Unit 8: Respiratory Flashcards
1
Q
aer/o
A
Air
2
Q
alveol/o
A
Alveolus
3
Q
angi/o
A
Vessel
4
Q
anthrac/o
A
Coal
5
Q
arteri/o
A
Artery
6
Q
atel/o
A
Incomplete
7
Q
bi/o
A
Life
8
Q
bronch/o
A
Bronchus
9
Q
bronchi/o
A
Bronchus
10
Q
bronchiol/o
A
Bronchiole
11
Q
carcin/o
A
Cancer
12
Q
coni/o
A
Dust
13
Q
cortic/o
A
Outer region, cortex
14
Q
cyano/o
A
Blue
15
Q
cyst/o
A
Cyst, bladder
16
Q
cyt/o
A
Cell
17
Q
diaphragmat/o
A
Diaphragm
18
Q
embol/o
A
Plug
19
Q
epiglott/o
A
Epiglottis
20
Q
fibr/o
A
Fibers
21
Q
hem/o
A
Blood
22
Q
hist/o
A
Tissue
23
Q
laryng/o
A
Larynx
24
Q
lob/o
A
Lobe
25
muc/o
Mucus
26
nas/o
Nose
27
orth/o
Straight
28
ox/o, ox/i
Oxygen
29
pharyng/o
Pharynx
30
pleur/o
Pleura
31
pneum/o
Air
32
pneumon/o
Lung
33
pulmon/o
Lung
34
py/o
Pus
35
rhin/o
Nose
36
sept/o
Wall
37
sinus/o
Sinus
38
somn/o
Sleep
39
spir/o
Breathing
40
trache/o
Trachea
41
tuss/o
Cough
42
-capnia
Carbon Dioxide
43
-osmia
Abnormal condition
44
-plegia
Paralysis
45
-pnea
Breathing
46
-ptysis
Spitting
47
-spasm
Involuntary muscle spasm
48
-thorax
Chest
49
What 3 things are the organs of the respiratory system responsible for?
- Bringing fresh air into the lungs
- Exchanging oxygen for carbon dioxide
- Exchanging stale air
50
The organs of the respiratory system are?
Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs
51
What 2 systems work together on gas exchange?
Respiratory and cardiovascular
52
Interruption of respiration can cause?
Brain damage or death
53
What 3 parts are respiration divided into?
Ventilation, external respiration, and internal respiration
54
The flow of air between the outside environment and the lungs in two stages
Ventilation
55
The flow of air into the lungs, bringing fresh oxygen
Inhalation
56
The flow of air out of the lungs, removing carbon dioxide
Exhalation
57
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs
External respiration
58
What gas leaves air sacs and enters the bloodstream?
Oxygen
59
What gas leaves the bloodstream and enters air sacs?
Carbon dioxide
60
The exchange of O2 and carbon dioxide at the cellular level
Internal respiration
61
This is needed for cell metabolism and it leaves the bloodstream and is delivered to the tissues
Oxygen
62
This is a waste product and it leaves the tissues and enters bloodstream for disposal by the lungs
Carbon dioxide
63
Air enters the nasal cavity at the?
Nares
64
The nasal cavity is divided by the?
Nasal septum
65
The palate separates the nasal cavity from the?
Mouth
66
What lines the nasal cavity?
Mucous membrane
67
This secretes mucus which cleans air by trapping particles
Mucous membrane
68
This membrane is moist and helps moisturize the air
Mucous membrane
69
This is located in the membrane and warms the air as it passes through
Capillaries
70
This lines the nasal openings and filters the air
Cilia
71
This aids in sound production and voice resonance
Paranasal sinuses
72
The pharynx has both _____ and _____ functions
Respiratory and digestive
73
The pharynx is __ inches long and is divided into the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
5 inches
74
This is located in the pharynx and capture pathogens
Tonsils
75
The opening of the eustachian tube is in the?
Nasopharynx
76
This is a muscle structure between the pharynx and the trachea
Larynx
77
The larynx contains folds of tissue known as the?
