Unit 10: Urinary Flashcards
1
Q
andr/o
A
Male
2
Q
balan/o
A
Glans penis
3
Q
crypt/o
A
Hidden
4
Q
epididym/o
A
Epididymis
5
Q
genit/o
A
Genital
6
Q
hydr/o
A
Water
7
Q
orch/o
A
Testes
8
Q
orchi/o
A
Testes
9
Q
orchid/o
A
Testes
10
Q
pen/o
A
Penis
11
Q
prostat/o
A
Prostate gland
12
Q
rect/o
A
Rectum
13
Q
sperm/o
A
Sperm
14
Q
spermat/o
A
Sperm
15
Q
testicul/o
A
Testicle
16
Q
ur/o
A
Urine
17
Q
urethr/o
A
Urethra
18
Q
varic/o
A
Dilated vein
19
Q
vas/o
A
Vas deferens
20
Q
vesicul/o
A
Seminal vesicle
21
Q
a-/an-
A
Without
22
Q
anti-
A
Against
23
Q
dys-
A
Abnormal, difficult
24
Q
epi-
A
Upon
25
hyper-
Excessive
26
hypo-
Below
27
trans-
Across
28
-cele
Protrusion
29
-cide
To kill
30
-ectomy
Surgical removal
31
-gen
That which produces
32
-ism
State of
33
-lysis
Destruction
34
-oid
Resembling
35
-oma
Tumor
36
-ostomy
Create a new opening
37
-pexy
Surgical fixation
38
-plasia
Growth
39
-plasty
Surgical repair
40
-rrhea
Discharge
41
-spermia
Sperm condition
42
BPH
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
43
DRE
Digital rectal exam
44
GU
Genitourinary
45
PSA
Prostate-specific antigen
46
TUR
Transurethral resection
47
TURP
Transurethral resection of the prostate
48
Stone forms within an organ by an accumulation of mineral salts. Found in the kidney, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, or urethra
Calculus
49
Increased formation and excretion of urine
Diuresis
50
Greater than normal occurrence in the urge to urinate, without an increase in the total daily volume of urine. It's an indication of inflammation of bladder or urethra
Frequency
51
Another term for urination
Micturition
52
Feeling the need to urinate immediately
Urgency
53
Involuntary release of urine. In some patients, an indwelling catheter is inserted into the bladder for continuous urine drainage
Urinary incontinence
54
Inability to fully empty the bladder, often indicates a blockage in the urethra
Urinary retention
55
Presence of calculi in the kidney, usually begins with the solidification of salts present in the urine
Nephrolithiasis
56
Renal pelvis inflammation
Pyelitis
57
Cancerous tumor that arises from the cells lining the bladder ; major sign is hematuria
Bladder cancer
58
Hernia or protrusion of the urinary bladder into the wall of the vagina
Cystocele
59
Infection, usually from bacteria of any organ of the urinary system. Most often begins with cystitis and may ascend into the ureters and kidneys. Common in women because of their shorter urethra
UTI
60
Insertion of a tube through the urethra and into the urinary bladder for the purpose of withdrawing urine or inserting dye
Catheterization
61
Laboratory test consisting of the physical chemical, and microscopic examination of urine
Urinalysis
62
Blood test to measure kidney function by the level of nitrogenous waste(urea) that is in the blood
Blood urea nitrogen
63
Attempt to grow bacteria on a culture medium in order to identify it and determine which antibodies it is sensitive to
Culture and sensitivity
64
Use of an artificial kidney machine that filters the blood of a person to remove waste products. This is lifesaving for patients with defective kidneys
Hemodialysis
65
Removal of toxic waste substances from the body by placing warm chemically balanced solutions into the peritoneal cavity. Wastes are filtered out of blood across the peritoneum. Used in treating renal failure and certain poisinings
Peritoneal dialysis
66
Use of ultrasound waves to break up stones. Process doesn't require insave surgery
Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy
67
Function of the urinary system
To eliminate waste from the body
68
2 reddish-brown, bean-shaped organs located on either side of the vertebral column at the back of the upper abdominal cavity
Kidney
69
Main function of kidney
To filter and remove waste products from the blood
70
The kidney forms urine by the process of __________, __________, and __________
Filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
71
Very narrow muscular tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
Ureter
72
Uretur tubes are approximately __ inches in length
12
73
Urine is propelled through the Uretur by _________ into the bladder
Peristalsis
74
Hollow elastic muscular sac in pelvis cavity, temporary reservoir for urine
Bladder
75
The bladder can hold about __ liter of urine
1
76
Lies between pubic symphysis and uterus and vagina in women
Female bladder
77
Lies between the pubic symphysis and rectum
Male bladder
78
Urine exits the body through a mucous membrane-lined tube that leads from bladder to exterior of body, external opening of the urethra is called the urinary meatus
Urethra
79
Male urethra is about __-__ inches long and carries both urine and semen
7-8 inches
80
Femal urethra is about __-__ inches long and only expels urine from bladder
1-2 inches
81
A stage of urine production that filters blood and occurs in kidney
Filtration(1st stage of urine production)
82
Process of removing water, sugar, amino acids, electrolytes, and other materials from the blood
Filtration(1st stage of urine production)
83
A stage of urine production that begins after filtration when filtrate moves through kidney tubules
Reabsorption(2nd stage of urine production)
84
Most water and some desirable substances(glucose/amino acids) are reabsorbed into the bloodstream
Reabsorption(2nd stage of urine production)
85
A stage of urine production when special cells in kidney secrete ______, ___ ______, and _______ ______.
