Unit 8: Respiratory Flashcards

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1
Q

aer/o

A

Air

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2
Q

alveol/o

A

Alveolus

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3
Q

angi/o

A

Vessel

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4
Q

anthrac/o

A

Coal

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5
Q

arteri/o

A

Artery

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6
Q

atel/o

A

Incomplete

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7
Q

bi/o

A

Life

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8
Q

bronch/o

A

Bronchus

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9
Q

bronchi/o

A

Bronchus

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10
Q

bronchiol/o

A

Bronchiole

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11
Q

carcin/o

A

Cancer

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12
Q

coni/o

A

Dust

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13
Q

cortic/o

A

Outer region, cortex

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14
Q

cyano/o

A

Blue

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15
Q

cyst/o

A

Cyst, bladder

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16
Q

cyt/o

A

Cell

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17
Q

diaphragmat/o

A

Diaphragm

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18
Q

embol/o

A

Plug

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19
Q

epiglott/o

A

Epiglottis

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20
Q

fibr/o

A

Fibers

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21
Q

hem/o

A

Blood

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22
Q

hist/o

A

Tissue

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23
Q

laryng/o

A

Larynx

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24
Q

lob/o

A

Lobe

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25
Q

muc/o

A

Mucus

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26
Q

nas/o

A

Nose

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27
Q

orth/o

A

Straight

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28
Q

ox/o, ox/i

A

Oxygen

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29
Q

pharyng/o

A

Pharynx

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30
Q

pleur/o

A

Pleura

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31
Q

pneum/o

A

Air

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32
Q

pneumon/o

A

Lung

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33
Q

pulmon/o

A

Lung

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34
Q

py/o

A

Pus

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35
Q

rhin/o

A

Nose

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36
Q

sept/o

A

Wall

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37
Q

sinus/o

A

Sinus

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38
Q

somn/o

A

Sleep

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39
Q

spir/o

A

Breathing

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40
Q

trache/o

A

Trachea

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41
Q

tuss/o

A

Cough

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42
Q

-capnia

A

Carbon Dioxide

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43
Q

-osmia

A

Abnormal condition

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44
Q

-plegia

A

Paralysis

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45
Q

-pnea

A

Breathing

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46
Q

-ptysis

A

Spitting

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47
Q

-spasm

A

Involuntary muscle spasm

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48
Q

-thorax

A

Chest

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49
Q

What 3 things are the organs of the respiratory system responsible for?

A
  • Bringing fresh air into the lungs
  • Exchanging oxygen for carbon dioxide
  • Exchanging stale air
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50
Q

The organs of the respiratory system are?

A

Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs

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51
Q

What 2 systems work together on gas exchange?

A

Respiratory and cardiovascular

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52
Q

Interruption of respiration can cause?

A

Brain damage or death

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53
Q

What 3 parts are respiration divided into?

A

Ventilation, external respiration, and internal respiration

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54
Q

The flow of air between the outside environment and the lungs in two stages

A

Ventilation

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55
Q

The flow of air into the lungs, bringing fresh oxygen

A

Inhalation

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56
Q

The flow of air out of the lungs, removing carbon dioxide

A

Exhalation

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57
Q

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs

A

External respiration

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58
Q

What gas leaves air sacs and enters the bloodstream?

A

Oxygen

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59
Q

What gas leaves the bloodstream and enters air sacs?

A

Carbon dioxide

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60
Q

The exchange of O2 and carbon dioxide at the cellular level

A

Internal respiration

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61
Q

This is needed for cell metabolism and it leaves the bloodstream and is delivered to the tissues

A

Oxygen

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62
Q

This is a waste product and it leaves the tissues and enters bloodstream for disposal by the lungs

A

Carbon dioxide

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63
Q

Air enters the nasal cavity at the?

A

Nares

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64
Q

The nasal cavity is divided by the?

A

Nasal septum

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65
Q

The palate separates the nasal cavity from the?

A

Mouth

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66
Q

What lines the nasal cavity?

A

Mucous membrane

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67
Q

This secretes mucus which cleans air by trapping particles

A

Mucous membrane

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68
Q

This membrane is moist and helps moisturize the air

A

Mucous membrane

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69
Q

This is located in the membrane and warms the air as it passes through

A

Capillaries

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70
Q

This lines the nasal openings and filters the air

A

Cilia

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71
Q

This aids in sound production and voice resonance

A

Paranasal sinuses

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72
Q

The pharynx has both _____ and _____ functions

A

Respiratory and digestive

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73
Q

The pharynx is __ inches long and is divided into the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

A

5 inches

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74
Q

This is located in the pharynx and capture pathogens

A

Tonsils

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75
Q

The opening of the eustachian tube is in the?

