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PCOL MIDTERMS > UNIT 13: AMINOGLYCOSIDES & SPECTINOMYCIN > Flashcards

UNIT 13: AMINOGLYCOSIDES & SPECTINOMYCIN Flashcards

1
Q

Aminoglycosides (10)

A

Streptomycin
Neomycin
Kanamycin
Amikacin
Gentamicin
Tobramycin
Sisomicin
Netilmicin
Plazomicin
Paromomycin

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2
Q

Ototoxicity

Most likely to cause auditory damage (2)

A

Kanamycin
Amikacin

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3
Q

Most nephrotoxic (2)

A

Tobramycin
Gentamicin

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4
Q

Manifests as auditory damage or vestibular damage

A

Ototoxicity

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5
Q

Respiratory paralysis due to high doses of aminoglycosides can be reversed by: (3)

A

Calcium gluconate
Neostigmine
Ventilatory support

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6
Q

High doses of aminoglycosides can produce what effect?

A

Curare-like effect

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7
Q

Almost always used in combination with B-lactam antibiotics (2)

A

Tobramycin
Gentamicin

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8
Q

Frequently given in combination with other antibacterials for treatment of mycobacterial infections (2)

A

Amikacin
Streptomycin

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9
Q

Combination used to treat enterococcal endocarditis and to shorten duration of viridians streptococcal endocarditis

A

Penicillin-Aminoglycoside

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10
Q

Second-line agent for treatment of tuberculosis

A

Streptomycin

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11
Q

Used for:
Plague
Tularemia
Brucellosis

A

Streptomycin + oral tetracyclin

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12
Q

Can cause deafness in the newborn when given during pregnancy

A

Streptomycin

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13
Q

Most serious toxic effect of streptomycin

A

Disturbance of vestibular function (vertigo and loss of balance)

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14
Q

Isolated from Micromonospora purpurea

A

Gentamicin

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15
Q

Used in severe infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria:
P. aeruginosa
Enterobacter
Serratia
Proteus
Acinetobacter
Klebsiella

A

Gentamicin

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16
Q

True or False

Aminoglycosides should not be used as single agents for therapy of pneumonia

A

True

17
Q

Can be used topically (2)

A

Gentamycin
Neomycin

18
Q

Linked to point mutations in mitochondrial DNA

A

Gentamycin

19
Q

Almost the same antibacterial spectrum as Gentamycin but is slightly more active against P. aeruginosa

A

Tobramycin

20
Q

For inhalation for treatment of P. aeruginosa lower respiratory tract infections complicating cystic fibrosis

A

Tobramycin

21
Q

Can be inhaled

A

Tobramycin

22
Q

A semisynthetic derivative of kanamycin

A

Amikacin

23
Q

Has an additional ethyl group that protects it from enzymatic degradation

A

Netilmicin

24
Q

Effective against visceral leishmaniasis when given parenterally

A

Paromomycin

25
Q

Can be used for Entamoeba histolytica infections and intestinal infections with other parasites

A

Paromomycin

26
Q

Can be applied to the nares for suppression of staphylococci

A

Neomycin

27
Q

True or False

Neomycin group affects vestibular function more than auditory function

A

False

Auditory function is more affected

28
Q

An aminocyclitol antibiotic structurally related to aminoglycosides

A

Spectinomycin

29
Q

Spectinomycin lacks the ff.: (2)

A

Amino sugars
Glycosidic bonds

30
Q

Used almost solely as an alternative treatment for drug-resistant gonorrhea or gonorrhea in penicillin-allergic patients

A

Spectinomycin

31
Q

Not recommended for pharyngeal infections due to high failure rates

A

Spectinomycin

32
Q

Synergistic effects against Gram-positive bacteria when combined with B-lactams or vancomycin

A

Gentamicin

33
Q

Concentration-dependent killing and significant post-antibiotic effect

A

Gentamicin

34
Q

Clinical use:
Sepsis caused by aerobic Gram-negative bacteria

A

Gentamicin

35
Q

Clinical use:
Synergistic activity in endocarditis caused by streptococci, staphylococci, and enterococci

A

Gentamicin

36
Q

In gentamicin toxicity, which is reversible?
a. nephrotoxicity
b. ototoxicity

A

a. nephrotoxicity

37
Q

More active than gentamicin versus Pseudomonas

A

Tobramycin

38
Q

Used before bowel surgery to decrease aerobic flora

A

Neomycin

PCOL MIDTERMS (10 decks)

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