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Medical Terminology > Unit 10: Urinary > Flashcards

Unit 10: Urinary Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

andr/o

A

Male

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2
Q

balan/o

A

Glans penis

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3
Q

crypt/o

A

Hidden

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4
Q

epididym/o

A

Epididymis

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5
Q

genit/o

A

Genital

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6
Q

hydr/o

A

Water

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7
Q

orch/o

A

Testes

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8
Q

orchi/o

A

Testes

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9
Q

orchid/o

A

Testes

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10
Q

pen/o

A

Penis

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11
Q

prostat/o

A

Prostate gland

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12
Q

rect/o

A

Rectum

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13
Q

sperm/o

A

Sperm

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14
Q

spermat/o

A

Sperm

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15
Q

testicul/o

A

Testicle

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16
Q

ur/o

A

Urine

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17
Q

urethr/o

A

Urethra

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18
Q

varic/o

A

Dilated vein

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19
Q

vas/o

A

Vas deferens

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20
Q

vesicul/o

A

Seminal vesicle

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21
Q

a-/an-

A

Without

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22
Q

anti-

A

Against

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23
Q

dys-

A

Abnormal, difficult

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24
Q

epi-

A

Upon

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25
Q

hyper-

A

Excessive

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26
Q

hypo-

A

Below

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27
Q

trans-

A

Across

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28
Q

-cele

A

Protrusion

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29
Q

-cide

A

To kill

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30
Q

-ectomy

A

Surgical removal

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31
Q

-gen

A

That which produces

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32
Q

-ism

A

State of

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33
Q

-lysis

A

Destruction

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34
Q

-oid

A

Resembling

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35
Q

-oma

A

Tumor

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36
Q

-ostomy

A

Create a new opening

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37
Q

-pexy

A

Surgical fixation

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38
Q

-plasia

A

Growth

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39
Q

-plasty

A

Surgical repair

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40
Q

-rrhea

A

Discharge

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41
Q

-spermia

A

Sperm condition

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42
Q

BPH

A

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

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43
Q

DRE

A

Digital rectal exam

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44
Q

GU

A

Genitourinary

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45
Q

PSA

A

Prostate-specific antigen

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46
Q

TUR

A

Transurethral resection

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47
Q

TURP

A

Transurethral resection of the prostate

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48
Q

Stone forms within an organ by an accumulation of mineral salts. Found in the kidney, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, or urethra

A

Calculus

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49
Q

Increased formation and excretion of urine

A

Diuresis

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50
Q

Greater than normal occurrence in the urge to urinate, without an increase in the total daily volume of urine. It’s an indication of inflammation of bladder or urethra

A

Frequency

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51
Q

Another term for urination

A

Micturition

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52
Q

Feeling the need to urinate immediately

A

Urgency

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53
Q

Involuntary release of urine. In some patients, an indwelling catheter is inserted into the bladder for continuous urine drainage

A

Urinary incontinence

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54
Q

Inability to fully empty the bladder, often indicates a blockage in the urethra

A

Urinary retention

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55
Q

Presence of calculi in the kidney, usually begins with the solidification of salts present in the urine

A

Nephrolithiasis

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56
Q

Renal pelvis inflammation

A

Pyelitis

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57
Q

Cancerous tumor that arises from the cells lining the bladder ; major sign is hematuria

A

Bladder cancer

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58
Q

Hernia or protrusion of the urinary bladder into the wall of the vagina

A

Cystocele

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59
Q

Infection, usually from bacteria of any organ of the urinary system. Most often begins with cystitis and may ascend into the ureters and kidneys. Common in women because of their shorter urethra

A

UTI

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60
Q

Insertion of a tube through the urethra and into the urinary bladder for the purpose of withdrawing urine or inserting dye

A

Catheterization

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61
Q

Laboratory test consisting of the physical chemical, and microscopic examination of urine

A

Urinalysis

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62
Q

Blood test to measure kidney function by the level of nitrogenous waste(urea) that is in the blood

A

Blood urea nitrogen

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63
Q

Attempt to grow bacteria on a culture medium in order to identify it and determine which antibodies it is sensitive to

A

Culture and sensitivity

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64
Q

Use of an artificial kidney machine that filters the blood of a person to remove waste products. This is lifesaving for patients with defective kidneys

A

Hemodialysis

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65
Q

Removal of toxic waste substances from the body by placing warm chemically balanced solutions into the peritoneal cavity. Wastes are filtered out of blood across the peritoneum. Used in treating renal failure and certain poisinings