A

Nasopharynx

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76
Q

This is a muscle structure between the pharynx and the trachea

A

Larynx

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77
Q

The larynx contains folds of tissue known as the?

A

Vocal cords

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78
Q

This is an opening between the folds that make sound by vibrating as air passes through it

A

The glottis

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79
Q

The epiglottis prevents ____ and ______ from being inhaled into the lungs

A

Food and liquid

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80
Q

The epiglottis covers the larynx and trachea during?

A

Swallowing

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81
Q

The larynx is made of _____ ______ which is held in place with ligaments and muscles

A

Cartilaginous plates

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82
Q

This is a tube composed of smooth muscle and cartilage rings

A

Trachea

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83
Q

The trachea carries air from the larynx to the main?

A

Bronchi

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84
Q

This is lined with mucous membrane and cilia which aids in cleansing, warming, and moisturizing air as it travels to the lungs

A

Trachea

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85
Q

The distal end of the trachea is divided into?

A

Left and right main bronchi

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86
Q

Each bronchus enters a ____ and continues branching

A

Lung

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87
Q

What are the narrowest branches are?

A

Bronchioles

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88
Q

What do bronchioles terminate in?

A

Alveoli

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89
Q

Pulmonary capillaries encase ______ and is the site of gas exchange

A

Alveoli

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90
Q

Each lung is a total collection of what 3 things?

A

Bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli

91
Q

What protects the lungs?

A

Pleura

92
Q

What lines the chest cavity?

A

Outer, parietal pleura

93
Q

What adheres to the lung surface?

A

The inner, visceral pleura

94
Q

The pleura forms a ___ around each lung called the pleural cavity

A

Sac

95
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have?

A

3 lobes

96
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have?

A

2 lobes

97
Q

What is the superior point of the lung?

A

Apex

98
Q

What is the broad lower area of the lung?

A

Base

99
Q

What is the entry/exit point for bronchi, vessels, and nerves?

A

Medial hilum

100
Q

This protects the lungs and mediastinum

A

Ribs

101
Q

The measurements of the volume of air flowing in and out of the lungs are used to determine?

A

Lung Capacity

102
Q

What kind of tests does a respiratory therapist use to measure lung volume?

A

Pulmonary function tests

103
Q

Volume of air moving in and out of lungs in a single relaxed breath

A

Tidal volume(TV)

104
Q

Volume of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal inhalation

A

Inspiratory reserve volume(IRV)

105
Q

Volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a forced exhalation

A

Expiratory reserve volume(ERV)

106
Q

Volume of air remaining in lungs after a forced exhalation

A

Residual volume(RV)

107
Q

Volume of air inhaled after a normal exhalation

A

Inspiratory capacity(IC)

108
Q

Amount of air that remains in the lungs after a normal exhalation

A

Functional residual capacity(FRC)

109
Q

Volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation; equal to TV + IRV + ERV

A

Vital capacity(VC)

110
Q

Volume of air in the lungs after a maximal inhalation

A

Total lung capacity(TLC)

111
Q

When the diaphragm contracts, it increases?

A

Thoracic volume

112
Q

When the diaphragm contracts, it decreases?

A

Thoracic pressure

113
Q

Air flows into the lungs to _____ the atmospheric and thoracic pressures

A

Equalize

114
Q

Intercostal muscles assist by further ______ the cavity

A

Enlarging

115
Q

When the diaphragm and intercostals relax, the thorax cavity becomes?

A

Smaller

116
Q

When the diaphragm and intercostals relax, the pressure of thoracic cavity?

A

Increases

117
Q

Air flows out in an effort to do what to atmospheric and thoracic pressures?

A

Equalize

118
Q

Unforced breaths are passive or active?

A

Passive

119
Q

Forced breaths are passive or active?

A

Active

120
Q

What is rate regulated by what in the blood?

A

Carbon dioxide

121
Q

When the carbon dioxide level is high, breathing is ____ to expel the waste

A

Rapid

122
Q

As the level drops, respiratory rate does what?

A

Decreases

123
Q

What can signal problems?

A

Altered rates

124
Q

Respirations per minute for newborns?

A

30-60 min

125
Q

Respirations per minute for 1 -year-olds?

A

18-30 min

126
Q

Respirations per minute for 16-year-olds?

A

16-20 min

127
Q

Respirations per minute for adults?

