UNIT 9 Flashcards
What is the Attribution Theory?
The idea that we give an explanation for someone’s behavior.
We credit that behavior either to the situation or to the person’s disposition (someone overall as a person).
Was Emma being mean because she had a bad day or is she just a rude person?
What is the Fundamental Attribution Error?
The tendency to underestimate the impact of a situation and overestimate the impact of personal disposition.
EXAMPLE:
Viewing your teacher’s behavior…
You probably attribute it to their personality rather than their profession.
What is Self-Serving Bias?
The common habit of a person taking credit for positive events or outcomes, but blaming outside factors for negative events.
Can be affected by age, culture, clinical diagnosis, and more.
EXAMPLE:
Getting a bad score on a test and saying “oh it was because my teacher didn’t teach it right.” THIS IS SOMETHING THAT I DO A TON.
What is the False Consensus Effect?
The tendency to overestimate how much other people agree with us.
True or False - One of the main reasons False Consensus occurs is Family?
TRUE!
Family tends to be more similar to us and share many of the same beliefs and behaviors.
True or False - One of the main reasons False Consensus occurs is because we believe that other people think and act the same way we do?
TRUE!
Yes we do! Which can benefit one’s Self-Esteem. In order to feel good about ourselves, we are motivated to think that other people are just like us.
True or False - The last reason False Consensus occurs is because we are not familiar with our own attitudes and beliefs?
FALSE!
We are the most familiar with our own attitudes and beliefs. Since these ideas are always at the forefront of our minds, we are more likely to notice when other people share similar attitudes.
What is Confirmation Bias?
The tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms or supports one’s prior beliefs or values.
TO CONFIRM!!
What is the Just-World Hypothesis?
The Cognitive bias that assumes that “people get what they deserve” - that actions will have morally fair-fitting consequences for the actor.
EXAMPLE:
The assumptions that noble actions will eventually be rewarded and evil actions will eventually be punished.
What is the Halo Effect?
The tendency for positive impressions of a person, company, brand or product in one area to positively influence one’s opinion or feelings in other areas.
What is the Self-Fulfilling Prophecy?
The psychological phenomenon of someone “predicting” or expecting something, and this “prediction” or expectation coming true simply because the person believes or anticipates it will and the person’s resulting behaviors align to fulfill the belief.
What is Self-Concept?
How we perceive our behaviors, abilities, and unique characteristics.
For example, beliefs such as “I am a good friend” or “I am a kind person” are part of an overall self-concept.
Culture, Gender, Race, Ethnicity, etc. could affect this.
Who was Leon Festinger?
Created the Cognitive Dissonance Theory.
What is the Elaboration likelihood model?
Created by Richard E. Petty and John T. Cacioppo - Theory of Persuasion that suggests that there are two different ways people can be persuaded of something, depending on how invested they are in a topic. Central Route to Persuasion or Peripheral Route to Persuasion.
What is the Central Route to Persuasion?
People pay attention to the merits (what deserves to be worth) of an argument, and we carefully weigh the pros and cons of an issue.
The facts, evidence, and logical arguments.
What is the Peripheral Route to Persuasion?
People are susceptible (likely to be influenced/harmed by a particular thing) to be influenced by cues that don’t actually relate to the issue at hand.
- used to make quick decisions
Emotions and reactions.
What is Cognitive Dissonance?
We do not like when we have either conflicting attitudes or when our attitudes do not match our actions. When they clash, we will change our attitudes to create balance. SHOWS THAT ATTITUDE AND BEHAVIOR ARE INCONSISTENT.
EXAMPLE:
If someone says that killing animals is cruel, yet they eat cheeseburgers, they’d have to either stop eating meat, or change their perspective on animal cruelty.
What is the Foot in the Door Phenomenon?
The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request.
REMEMBER: FOOT IS SMALLER THAN A DOOR. SO FOOT (SMALL REQUEST) AND THEN DOOR (LARGE REQUEST).
What is the Door in the Face Phenomenon?
A persuasive strategy that involves making a large, unreasonable request first, followed by a smaller, more acceptable one.
REMEMBER: DOOR IS LARGER THAN YOUR FACE.
Who was Solomon Asch?
THINK CONFORMITY.
He wanted to prove Conformity.
What is Conformity?
Adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.
What is the Normative Social Influence?
Influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disappointment.
What was the Stanley Milgram Experiment?
Proving obedience.
In groups of two, one person would be asked questions by the other, if they answered wrong, they would get an electric shock by the other person.
THIS SHOWS THAT SOMEONE DOES SOMETHING BECAUSE A PERSON IN CHARGE OR WITH “POWER” IS DEMANDING IT.