A

Peritoneal dialysis

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66
Q

Use of ultrasound waves to break up stones. Process doesn’t require insave surgery

A

Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy

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67
Q

Function of the urinary system

A

To eliminate waste from the body

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68
Q

2 reddish-brown, bean-shaped organs located on either side of the vertebral column at the back of the upper abdominal cavity

A

Kidney

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69
Q

Main function of kidney

A

To filter and remove waste products from the blood

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70
Q

The kidney forms urine by the process of __________, __________, and __________

A

Filtration, reabsorption, and secretion

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71
Q

Very narrow muscular tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

A

Ureter

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72
Q

Uretur tubes are approximately __ inches in length

A

12

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73
Q

Urine is propelled through the Uretur by _________ into the bladder

A

Peristalsis

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74
Q

Hollow elastic muscular sac in pelvis cavity, temporary reservoir for urine

A

Bladder

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75
Q

The bladder can hold about __ liter of urine

A

1

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76
Q

Lies between pubic symphysis and uterus and vagina in women

A

Female bladder

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77
Q

Lies between the pubic symphysis and rectum

A

Male bladder

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78
Q

Urine exits the body through a mucous membrane-lined tube that leads from bladder to exterior of body, external opening of the urethra is called the urinary meatus

A

Urethra

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79
Q

Male urethra is about __-__ inches long and carries both urine and semen

A

7-8 inches

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80
Q

Femal urethra is about __-__ inches long and only expels urine from bladder

A

1-2 inches

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81
Q

A stage of urine production that filters blood and occurs in kidney

A

Filtration(1st stage of urine production)

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82
Q

Process of removing water, sugar, amino acids, electrolytes, and other materials from the blood

A

Filtration(1st stage of urine production)

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83
Q

A stage of urine production that begins after filtration when filtrate moves through kidney tubules

A

Reabsorption(2nd stage of urine production)

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84
Q

Most water and some desirable substances(glucose/amino acids) are reabsorbed into the bloodstream

A

Reabsorption(2nd stage of urine production)

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85
Q

A stage of urine production when special cells in kidney secrete ______, ___ ______, and _______ ______.

A

Ammonia, uric acid, and other substances

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86
Q

The final stage of urine production that indicates urine formation is now finished

A

Secretion(Last stage of urine production)

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87
Q

Urology

A

Study of urine

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88
Q

Nephrology

A

Study of kidneys

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89
Q

2 main functions of male reproductive system

A

Produce sperm and secrete male sex hormone

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90
Q

2 main organs of male reproductive system

A

Penis and 2 testes

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91
Q

Oval in shape ; produce sperm and testoreone

A

Testes/testicles

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92
Q

Male reproductive cell that contains DNA ; must be maintained at proper temp for sperm to survive, achieved by placement of testes suspended in scrotum, a sac outside of the body

A

Sperm

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93
Q

Male sex hormone produced by testes ; responsible for development of male reproductive organs, sperm, and secondary sex characteristics

A

Testosterone

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94
Q

Male sex organ containing erectile tissue encased in skin, delivers semen to female vagina

A

Penis

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95
Q

Extends from urinary bladder to external opening in penis, urinary meatus, and serves dual function- elimination or urine and ejaculation of semen

A

Urethra

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96
Q

Mixture of sperm and fluid

A

Semen

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97
Q

Single gland located just below urinary bladder ; surrounds urethra and when enlarged can cause difficulty in urination

A

Prostate gland

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98
Q

Secretes alkaline fluid that assists in keeping sperm alive by neutralizing pH of urethra and vagina

A

Prostate gland

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99
Q

Medical doctor that treats conditions of the male and female urinary tract

A

Urologist

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100
Q

Condition of having no sperm

A

Aspermia

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101
Q

Inability to father children due to a problem with spermatogenesis

A

Sterility

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102
Q

Accumulation of fluid around testes or along spermatic cord

A

Hydrocele

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103
Q

Twisting of the spermatic cord

A

Testicular torsion

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104
Q

Enlargement of the veins of the spermatic cord that commonly occurs on the left side of adolescent males

A

Variocele

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105
Q

Failure of the testes to descend into the scrotal sac before birth. Failure of testes to descend could result in sterility in male or an increased risk of testicular cancer

A

Cryptorchidism

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106
Q

For cryptorchidism, a surgical procedure called ________ may be required to bring the testes down into the scrotum permanently.