A

12-20 min

128
Q

Branch of medicine involving the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and conditions of internal organs, including the respiratory system

A

Internal Medicine

129
Q

Branch of medicine involving the diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of the ear, nose, and throat

A

ENT

130
Q

Branch of medicine involved in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the respiratory system

A

Pulmonologist

131
Q

Allied health specialty that assists patients with respiratory and cardiopulmonary disorders. They conduct pulmonary function tests, monitor O2 and CO2 levels in the blood, administer breathing treatments and manage ventilators

A

Respiratory Therapist

132
Q

Branch of medicine including the diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of the respiratory system by surgical means

A

Thoracic Surgeon

133
Q

Lack of sense of smell

A

Anosmia

134
Q

Condition of receiving almost no oxygen from inhaled air

A

Anoxia

135
Q

Condition of being unable to produce sound

A

Aphonia

136
Q

Not breathing

A

Apnea

137
Q

Lack of oxygen that can lead to unconsciousness and death if not corrected immediately

A

Asphyxia

138
Q

Withdrawing fluid from a body cavity using suction. It also refers to inhaling food, liquid, or foreign object into airways, leads to pneumonia

A

Aspiration

139
Q

Breathing too slowly ; a low respiratory rate

A

Bradypnea

140
Q

Dilated bronchus

A

Bronchiectasis

141
Q

Involuntary muscle spasm of the smooth muscle in the wall of the bronchus

A

Bronchospasm

142
Q

Abnormal widening/thickening of the ends of the fingers and toes associated with chronic oxygen deficiency

A

Clubbing

143
Q

Abnormal sound made during inspiration. Usually indicates presence of fluid or mucus in small airways

A

Crackles

144
Q

Bluish tint of skin that is receiving an insufficient amount of oxygen or circulation

A

Cyanosis

145
Q

Condition of having difficulty producing sounds or producing abnormal sounds

A

Dysphonia

146
Q

Difficult or labored breathing

A

Dyspnea

147
Q

Nosebleed

A

Epistaxis

148
Q

Normal breathing and respiratory rate

A

Eupnea

149
Q

To cough up blood or blood-stained sputum

A

Hemoptysis

150
Q

Presence of blood in the chest cavity

A

Hemothorax

151
Q

Having excessive carbon dioxide in body

A

Hypercapnia

152
Q

Breathing both too fast(tachypnea) and too deep(hypernea)

A

Hyperventilation

153
Q

Insufficient level of carbon dioxide in the body ; very serious because it’s the presence of carbon dioxide that stimulates respiration, not the absence of oxygen

A

Hypocapnia

154
Q

Breathing both too slow(bradypnea) and too shallow(hypopnea)

A

Hypoventilation

155
Q

Condition of having an insufficient amount of oxygen in the bloodstream

A

Hypoxemia

156
Q

Condition of receiving an insufficient amount of oxygen from inhaled air

A

Hypoxia

157
Q

Paralysis of the muscles controlling in the larynx

A

Laryngoplegia

158
Q

Dyspnea that is worsened by lying flat. Better to breath by sitting up. Common occurrence in pulmonary disease

A

Orthopnea

159
Q

Inflammation of all the paranasal sinuses

A

Pansinuitis

160
Q

Thick mucus is secreted by the membranes lining the respiratory tract. When phlegm is coughed through mouth, its called sputum

A

Phlegm

161
Q

Grating sound made when 2 layers of pleura rub together during respiration

A

Pleural rub

162
Q

Presence of pus in chest cavity ; indicated a bacterial infection

A

Pyothorax

163
Q

Inflammation of nasal cavity

A

Rhinitis

164
Q

Rapid flow of blood from nose

A

Rhinorrhagia

165
Q

Discharge from nose(runny nose)

A

Rhinorrhea

166
Q

hal/o

A

Breath

167
Q

-phonia

A

Voice

168
Q

Somewhat musical sound during expiration, often found in asthma or infection. Caused by spasms of the bronchial tubes(wheezing)

A

Rhonchi

169
Q

Indicates that a patient is having difficulty breathing ; also called dyspnea

A

Shortness of breath (SOB)

170
Q

Mucus or phlegm coughed up from the lining of the respiratory tract

A

Sputum

171
Q

Harsh, high pitched noisy breathing sound made when there’s an obstruction of the bronchus or larynx

A

Stridor

172
Q

Breathing fast ; a high respiratory rate

A

Tachypnea

173
Q

Chest pain. Doesn’t refer to angina pectoris

A

Thoracalgia

174
Q

Narrowing of the trachea

A

Tracheastenosis

175
Q

Acute respiratory condition found in infants and children characterized by a barking type of cough or stridor

A

Croup

176
Q

Inflammation of the larynx

A

Laryngitis

177
Q

Inflammation of nasal cavity and pharynx

A

Nasopharyngitis

178
Q

Whooping cough, due to whoop sound made when coughing. Infections bacterial diseases of the upper respiratory systems that children receive immunization against as part of their DPT shots

A

Pertussis

179
Q

Inflammation of pharynx(sore throat)

A

Pharyngitis

180
Q

Fungal infection of nasal cavity

A

Rhinomycosis

181
Q

Disease caused by allergens, resulting in constriction of bronchial airways, dyspnea, coughing, and wheezing. Can cause violent spasms of the bronchi