Vocal cords
78
This is an opening between the folds that make sound by vibrating as air passes through it
The glottis
79
The epiglottis prevents ____ and ______ from being inhaled into the lungs
Food and liquid
80
The epiglottis covers the larynx and trachea during?
Swallowing
81
The larynx is made of _____ ______ which is held in place with ligaments and muscles
Cartilaginous plates
82
This is a tube composed of smooth muscle and cartilage rings
Trachea
83
The trachea carries air from the larynx to the main?
Bronchi
84
This is lined with mucous membrane and cilia which aids in cleansing, warming, and moisturizing air as it travels to the lungs
Trachea
85
The distal end of the trachea is divided into?
Left and right main bronchi
86
Each bronchus enters a ____ and continues branching
Lung
87
What are the narrowest branches are?
Bronchioles
88
What do bronchioles terminate in?
Alveoli
89
Pulmonary capillaries encase ______ and is the site of gas exchange
Alveoli
90
Each lung is a total collection of what 3 things?
Bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
91
What protects the lungs?
Pleura
92
What lines the chest cavity?
Outer, parietal pleura
93
What adheres to the lung surface?
The inner, visceral pleura
94
The pleura forms a ___ around each lung called the pleural cavity
Sac
95
How many lobes does the right lung have?
3 lobes
96
How many lobes does the left lung have?
2 lobes
97
What is the superior point of the lung?
Apex
98
What is the broad lower area of the lung?
Base
99
What is the entry/exit point for bronchi, vessels, and nerves?
Medial hilum
100
This protects the lungs and mediastinum
Ribs
101
The measurements of the volume of air flowing in and out of the lungs are used to determine?
Lung Capacity
102
What kind of tests does a respiratory therapist use to measure lung volume?
Pulmonary function tests
103
Volume of air moving in and out of lungs in a single relaxed breath
Tidal volume(TV)
104
Volume of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal inhalation
Inspiratory reserve volume(IRV)
105
Volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a forced exhalation
Expiratory reserve volume(ERV)
106
Volume of air remaining in lungs after a forced exhalation
Residual volume(RV)
107
Volume of air inhaled after a normal exhalation
Inspiratory capacity(IC)
108
Amount of air that remains in the lungs after a normal exhalation
Functional residual capacity(FRC)
109
Volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation; equal to TV + IRV + ERV
Vital capacity(VC)
110
Volume of air in the lungs after a maximal inhalation
Total lung capacity(TLC)
111
When the diaphragm contracts, it increases?
Thoracic volume
112
When the diaphragm contracts, it decreases?
Thoracic pressure
113
Air flows into the lungs to _____ the atmospheric and thoracic pressures
Equalize
114
Intercostal muscles assist by further ______ the cavity
Enlarging
115
When the diaphragm and intercostals relax, the thorax cavity becomes?
Smaller
116
When the diaphragm and intercostals relax, the pressure of thoracic cavity?
Increases
117
Air flows out in an effort to do what to atmospheric and thoracic pressures?
Equalize
118
Unforced breaths are passive or active?
Passive
119
Forced breaths are passive or active?
Active
120
What is rate regulated by what in the blood?
Carbon dioxide
121
When the carbon dioxide level is high, breathing is ____ to expel the waste
Rapid
122
As the level drops, respiratory rate does what?
Decreases
123
What can signal problems?
Altered rates
124
Respirations per minute for newborns?
30-60 min
125
Respirations per minute for 1 -year-olds?
18-30 min
126
Respirations per minute for 16-year-olds?
16-20 min
127
Respirations per minute for adults?