Ammonia, uric acid, and other substances
86
The final stage of urine production that indicates urine formation is now finished
Secretion(Last stage of urine production)
87
Urology
Study of urine
88
Nephrology
Study of kidneys
89
2 main functions of male reproductive system
Produce sperm and secrete male sex hormone
90
2 main organs of male reproductive system
Penis and 2 testes
91
Oval in shape ; produce sperm and testoreone
Testes/testicles
92
Male reproductive cell that contains DNA ; must be maintained at proper temp for sperm to survive, achieved by placement of testes suspended in scrotum, a sac outside of the body
Sperm
93
Male sex hormone produced by testes ; responsible for development of male reproductive organs, sperm, and secondary sex characteristics
Testosterone
94
Male sex organ containing erectile tissue encased in skin, delivers semen to female vagina
Penis
95
Extends from urinary bladder to external opening in penis, urinary meatus, and serves dual function- elimination or urine and ejaculation of semen
Urethra
96
Mixture of sperm and fluid
Semen
97
Single gland located just below urinary bladder ; surrounds urethra and when enlarged can cause difficulty in urination
Prostate gland
98
Secretes alkaline fluid that assists in keeping sperm alive by neutralizing pH of urethra and vagina
Prostate gland
99
Medical doctor that treats conditions of the male and female urinary tract
Urologist
100
Condition of having no sperm
Aspermia
101
Inability to father children due to a problem with spermatogenesis
Sterility
102
Accumulation of fluid around testes or along spermatic cord
Hydrocele
103
Twisting of the spermatic cord
Testicular torsion
104
Enlargement of the veins of the spermatic cord that commonly occurs on the left side of adolescent males
Variocele
105
Failure of the testes to descend into the scrotal sac before birth. Failure of testes to descend could result in sterility in male or an increased risk of testicular cancer
Cryptorchidism
106
For cryptorchidism, a surgical procedure called ________ may be required to bring the testes down into the scrotum permanently.
Orchidopexy
107
Noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland commonly seen in males over age 50
Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)
108
Surgical removal of the end of the prepuce or foreskin of the penis. Generally performed on the newborn male at the request of the parents. Primary reason is for ease of hygiene. It's also a ritual practice in some religions.
Circumcision
109
Bacterial infection causing genital inflammation in males and females. Can lead to pelvic inflammatory diseases in females and eventual infertility.
Chlamydia
110
Spreading skin disease that can appear like a blister or vesicle on the genital region of males and females ; may spread to other areas of body. Caused by a sexually transmitted virus
Genital herpes
111
Sexually transmitted inflammation of mucous membranes of either sex ; can be passed on to infant during birth process
Gonorrhea
112
Removal of a segment or all of the vas deferens to prevent sperm from leaving the male body. Used for contraception purposes.
Vasectomy
113
There are __ ovaries located on each side of the uterus
2
114
Glands that produce ova(eggs) and female sex hormones(estrogen and progesterone)
Ovaries
115
Female sex cell that contains DNA and combines with sperm
Ova/Ovum
116
Release of a mature ovum from the ovary
Ovulation
117
The fallopian tubes are approximately ___ inches long and runs from ovary to either side of uterus
5
118
Transports mature egg from ovary to the uterus- the site of fertilization
Fallopian tubes
119
Union of egg and sperm cell
Fertilization
120
Hollow, pear-shaped organ that contains thick muscular wall, mucous membrane lining, and rich blood supply
Uterus
121
Holds the developing fetus after fertilization
Uterus
122
Lower portion of uterus also called neck of uterus which opens into vagina
Cervix
123
Lining inside uterine wall that contains rich blood supply, reacts to hormonal changes every month that prepare it to receive fertilized ovum.
