Unit 8 quiz 1 Flashcards
(25 cards)
ways to increase variation in a population
selective breeding(hybridization), introduce mutations, polyploidy in plants, Transgenic modification
what does hybridization mean
crossing 2 organisms with different traits
what does mutations mean
change in DNA
what does polyploidy mean
prevent chromosome seperation in Meosis
what does transgenic modification mean
combining DNA from multiple organisms or species
what are restriction enzymes
enzymes that have the ability to cut DNA at a specific sequence
what is plasmid
small circular DNA molecules that replicate separately from larger bacterial chromosomes
what are sticky ends
staggered (as opposed to a blunt cut) cuts in DNA exposing unbonded nitrogen bases
what is a genomic library
entire collection of cloned DNA fragments from a genome
what is recombinant DNA
combination of DNA from different sources
what are transgenic organisms
2 or more genes that are combined into 1
what are the steps for producing microarrays
1) collect tissue
2) isolate RNA
3) isolate mRNA
4) make labeled DNA copy
5) apply DNA
6) scan microarray
7) analyze data
what are the similarities between genomic libraries and cDNA
DNA and exons
what are the differences between genomic libraries and cDNA
-Genomic is larger, cDNA is smaller
-genomic includes all possible genes for organism, cDNA includes expressed genes from cell
-genomic includes introns and exons, cDNA only includes exons
what is cDNA
complementary DNA made from expressed mRNA
what is DNA ligase
enzyme that joins together 2 pieces of DNA
what is a vector
designed to deliver DNA into the cell
what is gene cloning
process of isolating and making copies of genes
what are the different ways that DNA technology is used?
theraputic hormones, diagnosis and treatment of disease
what is TAXOL
anti-cancer drug from YEW trees
what is a nucleic acid probe
small synthesized strand of DNA labeled with fluorescent dye or radioactive isotope
what is a microarry
tool to determine which genes are expressed
what are the steps of gene cloning
- Isolation
- Ligation
- Transformation
- Selection
what is genetic engineering
changing an organism by transforming with recombinant DNA