A

Orchidopexy

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107
Q

Noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland commonly seen in males over age 50

A

Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)

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108
Q

Surgical removal of the end of the prepuce or foreskin of the penis. Generally performed on the newborn male at the request of the parents. Primary reason is for ease of hygiene. It’s also a ritual practice in some religions.

A

Circumcision

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109
Q

Bacterial infection causing genital inflammation in males and females. Can lead to pelvic inflammatory diseases in females and eventual infertility.

A

Chlamydia

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110
Q

Spreading skin disease that can appear like a blister or vesicle on the genital region of males and females ; may spread to other areas of body. Caused by a sexually transmitted virus

A

Genital herpes

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111
Q

Sexually transmitted inflammation of mucous membranes of either sex ; can be passed on to infant during birth process

A

Gonorrhea

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112
Q

Removal of a segment or all of the vas deferens to prevent sperm from leaving the male body. Used for contraception purposes.

A

Vasectomy

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113
Q

There are __ ovaries located on each side of the uterus

A

2

114
Q

Glands that produce ova(eggs) and female sex hormones(estrogen and progesterone)

A

Ovaries

115
Q

Female sex cell that contains DNA and combines with sperm

A

Ova/Ovum

116
Q

Release of a mature ovum from the ovary

A

Ovulation

117
Q

The fallopian tubes are approximately ___ inches long and runs from ovary to either side of uterus

A

5

118
Q

Transports mature egg from ovary to the uterus- the site of fertilization

A

Fallopian tubes

119
Q

Union of egg and sperm cell

A

Fertilization

120
Q

Hollow, pear-shaped organ that contains thick muscular wall, mucous membrane lining, and rich blood supply

A

Uterus

121
Q

Holds the developing fetus after fertilization

A

Uterus

122
Q

Lower portion of uterus also called neck of uterus which opens into vagina

A

Cervix

123
Q

Lining inside uterine wall that contains rich blood supply, reacts to hormonal changes every month that prepare it to receive fertilized ovum.

A

Endometrium

124
Q

In normal pregnancy, fertilized ovum implants in endometrium and provides _______ and _______ for developing baby.

A

Nourishment and protection

125
Q

If pregnancy is not established, endometrium is sloughed off, resulting in ________.

A

Menstruation

126
Q

Muscular tube lined with mucous membrane and extends from cervix to outside of body

A

Vagina

127
Q

Allows for passage of menstral flow. During intercourse, recieves penis and semen and serves as birth control for baby

A

Vagina

128
Q

General term that refers to group of structures that make up female external genitalia

A

Vulva

129
Q

A mammary gland responsible for lactation(production of milk to nourish newborn)

A

Breasts

130
Q

The mammary glands compose of 3 tissues: ______, ______, and _______

A

Adipose, connective, and glandular

131
Q

Surgical removal of a tumor and immediate surround tissue

A

Lumpectomy

132
Q

Surgical removal of the breast

A

Mastectomy

133
Q

Normal length of time for gestation is __ weeks

A

40

134
Q

Baby born before ___weeks is considered premature

A

37

135
Q

From time fertilized egg implants in uterus until approximate end of __th week, infant is referred to as embryo

A

8

136
Q

During pregnancy, ____ major organs and body systems are formed

A

All

137
Q

From ___ weeks to birth, infant is called a fetus

A

9

138
Q

Fetus received nourishment from its mother by way of _______

A

Placenta

139
Q

Spongy blood-filled organ that forms in uterus next to fetus

A

Placenta

140
Q

The baby is attached to mother by _______ ____

A

Umbilical cord

141
Q

Fetus is surrounded by sac that holds ______ ____ in which the fetus floats and protects fetus

A

Amniotic fluid

142
Q

Pain caused by kidney stone, can be an excrutiating pain and generally requires medical treatment

A

Renal colic

143
Q

Closes to keep urine from escaping

A

Sphincter

144
Q

Medical doctor specoalizing in the treatment of such things as renal failure, kidney transplants, dialysis, and other kidney diseases

A

Nephrologist

145
Q

Common infection that can cause painful blisters and ulcers on the genitals

A

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-2)

146
Q

Viral infection that commonly causes skin or mucous membrane growth(warts).

A

Humanopapilloma Virus

147
Q

Deals with childbirth and with the care of women before, during, and after chilbirth

A

Obstetrics

148
Q

Deals with the diseases and routine physical care of the reproductive system of women.