Endometrium
124
In normal pregnancy, fertilized ovum implants in endometrium and provides _______ and _______ for developing baby.
Nourishment and protection
125
If pregnancy is not established, endometrium is sloughed off, resulting in ________.
Menstruation
126
Muscular tube lined with mucous membrane and extends from cervix to outside of body
Vagina
127
Allows for passage of menstral flow. During intercourse, recieves penis and semen and serves as birth control for baby
Vagina
128
General term that refers to group of structures that make up female external genitalia
Vulva
129
A mammary gland responsible for lactation(production of milk to nourish newborn)
Breasts
130
The mammary glands compose of 3 tissues: ______, ______, and _______
Adipose, connective, and glandular
131
Surgical removal of a tumor and immediate surround tissue
Lumpectomy
132
Surgical removal of the breast
Mastectomy
133
Normal length of time for gestation is __ weeks
40
134
Baby born before ___weeks is considered premature
37
135
From time fertilized egg implants in uterus until approximate end of __th week, infant is referred to as embryo
8
136
During pregnancy, ____ major organs and body systems are formed
All
137
From ___ weeks to birth, infant is called a fetus
9
138
Fetus received nourishment from its mother by way of _______
Placenta
139
Spongy blood-filled organ that forms in uterus next to fetus
Placenta
140
The baby is attached to mother by _______ ____
Umbilical cord
141
Fetus is surrounded by sac that holds ______ ____ in which the fetus floats and protects fetus
Amniotic fluid
142
Pain caused by kidney stone, can be an excrutiating pain and generally requires medical treatment
Renal colic
143
Closes to keep urine from escaping
Sphincter
144
Medical doctor specoalizing in the treatment of such things as renal failure, kidney transplants, dialysis, and other kidney diseases
Nephrologist
145
Common infection that can cause painful blisters and ulcers on the genitals
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-2)
146
Viral infection that commonly causes skin or mucous membrane growth(warts).
Humanopapilloma Virus
147
Deals with childbirth and with the care of women before, during, and after chilbirth
Obstetrics
148
Deals with the diseases and routine physical care of the reproductive system of women.
Gynecology
149
abdomin/o
Abdomen
150
amni/o
Amnion
151
bi/o
Life
152
carcin/o
Cancer
153
cervic/o
Cervix
154
chori/o
Chorion
155
colp/o
Vagina
156
culd/o
cul-de-sac
157
cyste/o
Bladder, pouch
158
embry/o
Embryo
159
episi/o
Vulva
160
fet/o
Fetus
161
fibr/o
Fibers
162
gynec/o
Woman
163
hem/o
Blood
164
hemat/o
Blood
165
hymen/o
Hymen
166
hyster/o
Uterus
167
lact/o
Milk
168
lapar/o
Abdomen
169
mamm/o
Breast
170
mast/o
Breast
171
men/o
Menstruation
172
metr/o
Uterus
173
nat/o
Birth
174
ovari/o
Ovary
175
pelv/o
Pelvis
176
perine/o
Perineum
177
salping/o
Uterine tube
178
son/o
Sound
179
tox/o
Poisin
180
uter/o
Uterus
181
vagin/o
Vagina
182
a-
Withou
183
ante-
Before
184
bi-
Two
185
contra-
Against
186
dys-
Abnormal, difficult
187
endo-
Within
188
in-
Not
189
intra-
Inside
190
multi-
Many
191
neo-
New
192
nulli-
None
193
peri-
Around
194
post-
After
195
pre-
Before
196
primi-
First
197
pseudo-
False
198
ultra-
Beyond
199
-algia
Pain
200
-cele
Protrusion
201
-centesis
Puncture to withdraw fluid
202
-cyesis
Pregnancy
203
-ectomy
Surgical removal
204
-gram
Record
205
-graphy
Process of recording
206
-gravida
Pregnancy
207
-nic
Pertaining to
208
-oid
Resembling
209
-oma
Tumor
210
-opsy
To view
211
-para
To bear
212
-partum
Childbirth
213
-pexy
Surgical fixation
214
-rrhagia
Abnormal flow condition
215
-rrhaphy
Abnormal flow condition
216
-rrhaphy
Suture
217
-rrhea
Discharge
218
-rrhexis
Rupture
219
-salpinx
Uterine tube
220
-scope
Instrument for viewing
221
-scopy
Process of viewing
222
-tocia
Labor and childbirth
223
AB
Abortion
224
AI
Artificial insemination
225
BSE
Breast self-examination
226
CS
Cesarean section(C-section)
227
Cx
Cervic
228
D & C
Dilation and curettage
229
EMB
Endometrial biopsy
230
ERT
Estrogen replacement therapy
231
FEKG
Fetal electrocardiogram
232
FSH
Follicle-stimulating hormone
233
GYN
Gynecology
234
HPV
Human papilloma virus
235
IUD
Intrauterine device
236
IVF
In vitro fertilization
237
LBW
Low birth weight
238
LH
Luteinizing hormone
239
LMP
Last menstrual period
240
NB
Newborn
241
OB
Obstetrics
242
PID
