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Medical Terminology > Unit 6: Immunology, Pathology, Hematology, Lymphatic, and Immune > Flashcards

Unit 6: Immunology, Pathology, Hematology, Lymphatic, and Immune Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

agglutin/o

A

Clumping

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2
Q

bas/o

A

Base

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3
Q

chrom/o

A

Color

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4
Q

coagul/o

A

Clotting

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5
Q

cyt/o

A

Cell

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6
Q

eosin/o

A

Rosy red

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7
Q

erythr/o

A

Red

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8
Q

fibrin/o

A

Fibers

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9
Q

fus/o

A

Pouring

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10
Q

granul/o

A

Granules

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11
Q

hem/o

A

Blood

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12
Q

hemat/o

A

Blood

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13
Q

leuk/o

A

White

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14
Q

morph/o

A

Shape

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15
Q

neutr/o

A

Neutral

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16
Q

phag/o

A

Eat, swallow

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17
Q

sanguin/o

A

Blood

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18
Q

septic/o

A

Infection

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19
Q

thromb/o

A

Clot

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20
Q

-apheresis

A

Removal, carry away

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21
Q

-crit

A

Separation of

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22
Q

-cytosis

A

More than the normal number of cells

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23
Q

-emia

A

Blood condition

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24
Q

-globin

A

Protein

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25
Q

-penia

A

Too few

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26
Q

-phil

A

Attracted to

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27
Q

-poiesis

A

Formation

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28
Q

-stasis

A

Standing still

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29
Q

CBC

A

Complete blood count

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30
Q

Hct

A

Hematocrit

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31
Q

Hgb

A

Hemoglobin

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32
Q

PT

A

Prothrombin time

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33
Q

RBC

A

Red blood cell

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34
Q

WBC

A

White blood cell

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35
Q

adenoid/o

A

Adenoids

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36
Q

axill/o

A

Axilla, underarm

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37
Q

immun/o

A

Protection

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38
Q

inguin/o

A

Groin region

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39
Q

lymph/o

A

Lymph

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40
Q

lymphaden/o

A

Lymph node

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41
Q

lymphangi/o

A

Lymph vessel

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42
Q

nucle/o

A

Nucleus

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43
Q

path/o

A

Disease

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44
Q

splen/o

A

Spleen

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45
Q

thym/o

A

Thymus gland

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46
Q

tonsill/o

A

Tonsils

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47
Q

tox/o

A

Poison

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48
Q

-edema

A

Swelling

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49
Q

-globulin

A

Protein

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50
Q

AIDS

A

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

51
Q

ARC

A

Aids-related complex

52
Q

ELISA

A

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

53
Q

GVHD

A

Graft vs. host disease

54
Q

HIV

A

Human immunodeficiency virus

55
Q

A large group of conditions characterized by a reduction in the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood ; results in less oxygen reaching the tissues

A

Anemia

56
Q

Substance that prevents blood clot formation, commonly referred to as blood thinners

A

Anticoagulant

57
Q

To convert from a liquid to a gel or sold, as in blood coagulation

A

Coagulate

58
Q

Calculation of the number of blood cells in a sample of blood. Generally determined by special machine that analyze different components in a blood sample in less than a minute.

A

Complete blood count(CBC)

59
Q

The collection of blood under the skin as the result of blood escaping into the tissue from damaged blood vessels. Commonly referred to as a bruise.

A

Hematoma

60
Q

Cancer of the white blood cell-forming red bone marrow results in a large number of abnormal and immature white blood cells circulating in the blood

A

Leukemia

61
Q

Incision into a vein in order to remove blood for a diagnostic test, also called venipuncture

A

Phlemotomy

62
Q

A genetic disorder in which erythrocytes take on an abnormal curved or ‘sickle’ shape. These cells are fragile and are easily damaged, leading to a hemolytic anemia

A

Sickle Cell Anemia

63
Q

The number of red blood cells in a volume of blood, low RBC count is anemia and high RBC count is polycythemia

A

RBC Count

64
Q

The number of white blood cells in a volume of blood, low WBC count of leukopenia and high WBC count is leukocytosis

A

WBC Count

65
Q

The percentage of 5 different kinds of white blood cells in a volume of blood. Includes neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils.

A

White blood cell differential count

66
Q

Number of platelets in a volume of blood, low count is thrombocytopenia and high count is thrombocytosis

A

Platelet count

67
Q

Amount of hemoglobin found in the blood, low count is anemia and high count is polycythemia

A

Hemoglobin(Hgb)

68
Q

Percentage of space red blood cells take up in the blood, low count is anemia and high count is polycythemia

A

Hematocrit(Hct)

69
Q

Early stage of AIDS. There is a positive test for the virus, but only mild symptoms of weight loss, fatigue, skin rash, and anorexia

A

AIDS-related complex(ARC)

70
Q

Body’s response to specific pathogen, may be established either passively or actively

A

Acquired Immunity

71
Q

Disease involving a defect in the cell-mediated immunity system. A syndrome of opportunistic infections occurring in the final stage of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV), This virus attacks t4 lymphocytes and destroys them, reducing the person’s ability to fight infection

A

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

72
Q

Develops following direct exposure to pathogenic agent ; agent stimulates body’s immune response, series of different mechanisms all geared to neutralize the agent

A

Active acquired immunity

73
Q

Hypersensitivity to a common substance in the environment or a medication. The substance causing the allergic reaction is called an allergen

A

Allergy

74
Q

Life-threatening condition resulting from a severe allergic reaction. Examples of triggers: bee stings, medications, or the ingestion of foods

A

Anaphylactic shock

75
Q

Disease resulting from the body’s immune system attacking its own cells as if they were pathogens

A

Autoimmune disease

76
Q

Accumulation of excess fluid in body tissue

A

Edema

77
Q

Blood test for an antibody to the HIV virus. A positive test means that the person has been exposed to the virus.

