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PCOL MIDTERMS > UNIT 7: INTRO TO CNS DRUGS > Flashcards

UNIT 7: INTRO TO CNS DRUGS Flashcards

1
Q

The CNS is composed of the _ and _

A

brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

These are electrically excitable cells that process and transmit information via an electrochemical process.

A

Neurons

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3
Q

Inhibits synthesis of serotonin

A

Parachlorophenylalanine

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4
Q

Inhibits storage of catecholamines

A

Reserpine

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5
Q

Inhibits release of catecholamines

A

Amphetamine

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6
Q

Batrachotoxin affects which type of channel?

A

Sodium Channel

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7
Q

Apamin affects which type of channel?

A

Potassium Channel

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8
Q

Charybdotoxin affects which type of channel?

A

Potassium Channel

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9
Q

**Omega-conotoxin **affects which type of channel?

A

Calcium Channel

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10
Q

Agatoxin affects which type of channel?

A

Calcium Channel

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11
Q

What are the types of voltage-gated channels? (3)

A
  1. Sodium Channel
  2. Potassium Channel
  3. Calcium Channel
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12
Q

What are the ligand-gated channels? (4)

A
  1. Nicotinic ACh Receptor
  2. GABAA Receptor
  3. Glycine Receptor
  4. AMPA Receptor
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13
Q

Irreversible antagonist for Nicotinic ACh receptor?

A

a-bungarotoxin

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14
Q

Blocks GABAA receptor?

A

Picrotoxin

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15
Q

Competitive antagonist for Glycine receptor?

A

Strychnine

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16
Q

Blocks AMPA receptor?

A

Philanthotoxin

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17
Q

Blocks channel from the outside

A

Tetrodotoxin (TTX)

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18
Q

Slows inactivation, shifts activation

A

Batrachotoxin (BTX)

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19
Q

Blocks small “Ca-activated” K+ channels?

A

Apamin

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20
Q

Blocks large “Ca-activated” K+ channels?

A

Charybdotoxin

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21
Q

Blocks **N-type **channel?

A

Omega-conotoxin (ω-CTX-GVIA)

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22
Q

Blocks **P-type ** channel?

A

Agatoxin (ω-AGAIVA)

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23
Q

Depletes monoamine synapses of transmitters by interfering with intracellular storage

A

Reserpine

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24
Q

Causes the release of the peptide substance P from sensory neurons

A

Capsaicin

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25
Q

Blocks the release of transmitters, leading to symptoms of tetanus

A

Tetanus Toxin

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26
Q

Blocks the uptake of catecholamines at adrenergic synapses and thus, potentiates the action of these amines

A

Cocaine

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27
Q

Inactivated by enzymatic degradation

A

Acetylcholine

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28
Q

Block the degradation of ACh and thereby prolong its action

A

Anticholinesterases

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29
Q

Can act as neurotransmitter agonist; mimic the action of enkephalin

A

Opioids

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30
Q

Blocks the receptor for the inhibitory transmitter glycine

A

Strychnine

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31
Q

Blocks the NMDA subtype of glutamate ionotropic receptors by binding in the ion channel pore

A

Ketamine (anesthetic)

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32
Q

Can modify neurotransmitter responses mediated through the 2nd messenger cAMP. It blocks cAMP’s metabolism, thereby prolonging its action

A

Methylxanthines

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33
Q

Enumerate:

Acetylcholine (ACh) Receptor/Agonist

A

M1: Muscarine
M2: Muscarine, Bethanecol
Nicotinic: Nicotine

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34
Q

Enumerate:

Dopamine (DA) Receptor/Agonist

A

**D1: **Dihydrexidine
**D2: **Bromocriptine

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35
Q

Enumerate:

Norepinephrine (NE) Receptor/Agonist

A

**α1: **Phenylephrine
**α2: **Clonidine
**β1: **Isoproterenol, dobutamine
**β2: **Albuterol

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36
Q

Enumerate:

Serotonin
(5-Hydroxytryptamine) Receptor/Agonist

A

5-HT1A: Eptapirone
5-HT2A: LSD
5-HT3: 2-methyl-5-HT
5-HT4: Cisapride

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37
Q

Identify:

Acetylcholine (ACh) M2 Receptor/Agonist

Inhibitory/Excitatory?

