UNIT 6: HEAVY METALS AND CHELATORS Flashcards
Elements with high atomic weights, densities and, atomic numbers
HEAVY METALS
Enumerate:
Microessential nutrients
Iron, Cobalt, Zinc
Enumerate:
Less Harmful Substances
Ruthenium, Indium
Enumerate:
Toxic Substances
Cadmium, Mercury, Lead
Enumerate:
These 5 have the greatest potential to cause harm especially in high amounts or doses
- chromium
- arsenic
- cadmium
- mercury
- lead
Examples of this heavy metal are
storage batteries, ammuniton, and ceramics
Lead
Highly colored toys may contain what?
Lead
This was also used in water pipes
coining the term “plumber”
Lead
One of the oldest and most prevalent heavy metal that has been contaminating our environment
Lead
T/F:
Lead has no useful purpose in the body
True
T/F:
Lead does not cross the placenta
False
it crosses the placenta
Deferoxamine/Deferasirox/Deferiprone
FDA approved oral treatment of iron overload caused by blood transfusions
Deferasirox
Deferoxamine/Deferasirox/Deferiprone
Parenteral chelator of choice for iron poisoning
Deferoxamine
Arsenic/Lead/Mercury/All:
Torsades de pointes
Arsenic
Give the chelator or chelating agent:
Used to treat copper poisoning like Wilson’s disease
Penicillamine
Give the chelator or chelating agent:
Used for chelation of lead as well as zinc and manganese
Edetate Calcium Disodium or EDTA
increases or decreases?
For Lead, Low dietary calcium, iron deficiency and ingestion on an empty stomach _ absorption
increases absorption
T/F:
The half-life of lead in bones is 1-2 months
False
the half-life in bones is years to decades
Lead toxicity can be diagnosed in what samples? (4)
- bile
- skin
- hair
- nails
Lead in children:
It can lead to lowering of _, hearing loss, and an increase of learning disabilities
intelligence quotient (IQ)
T/F:
Lead may still affect adults’ intelligence quotient
False
It can lead to some neurocognitive effects but won’t affect IQ
What types of anemia can lead cause?
- normocytic
- microcytic
- hypochromic
Most important complication of lead poisoning:
nervous system disorders particularly seizures
What are the 2 major forms of lead intoxication?
- Inorganic
- Organic
Inorganic/Organic
What type of lead is majorly eliminated through urine and feces?
Organic
Example of this heavy metal are:
wood preservatives, glass, MSMA
Arsenic
Groundwater may contain high amounts of what?
Arsenic
Arsenic is
metabolized via the liver via _ _
methylation reactions
Historically, used as a pharmaceutical agent but now limited in use
Arsenic
what heavy metal
causes DNA alterations
Arsenic
Distribution of arsenic is highest in what organs? (2)
liver & kidney
what heavy metal causes pancytopenia?
arsenic
acute arsenic poisoning
*A condition in which there is a lower-than-normal number of red and white blood cells and platelets in the blood. *
This heavy metal may cause dark deposits at the gingival margin
lead/lead sulfide
“gingival lead lines”
What are used to chelate lead? (3)
- Intravenous EDTA (CaNa2EDTA)
- dimercaprol
- succimer (DMSA)
what heavy metal?
Months after an acute poisoning, transverse white striae (Aldrich-Mees lines) may be visible in the nails
Arsenic
Causes the raindrop pattern
Arsenic mixed with water
Used to treat acute arsenic poisoning?
- Unithiol
- Dimercaprol
Mercury is also called?
quicksilver or liquid metal
Chronic poisoning from inhalation of what results in a classic triad of tremor, neuropsychiatric disturbance, and gingivostomatitis?
mercury vapor
Humans are exposed to this through fluorescent lamps, dental amalgams, and artisanal gold production
Mercury