12-20 min
128
Branch of medicine involving the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and conditions of internal organs, including the respiratory system
Internal Medicine
129
Branch of medicine involving the diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of the ear, nose, and throat
ENT
130
Branch of medicine involved in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the respiratory system
Pulmonologist
131
Allied health specialty that assists patients with respiratory and cardiopulmonary disorders. They conduct pulmonary function tests, monitor O2 and CO2 levels in the blood, administer breathing treatments and manage ventilators
Respiratory Therapist
132
Branch of medicine including the diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of the respiratory system by surgical means
Thoracic Surgeon
133
Lack of sense of smell
Anosmia
134
Condition of receiving almost no oxygen from inhaled air
Anoxia
135
Condition of being unable to produce sound
Aphonia
136
Not breathing
Apnea
137
Lack of oxygen that can lead to unconsciousness and death if not corrected immediately
Asphyxia
138
Withdrawing fluid from a body cavity using suction. It also refers to inhaling food, liquid, or foreign object into airways, leads to pneumonia
Aspiration
139
Breathing too slowly ; a low respiratory rate
Bradypnea
140
Dilated bronchus
Bronchiectasis
141
Involuntary muscle spasm of the smooth muscle in the wall of the bronchus
Bronchospasm
142
Abnormal widening/thickening of the ends of the fingers and toes associated with chronic oxygen deficiency
Clubbing
143
Abnormal sound made during inspiration. Usually indicates presence of fluid or mucus in small airways
Crackles
144
Bluish tint of skin that is receiving an insufficient amount of oxygen or circulation
Cyanosis
145
Condition of having difficulty producing sounds or producing abnormal sounds
Dysphonia
146
Difficult or labored breathing
Dyspnea
147
Nosebleed
Epistaxis
148
Normal breathing and respiratory rate
Eupnea
149
To cough up blood or blood-stained sputum
Hemoptysis
150
Presence of blood in the chest cavity
Hemothorax
151
Having excessive carbon dioxide in body
Hypercapnia
152
Breathing both too fast(tachypnea) and too deep(hypernea)
Hyperventilation
153
Insufficient level of carbon dioxide in the body ; very serious because it's the presence of carbon dioxide that stimulates respiration, not the absence of oxygen
Hypocapnia
154
Breathing both too slow(bradypnea) and too shallow(hypopnea)
Hypoventilation
155
Condition of having an insufficient amount of oxygen in the bloodstream
Hypoxemia
156
Condition of receiving an insufficient amount of oxygen from inhaled air
Hypoxia
157
Paralysis of the muscles controlling in the larynx
Laryngoplegia
158
Dyspnea that is worsened by lying flat. Better to breath by sitting up. Common occurrence in pulmonary disease
Orthopnea
159
Inflammation of all the paranasal sinuses
Pansinuitis
160
Thick mucus is secreted by the membranes lining the respiratory tract. When phlegm is coughed through mouth, its called sputum
Phlegm
161
Grating sound made when 2 layers of pleura rub together during respiration
Pleural rub
162
Presence of pus in chest cavity ; indicated a bacterial infection
Pyothorax
163
Inflammation of nasal cavity
Rhinitis
164
Rapid flow of blood from nose
Rhinorrhagia
165
Discharge from nose(runny nose)
Rhinorrhea
166
hal/o
Breath
167
-phonia
Voice
168
Somewhat musical sound during expiration, often found in asthma or infection. Caused by spasms of the bronchial tubes(wheezing)
Rhonchi
169
Indicates that a patient is having difficulty breathing ; also called dyspnea
Shortness of breath (SOB)
170
Mucus or phlegm coughed up from the lining of the respiratory tract
Sputum
171
Harsh, high pitched noisy breathing sound made when there's an obstruction of the bronchus or larynx
Stridor
172
Breathing fast ; a high respiratory rate
Tachypnea
173
Chest pain. Doesn't refer to angina pectoris
Thoracalgia
174
Narrowing of the trachea
Tracheastenosis
175
Acute respiratory condition found in infants and children characterized by a barking type of cough or stridor
Croup
176
Inflammation of the larynx
Laryngitis
177
Inflammation of nasal cavity and pharynx
Nasopharyngitis
178
Whooping cough, due to whoop sound made when coughing. Infections bacterial diseases of the upper respiratory systems that children receive immunization against as part of their DPT shots
Pertussis
179
Inflammation of pharynx(sore throat)
Pharyngitis
180
Fungal infection of nasal cavity
Rhinomycosis
181
Disease caused by allergens, resulting in constriction of bronchial airways, dyspnea, coughing, and wheezing. Can cause violent spasms of the bronchi