A

Gynecology

149
Q

abdomin/o

A

Abdomen

150
Q

amni/o

A

Amnion

151
Q

bi/o

A

Life

152
Q

carcin/o

A

Cancer

153
Q

cervic/o

A

Cervix

154
Q

chori/o

A

Chorion

155
Q

colp/o

A

Vagina

156
Q

culd/o

A

cul-de-sac

157
Q

cyste/o

A

Bladder, pouch

158
Q

embry/o

A

Embryo

159
Q

episi/o

A

Vulva

160
Q

fet/o

A

Fetus

161
Q

fibr/o

A

Fibers

162
Q

gynec/o

A

Woman

163
Q

hem/o

A

Blood

164
Q

hemat/o

A

Blood

165
Q

hymen/o

A

Hymen

166
Q

hyster/o

A

Uterus

167
Q

lact/o

A

Milk

168
Q

lapar/o

A

Abdomen

169
Q

mamm/o

A

Breast

170
Q

mast/o

A

Breast

171
Q

men/o

A

Menstruation

172
Q

metr/o

A

Uterus

173
Q

nat/o

A

Birth

174
Q

ovari/o

A

Ovary

175
Q

pelv/o

A

Pelvis

176
Q

perine/o

A

Perineum

177
Q

salping/o

A

Uterine tube

178
Q

son/o

A

Sound

179
Q

tox/o

A

Poisin

180
Q

uter/o

A

Uterus

181
Q

vagin/o

A

Vagina

182
Q

a-

A

Withou

183
Q

ante-

A

Before

184
Q

bi-

A

Two

185
Q

contra-

A

Against

186
Q

dys-

A

Abnormal, difficult

187
Q

endo-

A

Within

188
Q

in-

A

Not

189
Q

intra-

A

Inside

190
Q

multi-

A

Many

191
Q

neo-

A

New

192
Q

nulli-

A

None

193
Q

peri-

A

Around

194
Q

post-

A

After

195
Q

pre-

A

Before

196
Q

primi-

A

First

197
Q

pseudo-

A

False

198
Q

ultra-

A

Beyond

199
Q

-algia

A

Pain

200
Q

-cele

A

Protrusion

201
Q

-centesis

A

Puncture to withdraw fluid

202
Q

-cyesis

A

Pregnancy

203
Q

-ectomy

A

Surgical removal

204
Q

-gram

A

Record

205
Q

-graphy

A

Process of recording

206
Q

-gravida

A

Pregnancy

207
Q

-nic

A

Pertaining to

208
Q

-oid

A

Resembling

209
Q

-oma

A

Tumor

210
Q

-opsy

A

To view

211
Q

-para

A

To bear

212
Q

-partum

A

Childbirth

213
Q

-pexy

A

Surgical fixation

214
Q

-rrhagia

A

Abnormal flow condition

215
Q

-rrhaphy

A

Abnormal flow condition

216
Q

-rrhaphy

A

Suture

217
Q

-rrhea

A

Discharge

218
Q

-rrhexis

A

Rupture

219
Q

-salpinx

A

Uterine tube

220
Q

-scope

A

Instrument for viewing

221
Q

-scopy

A

Process of viewing

222
Q

-tocia

A

Labor and childbirth

223
Q

AB

A

Abortion

224
Q

AI

A

Artificial insemination

225
Q

BSE

A

Breast self-examination

226
Q

CS

A

Cesarean section(C-section)

227
Q

Cx

A

Cervic

228
Q

D & C

A

Dilation and curettage

229
Q

EMB

A

Endometrial biopsy

230
Q

ERT

A

Estrogen replacement therapy

231
Q

FEKG

A

Fetal electrocardiogram

232
Q

FSH

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone

233
Q

GYN

A

Gynecology

234
Q

HPV

A

Human papilloma virus

235
Q

IUD

A

Intrauterine device

236
Q

IVF

A

In vitro fertilization

237
Q

LBW

A

Low birth weight

238
Q

LH

A

Luteinizing hormone

239
Q

LMP

A

Last menstrual period

240
Q

NB

A

Newborn

241
Q

OB

A

Obstetrics

242
Q

PID

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease

243
Q

PMS

A

Premenstrual syndrome

244
Q

TAH

A

Total abdominal hysterectomy

245
Q

TSS

A

Toxic shock syndrome

246
Q

UC

A

Uterine contractions

247
Q

TVH

A

Total vaginal hysterectomy

248
Q

dilat/o

A

Dilate

249
Q

estr/o

A

Estrogen

250
Q

o/o

A

Egg/ovum

251
Q

ov/o, ov/i

A

Egg/ovum

252
Q

radic/o

A

Nerve root

253
Q

-arche

A

Beginning

254
Q

-genesis

A

Producing

255
Q

A physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions involving newborns