Pelvic inflammatory disease
243
PMS
Premenstrual syndrome
244
TAH
Total abdominal hysterectomy
245
TSS
Toxic shock syndrome
246
UC
Uterine contractions
247
TVH
Total vaginal hysterectomy
248
dilat/o
Dilate
249
estr/o
Estrogen
250
o/o
Egg/ovum
251
ov/o, ov/i
Egg/ovum
252
radic/o
Nerve root
253
-arche
Beginning
254
-genesis
Producing
255
A physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions involving newborns
Neonatologist
256
Condition of having no menstrual flow
Amenorrhea
257
Maligant growth in the cervix. Some cases caused by HPV. An especially difficult type of cancer to treat that causes 5% of the cancer deaths in women. Pap smear tests help detect early cervical cancer
Cervical cancer
258
Symptoms that develop just prior to the onset of a menstrual period, which can include irritability, headache, tender breasts, and anxiety.
PMS
259
Fallen uterus that can cause the cervix to protrude through the vaginal opening. Generally caused by weakened muscles from vaginal delivery or as the result of pelvic tumors pressing down.
Prolapsed uterus
260
Hernia or outpouching of the bladder that protrudes into the vagina. May cause urinary frequency and urgency.
Cystocele
261
Protrusion or herniation of the rectum into the vagina.
Retrocele
262
Rare and sometimes fatal staphylococcus infection that generally occurs in menstruating women. Initial infection of the vagina is associated with prolonged wearing of a super-absorbent tampon.
Toxic shock syndrome(TSS)
263
Abnormal condition of endometrium tissue appearing throughout the pelvis or on the abdominal wall. This tissue is normally found within the uterus.
Endometriosis
264
Chronic or acute infection, usually bacterial, that has ascended through the female reproductive organs and out into the pelvic cavity. May result in scarring that interferes with fertility.
PID
265
A condition in which a type of yeast grows out of control in moist skin areas of the body. It's usually a result of weakened immune system but can be a side effect of chemotherapy.
Candidiasis
266
Further worsening of preclampsia symptoms with the addition of seizures and coma ; may occur between 20th week or pregnancy and up to 6 weeks post partum
Eclampsia
267
Benign cysts forming in the breast
Fibrocystic breast disease
268
Condition developing in the baby when the mothers blood type is Rh-negative and baby's blood is Rh-positive. Antibodies in the mothers blood enter the fetus's blood stream through the placenta and destroy the fetus red blood cell, causing anemia, jaundice, and enlargement of spleen
HDN
269
Inability to produce children. Generally defined as no pregnancy after properly timed intercourse for 1 year.
Infertility
270
Placenta that is implanted in the lower portion of the uterus and blocks the birth canal.
Placenta previa
271
Nonviable intrauterine pregnancy up to 20 weeks gestation
Miscarriage
272
Birth in which a viable and aged fetus dies shortly before or at the time of delivery
Stillbirth
273
Test for early detection of cancer of the cervix. A scraping of the cells is removed from the cervix for examination under a microscope.
Pap smear
274
A procedure in which eggs are removed from a womans ovary and combined with sperm outside the body to form embryos. The embryos are grown in the laboratory for several days then placed in a womans uterus or is frozen
IVF
275
Puncturing for the amniotic sac using a needle and syringe for the purpose of withdrawing amniotic fluid for testing. Can assist in determining fetal maturity, development, and genetic disorders.
Amniocentesis
276
Evaluation of a neonate's adjustment to the outside world. Observes color, heart rate, muscle tone, respiratory rate, and response to stimulus at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth
Agpar Score
277
Agpar score is a response to stimulus at __ minute and __ minutes after birth
1 minutes to 5 minutes
278
Intrauterine device is a form of birth control that a healthcare provider inserts into your uterus, can prevent pregnancy for up to 10 years and can be removed any time
IUD
279
Surgical delivery of baby through incision into abdominal and uterine walls
CS/C-section
280
Surgical tying off of fallopian tubes to prevent conception from taking place ; results in sterilization of female
Tubal ligation
281
A surgery done by entering through the abdomen and the uterus and both ovaries are removed.
TAH-BSO
