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Medical Terminology > Unit 4: Musculoskeletal System- Skeletal System Notes > Flashcards

Unit 4: Musculoskeletal System- Skeletal System Notes Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Number of bones the adult skeletal system has

A

206

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2
Q

Produces ______ ; stores ______

A

blood cells; minerals

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3
Q

Located in the bones and produce blood cells

A

Bone marrow

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4
Q

Protects organs and stores minerals

A

The skeleton

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5
Q

Give the skeleton flexibility

A

Joints

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6
Q

Bones are held together at joints by _______

A

Ligaments

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7
Q

Bones are also called?

A

Osseous tissue

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8
Q

Bones longer than wide, ex: femur, humerus

A

Long Bones

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9
Q

Bones roughly as long as wide, ex: carpals, tarsals

A

Short Bones

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10
Q

Bones plate-shaped, ex: sternum, scapula, pelvis

A

Irregular Bones

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11
Q

Central shaft and contains the medullary cavity

A

Diaphysis

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12
Q

Wide portion at either end of the bone

A

Epiphysis

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13
Q

Covers the epiphysis

A

Articular cartilage

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14
Q

Covers the rest of the bone

A

Periosteum

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15
Q

Hard exterior of bone; found in the epiphysis and diaphysis

A

Compact/Cortical bone

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16
Q

Found inside the bone; has spaces containing red bone marrow, found in some parts of all bones

A

Cancellous/spongy bone

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17
Q

Skeleton that contains bones of the head, neck, spine, chest, and trunk

A

Avial skeleton

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18
Q

Protects brain, eyes, ears, nasal cavity, and oral cavity

A

Skull

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19
Q

Encases brain with collection of irregularly shaped bones and provides attachment for chewing and head muscles

A

Cranium

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20
Q

Moveable lower jaw

A

Mandible

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21
Q

Fixed upper jaw

A

Maxilla

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22
Q

Cheeks

A

Zygomatic bones

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23
Q

Parts of the nasal septum

A

Vomer

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24
Q

Single U-shaped bone; found in neck between mandible and larynx, provides a point of attachment for swallowing and speech muscles

A

Hyoid

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25
Q

In the neck region; #C1-C7

A

Cervical

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26
Q

In the chest region; #T1-T12

A

Thoracic

27
Q

In the small of the back; #L-L5

A

Lumbar

28
Q

At the base of the vertebral columm

A

Sacrum

29
Q

3 to 5 vertebrae attached to sacrum

A

Coccyx

30
Q

12 pairs of ____ that attach to the vertebral columm in the back

A

Ribs

31
Q

Attaches upper extremities to axial skeleton

A

Pectoral girdle

32
Q

The arm

A

Upper extremity

33
Q

Made up of a set of 3 bones on each side

A

Pelvic girdle

34
Q

The leg

A

Lower extremity

35
Q

Freely moving joints

A

Synovial joint

36
Q

Strong bands of connective tissue

A

Ligament

37
Q

Sac-like structure

A

Bursa

38
Q

Joint that allows for slight movement

A

Cartilaginous joint

39
Q

Allow almost no movement

A

Fibrous joint

40
Q

Diagnosis and treatment of conditions of musculoskeletal system

A

Orthopedics

41
Q

Making orthopedic appliances such as braces and splints

A

Orthotics

42
Q

Diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal and autoimmune conditions affect joints/muscles/bones

A

Rheumatology

43
Q

Fracture with no open skin wound ; simple fracture

A

Closed fracture

44
Q

Common wrist fracture

A

Colles’ fracture

45
Q

Fracture where bone is shattered, splintered, or crushed

A

Comminuted fracture

46
Q

Fracture with open skin wound ; also called open fracture

A

Compound fracture

47
Q

Fracture with loss of height in vertebral body ; often from osteoporosis

A

Compression fracture

48
Q

Incomplete break ; one side of bone is broken, the other is bent ; common in children

A

Greentstick fracture

49
Q

Bone fragments are pushed into each other

A

Impacted fracture

50
Q

Fracture at an angle to bone

A

Oblique fracture

51
Q

Fracture caused by diseased or weakened bone

A

Pathologic fracture

52
Q

Fracture line spirals around shaft of bone ; often slower to heal

A

Spiral fracture

53
Q

Slight fracture caused by repetitive low-impact forces like running

A

Stress fracture

54
Q

Fracture straight across bone

A

Transverse fracture

55
Q

Excessive posterior thoracic curvature-hunchback

A

Kyphosis

56
Q

Excessive anterior lumbar curvature-swayback

A

Lordosis

57
Q

Lateral curvature

A

Scoliosis

58
Q

Arthrogram

A

X-ray record of a joint

59
Q

Arthography

A

Visualizing joint by x-ray after injecting contrast medium into joint

60
Q

Bone scan

A

Nuclear medicine procedure ; radioactive dye is used to visualize bones ; useful for identifiying stress fractures and metastases

61
Q

Arthocentesis

A

Insertion of needle into joint cavity to remove fluid

62
Q

Orthotic

A

Brace of splint used to prevent or correct deformities

63
Q
A

Medical Terminology (10 decks)

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