Asthma
182
Abnormal enlargement of bronchi ; may be result of lung infection. Can be irreversible and result in destruction of bronchial walls
Bronchiectasis
183
Inflammation of a bronchus
Bronchitis
184
Acute respiratory failure in adults characterized by tachypnea, dyspnea, cyanosis, tachycardia, and hypoxemia
Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
185
Progressive, chronic, and usually irreversible group or conditions, like emphysema, in which lungs have a diminished capacity for inspiration
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
186
Hereditary condition causing exocrine glands to malfunction. Patient produces thick mucus that causes severe congestion within lungs and digestive system
Cystic fibrosis (CF)
187
Pulmonary condition characterized by destruction of walls of alveoli, resulting in fewer overexpanded air sacs
Emphysema
188
Lung condition found in premature infants that is characterized by tachypnea and respiratory grunting. Caused by lack of surfactant necessary to keep lungs inflated
Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS)
189
Viral infection of respiratory system characterized by chills, fever, body aches, and fatique
Influenza (Flu)
190
Inflammatory condition of lung that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and aspirate substances. Results in filling of alveoli and air spaces with fluid
Pneumonia
191
Condition in which lung tissue retains excessive amount of fluid, especially in the alveoli. Results in dyspnea
Pulmonary edema
192
Obstruction of pulmonary artery or one of its branches by an embolus. May cause infarct in lung tissue
Pulmonary embolism
193
Formation of fibrous scar tissue in lungs that leads to decreased ability to expand lungs
Pulmonary fibrosis
194
Acute viral respiratory infection that begins like the flu, but quickly progresses to secure dyspnea ; high fatality rate
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SIDS)
195
Infectious disease caused by bacteria that affects respiratory system and causes inflammation and calification in lungs
Tuberculosis (TB)
196
Testing for gases present in the blood, used to assist in determining levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood
Arterial blood gases (ABGs)
197
Instrument to measure amount of oxygen in the bloodstream
Oximeter
198
Measures oxygen level in blood using a device, oximeter, placed on patients fingertip or ear lobe
Oximetry
199
Diagnostic tests that give info regarding air flow in and out of lungs, lung volumes, and gas exchange between lungs and bloodstream
Pulmonary function test (PFT)
200
Instrument to measure lung capacity used for spirometry
Spirometer
201
Procedure to measure lung capacity using a spirometer
Spirometry
202
Surgical repair of bronchus
Bronchoplasty
203
Surgical removal of larynx
Laryngectomy
204
Surgical repair of larynx
Laryngoplasty
205
Surgical removal of a lobe of a lung
Lobectomy
206
Surgical removal of the pleura
Pluerectomy
207
Inserting needle into pleural space to withdraw fluid
Pleurocentesis
208
Surgical puncture of the chest wall for the removal of fluids
Thoracentesis
209
Insertion of a tube into the chest cavity for the purpsoe of draining off fluid or air
Thoracostomy
210
To cut into chest cavity
Thoracotomy
211
Surgical procedure performed in an emergency that creates an opening directly into trachea to allow patient to breath easier
Tracheotomy
212
Emergency treatment provided by persons trained in CPR on a given to patients when their respirations and heart stop
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
213
Technique for removing foreign body from trachea or pharynx by exerting diaphragmatic pressure
Heimlich maneuver
214
Use of fingertips to tap on a surface to determine the condition beneath the surface. Determined in part by the feel of the surface as it is tapped and the sound generated
Percussion
215
Kills bacteria causing respiratory infections
Antibiotic
216
Blocks the effect of histamine that has been released by the body during an allergy attack
Antihistamine
217
Relives urge to cough
Antitussive
218
Relaxed muscle spasms in bronchial tubes. Used to treat asthma
Bronchodilator
219
Reduces inflammation and swelling in the respiratory tract
Corticosteriods
220
Reduces stuffiness and congestion throughout respiratory
Decongestant
221
Improves ability to cough up mucus from the respiratory tract
Expectorant
222
Liquefies mucus so it's easier to cough and clear it from the respiratory tract
Mucolytic
223
Surgical removal of a lung
Pneumonectomy
224
Plastic surgery of nose
Rhinoplasty
