Causes and Treatments of Disorders

Question 1

Psychodynamic cause of anxiety disorders

Answer 1

Repressed thoughts and feelings manifest in anxiety and rituals.

Question 2

Behaviorist cause of anxiety disorder

Answer 2

Fear conditioning leads to anxiety, which is then reinforced. Phobias might be learned a through observational learning.

Question 3

Biological cause of anxiety disorder

Answer 3

Natural selection favored those with certain phobias (heights). Twins often share disorders. Often see less GABA in the brain.

Question 4

Dissociative cause of anxiety disorder

Answer 4

Identity Disorder - formerly multiple personalities - person fractures into several distinct personalities who normally have no awareness of each other.

Treatment involves integration of the personalities.

Question 5

Biology cause of mood disorders

Answer 5

Lower levels of serotonin & Norepinephrine linked to depression, higher levels of Norepinephrine linked to mania. Runs in families suggesting GENES. Twin studies also support this.

Question 6

Hallucinations

Answer 6

Sensory experiences without sensory stimulation (seeing and/or hearing things).

Question 7

Delusions

Answer 7

Fixed, false beliefs (people are out to get them, grandiose thoughts (I am God)).

Question 8

Disorganized thinking

Answer 8

Thoughts are not orderly organized. All over the place.

Question 9

Disorganized speech

Answer 9

Speech is not organized. Saying things that don’t go with each other.

Question 10

Negative Symptoms

Answer 10

Something taken away.

Question 11

Flat effect

Answer 11

Lack ability to show emotions.

Question 12

Catatonia

Answer 12

Become frozen over periods periods of time.

Question 13

Personality Disorders

Answer 13

Marked by disruptive, inflexible, enduring behavior patterns - makes this very difficult to treat!

Question 14

Antisocial

Answer 14

NOT “avoidant of socialization” - more like “anti-society” - disregard for others, manipulative, breaks laws.

JEFFERY DAHMER.

Question 15

Borderline

Answer 15

Unstable interpersonal relationships & self-image, “I hate you, don’t leave me.”

Question 16

Histrionic

Answer 16

Excessive emotionality & attention seeking (slut disorder).

Question 17

Narcissistic

Answer 17

Need for administration & lack of empathy (who cares about everyone else - look at me!).

Question 18

Treatment for Humanistic Approach

Answer 18

Client-Centered Therapy:
developed by CARL ROGERS, techniques include active listening, accepting environment, focuses on patient growth (you figure out what needs to change and do it).

Question 19

Treatment for Cognitive Approach

Answer 19

Rational-emotive therapy:
developed by ELLIS, techniques include analyzing self-defeating behaviors to change thought patterns - and then change behaviors associated with said patterns.
- best for anxiety disorders
- very confrontational

Question 20

Behavioral Approach

Answer 20

• Typically used for anxiety disorders/phobias
• Classical Conditioning
• Counterconditioning
• LITTLE ALBERT AND WATSON

Question 20

Cognitive Therapy

Answer 20

Developed by Beck, illogical thoughts - challenges those thoughts.
- best for depression
- self-directed
You figure out your errors.

Question 21

Aversive conditioning

Answer 21

• Associate an unpleasant experience (e.g. nausea) with an unwanted behavior.

Question 22

Anti-psychotics

Answer 22

Decrease dopamine: treats schizophrenia.

Side effects: TARDIVE

Question 23

Dyskinesia

Answer 23

Hand tremors (similar to Parkinson’s - due to lack of dopamine).

Question 24

Thorazine, clozapine

Answer 24

Antidepressants: increase serotonin through REUPTAKE inhibition: Side effects: drowsiness, anxiety, can increase suicide risk in teens.

Question 25

Mood Stabalizers

Answer 25

Used in the treatment of BIPOLAR disorder: Lithium.

Question 26

Anti-anxiety drugs

Answer 26

Depress the central Nervous System (dangerous in combo with alcohol) Xanax, Ativan.