A

Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay(ELISA)

78
Q

Virus that causes AIDS ; also known as a retrovirus

A

Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)

79
Q

Appearance of wheals as part of an allergic reaction

A

Hives

80
Q

Exposure to a weakened pathogen that stimulates the immune response and anti-body production in order to confer protection against the full-blown disease

A

Immunizations

81
Q

Having an immune system that is unable to respond properly to pathogens. Also called immundeficiency disorder

A

Immunocompromised

82
Q

The tissue’s response to injury from pathogens or physical agents. Characterized by redness, pain, swelling, and feeling hot to touch

A

Inflammation

83
Q

A tumor in lymphatic tissue

A

Lymphoma

84
Q

Form of skin cancer is frequently seen in patients with AIDS. Consists of brownish-purple papules that spread from the skin and metastasize to internal organs.

A

Kaposi’s sacroma

85
Q

Acute infectious disease with a large number of abnormal mononuclear lymphocytes. Caused by the epstein-barr virus, abnormal liver function may occurr

A

Mononucleosis

86
Q

State of being insusceptible or resistant to a noxious agent or process

A

Natural Immunity

87
Q

Infectious diseases associated with patients who have compromised immune systems and therefore a lowered resistance to infections and parasites.

A

Opportunistic Infections

88
Q

Form of allergy testing in which the body is exposed to an allergen through a light scratch on the skin

A

Scratch test

89
Q

Severe itching associated with hives, usually associated with hives, usually linked to food allergy, stress, or drug reactions

A

Uticaria

90
Q

Test used as a backup to the Elisa blood test to detect the presence of the antibody to HIV in the blood

A

Western blot test

91
Q

Lymphatic system supports which 2 systems?

A

Cardiovascular and Immune

92
Q

Lymphatic vessels form a network of _____ throughout the body?

A

Ducts

93
Q

Ducts are ______ pipes that conduct lymph toward the thoracic cavity

A

One-way

94
Q

Ducts are a low pressure system that uses ______ and ______ to prevent backflow

A

Peristalsis and valves

95
Q

Lymphatic vessels begin as very small lymph ______ in tissues

A

Capillaries

96
Q

The capillaries merge into larger lymph _____.

A

Vessels

97
Q

The vessels drain into one of two large lymphatic ducts: _____ and _____

A

Right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct

98
Q

Lymph nodes house ____ and _____ that remove pathogens and cell debris from lymph

A

Lymphocytes and antibodies

99
Q

Collection of lymphatic tissue at the back of the throat and nasal cavity, not essential organs

A

Tonsils/Adenoids

100
Q

Located in the left upper quadrant, consists of lymphatic tissue that is highly infiltrated with blood vessels

A

Spleen

101
Q

Located in the upper portion of the mediastinum, essential for immune development, secretes y=thymosin

A

Thymus gland

102
Q

Antigens stimulate the ________

A

Immune response

103
Q

Branch of medicine concerned with diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases and other disorders of the immune system

A

Immunology

104
Q

Branch of medicine concerned with determining the underlying causes and development of diseases

A

Pathology

105
Q

Type of blood cell:
- Red blood cells
- Enucleated, biconcave disks

A

Erythrocytes

106
Q

Type of blood cell:
- White blood cells
- Spherical with a large nucleus

A

Leukocytes

107
Q

Type of blood cell:
- Thrombocytes
- Critical to blood clotting

A

Platelets

108
Q

Either A or B and on the surface of erythrocytes that determine the blood type

A

Marker Proteins

109
Q

WBCs in type A blood produces

A

anti-B antibodies

110
Q

WBCs in type B blood produces

A

type B blood

111
Q

Type AB blood produces

A

no antibodies

112
Q

WBCs in Type O blood produces

A

both anti-A and anti-B antibodies

113
Q

Does Rh-positive blood have antibodies?

A

No antibodies

114
Q

Does Rh-negative blood have antibodies?

A

Yes antibodies

115
Q

What blood type is the universal donor?

A

O-

116
Q

What blood type is the universal recipient

A

AB+

117
Q

Who can AB- donate to?

A

AB+, AB-

118
Q

Who can A+ donate to?

A

A+, AB+

119
Q

Who can O+ donate to?

A

O+, A+, B+, AB+

120
Q

Thromb/o

A

Clot at its original site

121
Q

Embol/o

A

Clot that has traveled from its original site

122
Q

Clot in the brain, can be ischemic or hemorrhagic

A

Stroke

123
Q

MD who treats diseases and conditions of the blood

A

Hematologist

124
Q

Draws blood for the lab testing. Training programs are less than a year-long and require a high school diploma. Passing a certification exam improves employability.

A

Phlebotomist

Medical Terminology (10 decks)

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