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AP Psychology > UNIT 8 MC > Flashcards

UNIT 8 MC Flashcards

Terms and Definitions Flashcards to help complete Unit 8 MC Test - Psychological Disorders

1
Q

What is a Psychological Disorder?

A

Persistently harmful thoughts, feelings and actions.

When a behavior is:
- Deviant
- Distressful
- Dysfunctional

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2
Q

What is an Anxiety Disorder?

A

A group of conditions where the primary symptoms are anxiety or defenses against anxiety.

(EX: The patient fears something awful will happen to them).

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3
Q

What is Generalized Anxiety Disorder?

A

When a person is continuously tense, apprehensive and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal.

They are constantly tense and worried, feel inadequate, are oversensitive, can’t concentrate suffers from insomnia.

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4
Q

What are the symptoms of Schizophrenia?

A
  • Disorganized thinking
  • Disturbed perceptions
  • Innappropriate Emotions and Actions
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5
Q

What is Paranoid Schizophrenia?

A

Preoccupation with delusions or hallucinations.

“Somebody is out to get me!!!”

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6
Q

What is Disorganized Schizophrenia?

A

Disorganized speech or behavior, or flat or Inappropriate emotion.

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7
Q

What is Catatonic Schizophrenia?

A

Parrot-like repeating of another’s speech and movements.

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8
Q

What is Undifferentiated Schizophrenia?

A

Many and varied symptoms.

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9
Q

What is Depression?

A

The “common cold” of psychological disorders.

  • It is like a warning that something is wrong
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10
Q

What is a Major Depressive Disorder?

A

When a person for no apparent reason, experiences two or more weeks of depressive moods.

  • Includes feelings of worthlessness and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities
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11
Q

What are Dissociative Disorders?

A

When conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous, thoughts and feelings.

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12
Q

What is Dissociative Amnesia?

A

A Dissociative Disorder characterized by a blocking out of critical personal information, usually of a traumatic or stressful nature.

DOES NOT RESULT FROM OTHER MEDICAL TRAUMA (ex. a blow to the head)

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13
Q

What are the types of Dissociative Amnesia?

A
  • Localized Amnesia
  • Selective Amnesia
  • Generalized Amnesia
  • Systematized Amnesia
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14
Q

What is Localized Amnesia?

A

When an individual has no memory of traumatic events that took place.

The loss of memory is localized with a specific window of time.

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15
Q

What is Selective Amnesia?

A

When an individual can recall only small parts of events that took place in a defined period of time.

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16
Q

What is Generalized Amnesia?

A

Diagnosed when a person’s amnesia encompasses his/her entire life.

17
Q

What is Systematized Amnesia?

A

When an individual has a loss of memory for a specific category of information.

EX: A person might be missing all memories about one specific family member.

18
Q

What is Antisocial Personality Disorder?

A
  • Characterized by a lack of conscience (inner voice telling you that doing something harmful is wrong)
  • People with this disorder are prone to criminal behavior, believing their victims are weak and deserving of being taken advantage of
  • They tend to lie and steal and be aggressive with the concern about their needs and not others
19
Q

What is Narcissistic Personality Disorder?

A
  • Characterized by self-centeredness (I WONDER WHO THAT COULD BE)
  • They exaggerate their achievements, expecting others to recognize them as being superior
  • Weird about picking friends because they think no one is worthy of being their friend
  • Typically uninterested in the feelings of others and may take advantage of them
20
Q

What is Obsessive Compulsive Disorder?

A
  • ALSO KNOWN AS OCD -
    An Anxiety Disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions).
    EXAMPLE:
    Fear of contamination of germs, dirt, etc…. reaction to this would be constantly washing your hands.
21
Q

What is Borderline Personality Disorder?

A
  • Characterized by mood instability and poor self-image
  • Prone to constant mood swings and bouts of anger
  • They will take their anger out on themselves, causing themselves injury
  • Suicidal threats and actions are not uncommon
  • They are quick to anger when their expectations are not met
22
Q

What is Bipolar Disorder?

