivative of kanamycin
Amikacin
Has an additional ethyl group that protects it from enzymatic degradation
Netilmicin
Effective against visceral leishmaniasis when given parenterally
Paromomycin
Can be used for Entamoeba histolytica infections and intestinal infections with other parasites
Paromomycin
Can be applied to the nares for suppression of staphylococci
Neomycin
True or False
Neomycin group affects vestibular function more than auditory function
False
Auditory function is more affected
An aminocyclitol antibiotic structurally related to aminoglycosides
Spectinomycin
Spectinomycin lacks the ff.: (2)
Amino sugars
Glycosidic bonds
Used almost solely as an alternative treatment for drug-resistant gonorrhea or gonorrhea in penicillin-allergic patients
Spectinomycin
Not recommended for pharyngeal infections due to high failure rates
Spectinomycin
Synergistic effects against Gram-positive bacteria when combined with B-lactams or vancomycin
Gentamicin
Concentration-dependent killing and significant post-antibiotic effect
Gentamicin
Clinical use:
Sepsis caused by aerobic Gram-negative bacteria
Gentamicin
Clinical use:
Synergistic activity in endocarditis caused by streptococci, staphylococci, and enterococci
Gentamicin
In gentamicin toxicity, which is reversible?
a. nephrotoxicity
b. ototoxicity
a. nephrotoxicity
More active than gentamicin versus Pseudomonas
Tobramycin
Used before bowel surgery to decrease aerobic flora
Neomycin