A

Muscarine, Bethanecol; Inhibitory

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38
Q

Identify:

Acetylcholine (ACh) M1 Receptor/Agonist

Inhibitory/Excitatory?

A

Muscarine; Excitatory

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39
Q

Identify:

Acetylcholine (ACh) Nicotinic Receptor/Agonist

Inhibitory/Excitatory?

A

Nicotine; Excitatory

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40
Q

Identify:

Dopamine (DA) D1 Receptor/Agonist

Inhibitory/Excitatory?

A

Dihydrexidine; Inhibitory

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41
Q

Identify:

Dopamine (DA) D2 Receptor/Agonist

Inhibitory/Excitatory?

A

Bromocriptine; Inhibitory

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42
Q

Identify:

Norepinephrine (NE) α1 Receptor/Agonist

Inhibitory/Excitatory?

A

Phenylephrine;Excitatory

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43
Q

Identify:

Norepinephrine (NE) α2 Receptor/Agonist

Inhibitory/Excitatory?

A

Clonidine; Inhibitory

44
Q

Identify:

Norepinephrine (NE) β1 Receptor/Agonist

Inhibitory/Excitatory?

A

Isoproteronol; Excitatory

45
Q

Identify:

Norepinephrine (NE) β2 Receptor/Agonist

Inhibitory/Excitatory?

A

Albuterol; Inhibitory

46
Q

Identify:

Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine) 5-HT1A Receptor/Agonist

Inhibitory/Excitatory?

A

Eptapirone; Inhibitory

47
Q

Identify:

Identify: Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine) 5-HT2A Receptor/Agonist

Inhibitory/Excitatory?

A

LSD; Excitatory

48
Q

Identify:

Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine) 5-HT3 Receptor/Agonist

Inhibitory/Excitatory?

A

2-methyl-5-HT; Excitatory

49
Q

Identify:

Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine) 5-HT4 Receptor/Agonist

Inhibitory/Excitatory?

A

Cisapride; Excitatory

50
Q

Enumerate:

Histamine Receptor/Agonist

A
  • H1: 2(m-fluorophenyl)-histamine
  • H2: dimaprit
  • H3: R-α-methylhistamine
51
Q

Identify:

Histamine H1 Receptor/Agonist

Inhibitory/Excitatory?

A

2-histamine; Excitatory

52
Q

Identify:

Histamine H2 Receptor/Agonist

Inhibitory/Excitatory?

A

Dimaprit; Excitatory

53
Q

Identify:

Histamine H3 Receptor/Agonist

Inhibitory/Excitatory?

A

R-α-methylhistamine; Inhibitory

54
Q

Enumerate:

GABA Receptor/Agonist

A

GABA A: Muscimol
GABA B: Baclofen

55
Q

Identify:

GABAA Receptor/Agonist

Inhibitory/Excitatory?

A

Muscimol; Inhibitory

56
Q

Identify:

GABAB Receptor/Agonist

Inhibitory/Excitatory?

A

Baclofen; Inhibitory

57
Q

Enumerate:

Glutamate Receptor/Agonist

A
  • NMDA: NMDA
  • AMPA: AMPA
  • Kainate: Kainic Acid, Domoic Acid
  • Metabotropic: ACPD, quisqualate
58
Q

Identify:

Glutamate Metabotropic Receptor/Agonist

Inhibitory/Excitatory?

A

ACPD, quisqualate; Inhibitory

59
Q

Identify:

Glycine Receptor/Inhibitor

Inhibitory/Excitatory?

A

Taurine, β-alanine; Inhibitory

60
Q

Inhibitory/Excitatory/Both:

Acetylcholine

61
Q

Inhibitory/Excitatory/Both:

Dopamine

A

Inhibitory

62
Q

Inhibitory/Excitatory/Both:

Serotonin

63
Q

Inhibitory/Excitatory/Both:

Histamine

64
Q

Inhibitory/Excitatory/Both:

GABA

A

Inhibitory

65
Q

Inhibitory/Excitatory/Both:

Glycine

A

Inhibitory

66
Q

Inhibitory/Excitatory/Both:

Glutamate

67
Q

Inhibitory/Excitatory/Both:

Opioid Peptides

A

Inhibitory

68
Q

Inhibitory/Excitatory/Both:

Orexins

A

Excitatory

69
Q

Inhibitory/Excitatory/Both:

Tachykinins

A

Excitatory

70
Q

Inhibitory/Excitatory/Both:

Endocannabinoids

A

Inhibitory

71
Q

Enumerate:

Monoamine Neurotransmitters

A
  1. Norepinephrine
  2. Epinephrine
  3. Dopamine
  4. Serotonin
72
Q

Enumerate:

Amino Acid Neurotransmitters

A
  1. GABA
  2. Glycine
  3. Glutamate
  4. Aspartate
73
Q

Binding of the neurotransmitter ligand directly opens the channel

A

Ligand-gated Channels or Ionotropic Receptors

74
Q

These channels are insensitive or only weakly sensitive to membrane potential.

A

Ligand-gated Channels or Ionotropic Receptors

75
Q

Activation of these channels typically results in a brief (a few milliseconds to tens of milliseconds) opening of the channel.

A

Ligand-gated Channels or Ionotropic Receptors

76
Q

These channels are responsible for fast synaptic transmission typical of hierarchical pathways in the CNS.

A

Ligand-gated Channels or Ionotropic Receptors

77
Q

These are seven transmembrane G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs).

A

Metabotropic Receptors

78
Q

Binding to this type of receptor engages a G protein, which results in the production of second messengers that mediate intracellular signaling cascades

A

Metabotropic Receptors

79
Q

Respond to changes in the** membrane potential **of the cell.

A

Voltage-gated Channels

80
Q

These channels are highly concentrated on the initial segment or axon hillock of the axon

A

Voltage-gated Channels

81
Q

EPSPs/IPSPs:

Opening of sodium or calcium channels

82
Q

EPSPs/IPSPs:

Closing of potassium channels in some synapses

83
Q

EPSPs/IPSPs:

↑Na+, ↑Ca+2, ↓K+

84
Q

EPSPs/IPSPs:

Depolarizing potential change

85
Q

EPSPs/IPSPs:

Opening of potassium channels

86
Q

EPSPs/IPSPs:

Opening of chloride channels

87
Q

EPSPs/IPSPs:

Increases K+, Increases Cl-, Decreases Ca+2 (presynaptic)

88
Q

Hierarchical/Diffused:

Contain large myelinated, rapidly conducting fibers

A

Hierarchical

89
Q

Hierarchical/Diffused:

Control major sensory and motor functions

A

Hierarchical

90
Q

Hierarchical/Diffused:

These pathways are generally clearly delineated

A

Hierarchical

91
Q

Hierarchical/Diffused:

The information is typically phasic and occurs in bursts of action potentials.

A

Hierarchical

92
Q

Hierarchical/Diffused:

Major excitatory transmitters: Aspartate, Glutamate

A

Hierarchical

93
Q

Hierarchical/Diffused:

Small, inhibitory interneurons transmitters: Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA), Glycine

A

Hierarchical

94
Q

Hierarchical/Diffused:

These neurotransmitters are produced by only a limited number of neurons

A

Diffused (Nonspecific)

95
Q

Hierarchical/Diffused:

Noradrenergic Amines (NE, dopamine and serotonin)

96
Q

Hierarchical/Diffused:

Broadly distributed, with single cells frequently sending processes to many different parts of the brain tangential

97
Q

Hierarchical/Diffused:

Affects sleeping and waking, attention, appetite, and emotional states.

98
Q

Hierarchical/Diffused:

Because the axons from these diffusely projecting neurons are fine and unmyelinated, they conduct very slowly, at about 0.5 m/s.

99
Q

Acetylcholine Receptor Subtypes

A

Muscarinic M1
Muscarinic M2
Nicotinic

100
Q

Dopamine Receptor Subtypes

101
Q

GABA Receptor Subtypes

A

GABA-A
GABA-B

102
Q

Glutamate Receptor Subtypes

A

NMDA
AMPA
Kainate
Metabotropic

103
Q

Serotonin Receptor Subtypes

A

5-HT1a
5-HT2a
5-HT3
5-HT4

104
Q

Norepinephrine Receptor Subtypes

105
Q

Histamine Receptor Subtypes

PCOL MIDTERMS (10 decks)

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