A

Asthma

182
Q

Abnormal enlargement of bronchi ; may be result of lung infection. Can be irreversible and result in destruction of bronchial walls

A

Bronchiectasis

183
Q

Inflammation of a bronchus

A

Bronchitis

184
Q

Acute respiratory failure in adults characterized by tachypnea, dyspnea, cyanosis, tachycardia, and hypoxemia

A

Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

185
Q

Progressive, chronic, and usually irreversible group or conditions, like emphysema, in which lungs have a diminished capacity for inspiration

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

186
Q

Hereditary condition causing exocrine glands to malfunction. Patient produces thick mucus that causes severe congestion within lungs and digestive system

A

Cystic fibrosis (CF)

187
Q

Pulmonary condition characterized by destruction of walls of alveoli, resulting in fewer overexpanded air sacs

A

Emphysema

188
Q

Lung condition found in premature infants that is characterized by tachypnea and respiratory grunting. Caused by lack of surfactant necessary to keep lungs inflated

A

Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS)

189
Q

Viral infection of respiratory system characterized by chills, fever, body aches, and fatique

A

Influenza (Flu)

190
Q

Inflammatory condition of lung that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and aspirate substances. Results in filling of alveoli and air spaces with fluid

A

Pneumonia

191
Q

Condition in which lung tissue retains excessive amount of fluid, especially in the alveoli. Results in dyspnea

A

Pulmonary edema

192
Q

Obstruction of pulmonary artery or one of its branches by an embolus. May cause infarct in lung tissue

A

Pulmonary embolism

193
Q

Formation of fibrous scar tissue in lungs that leads to decreased ability to expand lungs

A

Pulmonary fibrosis

194
Q

Acute viral respiratory infection that begins like the flu, but quickly progresses to secure dyspnea ; high fatality rate

A

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SIDS)

195
Q

Infectious disease caused by bacteria that affects respiratory system and causes inflammation and calification in lungs

A

Tuberculosis (TB)

196
Q

Testing for gases present in the blood, used to assist in determining levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood

A

Arterial blood gases (ABGs)

197
Q

Instrument to measure amount of oxygen in the bloodstream

A

Oximeter

198
Q

Measures oxygen level in blood using a device, oximeter, placed on patients fingertip or ear lobe

A

Oximetry

199
Q

Diagnostic tests that give info regarding air flow in and out of lungs, lung volumes, and gas exchange between lungs and bloodstream

A

Pulmonary function test (PFT)

200
Q

Instrument to measure lung capacity used for spirometry

A

Spirometer

201
Q

Procedure to measure lung capacity using a spirometer

A

Spirometry

202
Q

Surgical repair of bronchus

A

Bronchoplasty

203
Q

Surgical removal of larynx

A

Laryngectomy

204
Q

Surgical repair of larynx

A

Laryngoplasty

205
Q

Surgical removal of a lobe of a lung

A

Lobectomy

206
Q

Surgical removal of the pleura

A

Pluerectomy

207
Q

Inserting needle into pleural space to withdraw fluid

A

Pleurocentesis

208
Q

Surgical puncture of the chest wall for the removal of fluids

A

Thoracentesis

209
Q

Insertion of a tube into the chest cavity for the purpsoe of draining off fluid or air

A

Thoracostomy

210
Q

To cut into chest cavity

A

Thoracotomy

211
Q

Surgical procedure performed in an emergency that creates an opening directly into trachea to allow patient to breath easier

A

Tracheotomy

212
Q

Emergency treatment provided by persons trained in CPR on a given to patients when their respirations and heart stop

A

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

213
Q

Technique for removing foreign body from trachea or pharynx by exerting diaphragmatic pressure

A

Heimlich maneuver

214
Q

Use of fingertips to tap on a surface to determine the condition beneath the surface. Determined in part by the feel of the surface as it is tapped and the sound generated

A

Percussion

215
Q

Kills bacteria causing respiratory infections

A

Antibiotic

216
Q

Blocks the effect of histamine that has been released by the body during an allergy attack

A

Antihistamine

217
Q

Relives urge to cough

A

Antitussive

218
Q

Relaxed muscle spasms in bronchial tubes. Used to treat asthma

A

Bronchodilator

219
Q

Reduces inflammation and swelling in the respiratory tract

A

Corticosteriods

220
Q

Reduces stuffiness and congestion throughout respiratory

A

Decongestant

221
Q

Improves ability to cough up mucus from the respiratory tract

A

Expectorant

222
Q

Liquefies mucus so it’s easier to cough and clear it from the respiratory tract

A

Mucolytic

223
Q

Surgical removal of a lung

A

Pneumonectomy

224
Q

Plastic surgery of nose

A

Rhinoplasty