A

When an individual alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania.

23
Q

What is Conversion Disorder?

A

A condition in which an individual experiences physical and sensory problems.

Could be paralysis, numbness, blindness, deafness or seizures with no underlying neurologic pathology.

24
Q

What are the symptoms of Conversion DIsorder?

A
  • Weakness or paralysis
  • Loss of balance or difficulty walking
  • Tremors or seizures
  • Vision problems, such as double vision or blindness
  • Hearing problems or deafness
  • Difficulty speaking or inability to speak
  • Difficulty swallowing
25
Q

What is a Phobia?

A

When an individual experiences sudden episodes of intense dread.

EXAMPLE: Aerophobia (fear of flying).

26
Q

What is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder?

A
  • Also known as PTSD -
    When an individual often relives traumatic events.
    This could happen with flashbacks or even dreams.
27
Q

How do you treat PTSD?

A
  • Psychotherapy and medication
  • There could be mood changes, loss of interest in old hobbies, possible amnesia or emotional outburst, trouble sleeping, and reckless behavior
28
Q

Who is Aaron Beck?

A
  • Believed that changing people’s thinking can change their functioning
  • Analyzed the dreams of depressed people
  • Cognitive therapy = clients recall and rehearse their failings and worst impulses, which reversed their beliefs about themselves
  • HE USED COGNITIVE THERAPY TO GET PEOPLE TO TAKE OFF THEIR “DARK SUNGLASSES” IN WHICH THEY VIEW THEIR SURROUNDINGS
29
Q

Who is Albert Ellis?

A
  • Rational emotive behavior therapy
  • Helped identify irrational beliefs/negative thought patterns that may lead to emotional or behavior issues
30
Q

Who is Sigmund Freud?

A
  • Psychoanalysis = helped patients reclaim their unconscious thoughts/feelings and gave them insight into the origins of their disorders.
  • Overcome resistance.
  • A psychoanalyst wants you to become aware of the resistance and together interpret (ex. Latent Content) its underlying meaning.
31
Q

What is Behavior Therapy?

A
  • A range of treatments and techniques which are used to change an individual’s maladaptive responses to specific situations.
  • The client learns principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors.
  • Since the behavior is the problem, we need to change it.
32
Q

What is Systematic Desensitization?

A
  • Developed by Joseph Wolpe
  • A type of counterconditioning that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli
  • Used Progressive Relaxation (muscle relaxation to form connections between the mind and the body)
  • Used Exposure Therapy (presented Phobia to patients to overcome the fear)
  • Used Flooding (facing your fear at an intense, maximum level)
33
Q

What is Cognitive Therapy?

A
  • A therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumptions that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions
  • Therapists try to teach people new, more constructive ways of thinking
  • Patients involved in Cognitive Therapy scored lower on the Depression test post-therapy
34
Q

What is active listening?

A
  • Central to Roger’s client-centered therapy
  • Empathetic listening where the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies
35
Q

What is Group Therapy?

A
  • Attending therapy sessions with others that face similar struggles as you
  • Individuals don’t get as much individual attention from the therapist, but at the same time individuals are able to see others going through the issues and problems
  • It was a good way to practice social behaviors
36
Q

What is the Psychodynamic Approach?

A
  • Psychoanalytic (what you see in movies and tv shows) takes place
  • The goal is to discover the unconscious motives and childhood experiences that shape who the person is and to understand why they’re having the symptoms that they are having
37
Q

What is the Biomedical Approach?

A
  • Therapies aimed at altering the body chemistry
  • To do that, they used meds
  • When a new drug is released there is too much enthusiasm
  • Most use a double-blind procedure to combat placebo and experimental effects
38
Q

What is the Cognitive Approach?

A
  • Rational-emotive behavior therapy…
    An action-oriented Approach that’s focused on helping people deal with irrational beliefs and identifying self-defeating thoughts and feelings, and replace them with healthier, more productive beliefs

AP Psychology (13 decks)

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