Causes and Treatments of Disorders Flashcards
Psychodynamic cause of anxiety disorders
Repressed thoughts and feelings manifest in anxiety and rituals.
Behaviorist cause of anxiety disorder
Fear conditioning leads to anxiety, which is then reinforced. Phobias might be learned a through observational learning.
Biological cause of anxiety disorder
Natural selection favored those with certain phobias (heights). Twins often share disorders. Often see less GABA in the brain.
Dissociative cause of anxiety disorder
Identity Disorder - formerly multiple personalities - person fractures into several distinct personalities who normally have no awareness of each other.
Treatment involves integration of the personalities.
Biology cause of mood disorders
Lower levels of serotonin & Norepinephrine linked to depression, higher levels of Norepinephrine linked to mania. Runs in families suggesting GENES. Twin studies also support this.
Hallucinations
Sensory experiences without sensory stimulation (seeing and/or hearing things).
Delusions
Fixed, false beliefs (people are out to get them, grandiose thoughts (I am God)).
Disorganized thinking
Thoughts are not orderly organized. All over the place.
Disorganized speech
Speech is not organized. Saying things that don’t go with each other.
Negative Symptoms
Something taken away.
Flat effect
Lack ability to show emotions.
Catatonia
Become frozen over periods periods of time.
Personality Disorders
Marked by disruptive, inflexible, enduring behavior patterns - makes this very difficult to treat!
Antisocial
NOT “avoidant of socialization” - more like “anti-society” - disregard for others, manipulative, breaks laws.
JEFFERY DAHMER.
Borderline
Unstable interpersonal relationships & self-image, “I hate you, don’t leave me.”
Histrionic
Excessive emotionality & attention seeking (slut disorder).
Narcissistic
Need for administration & lack of empathy (who cares about everyone else - look at me!).
Treatment for Humanistic Approach
Client-Centered Therapy:
developed by CARL ROGERS, techniques include active listening, accepting environment, focuses on patient growth (you figure out what needs to change and do it).
Treatment for Cognitive Approach
Rational-emotive therapy:
developed by ELLIS, techniques include analyzing self-defeating behaviors to change thought patterns - and then change behaviors associated with said patterns.
- best for anxiety disorders
- very confrontational
Behavioral Approach
- Typically used for anxiety disorders/phobias
- Classical Conditioning
- Counterconditioning
- LITTLE ALBERT AND WATSON
Cognitive Therapy
Developed by Beck, illogical thoughts - challenges those thoughts.
- best for depression
- self-directed
You figure out your errors.
Aversive conditioning
- Associate an unpleasant experience (e.g. nausea) with an unwanted behavior.
Anti-psychotics
Decrease dopamine: treats schizophrenia.
Side effects: TARDIVE
Dyskinesia
Hand tremors (similar to Parkinson’s - due to lack of dopamine).
Thorazine, clozapine
Antidepressants: increase serotonin through REUPTAKE inhibition: Side effects: drowsiness, anxiety, can increase suicide risk in teens.
Mood Stabalizers
Used in the treatment of BIPOLAR disorder: Lithium.
Anti-anxiety drugs
Depress the central Nervous System (dangerous in combo with alcohol) Xanax, Ativan.