A

Neonatologist

256
Q

Condition of having no menstrual flow

A

Amenorrhea

257
Q

Maligant growth in the cervix. Some cases caused by HPV. An especially difficult type of cancer to treat that causes 5% of the cancer deaths in women. Pap smear tests help detect early cervical cancer

A

Cervical cancer

258
Q

Symptoms that develop just prior to the onset of a menstrual period, which can include irritability, headache, tender breasts, and anxiety.

A

PMS

259
Q

Fallen uterus that can cause the cervix to protrude through the vaginal opening. Generally caused by weakened muscles from vaginal delivery or as the result of pelvic tumors pressing down.

A

Prolapsed uterus

260
Q

Hernia or outpouching of the bladder that protrudes into the vagina. May cause urinary frequency and urgency.

A

Cystocele

261
Q

Protrusion or herniation of the rectum into the vagina.

A

Retrocele

262
Q

Rare and sometimes fatal staphylococcus infection that generally occurs in menstruating women. Initial infection of the vagina is associated with prolonged wearing of a super-absorbent tampon.

A

Toxic shock syndrome(TSS)

263
Q

Abnormal condition of endometrium tissue appearing throughout the pelvis or on the abdominal wall. This tissue is normally found within the uterus.

A

Endometriosis

264
Q

Chronic or acute infection, usually bacterial, that has ascended through the female reproductive organs and out into the pelvic cavity. May result in scarring that interferes with fertility.

A

PID

265
Q

A condition in which a type of yeast grows out of control in moist skin areas of the body. It’s usually a result of weakened immune system but can be a side effect of chemotherapy.

A

Candidiasis

266
Q

Further worsening of preclampsia symptoms with the addition of seizures and coma ; may occur between 20th week or pregnancy and up to 6 weeks post partum

A

Eclampsia

267
Q

Benign cysts forming in the breast

A

Fibrocystic breast disease

268
Q

Condition developing in the baby when the mothers blood type is Rh-negative and baby’s blood is Rh-positive. Antibodies in the mothers blood enter the fetus’s blood stream through the placenta and destroy the fetus red blood cell, causing anemia, jaundice, and enlargement of spleen

A

HDN

269
Q

Inability to produce children. Generally defined as no pregnancy after properly timed intercourse for 1 year.

A

Infertility

270
Q

Placenta that is implanted in the lower portion of the uterus and blocks the birth canal.

A

Placenta previa

271
Q

Nonviable intrauterine pregnancy up to 20 weeks gestation

A

Miscarriage

272
Q

Birth in which a viable and aged fetus dies shortly before or at the time of delivery

A

Stillbirth

273
Q

Test for early detection of cancer of the cervix. A scraping of the cells is removed from the cervix for examination under a microscope.

A

Pap smear

274
Q

A procedure in which eggs are removed from a womans ovary and combined with sperm outside the body to form embryos. The embryos are grown in the laboratory for several days then placed in a womans uterus or is frozen

A

IVF

275
Q

Puncturing for the amniotic sac using a needle and syringe for the purpose of withdrawing amniotic fluid for testing. Can assist in determining fetal maturity, development, and genetic disorders.

A

Amniocentesis

276
Q

Evaluation of a neonate’s adjustment to the outside world. Observes color, heart rate, muscle tone, respiratory rate, and response to stimulus at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth

A

Agpar Score

277
Q

Agpar score is a response to stimulus at __ minute and __ minutes after birth

A

1 minutes to 5 minutes

278
Q

Intrauterine device is a form of birth control that a healthcare provider inserts into your uterus, can prevent pregnancy for up to 10 years and can be removed any time

A

IUD

279
Q

Surgical delivery of baby through incision into abdominal and uterine walls

A

CS/C-section

280
Q

Surgical tying off of fallopian tubes to prevent conception from taking place ; results in sterilization of female

A

Tubal ligation

281
Q

A surgery done by entering through the abdomen and the uterus and both ovaries are removed.

A

TAH-BSO

Medical Terminology (10 decks)

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