Quiz #1 Flashcards
What are the most common elements in living things?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
What is matter?
Anything that occupies space and has mass
What is compound?
Two or more elements in a fixed ratio (ex. water(H2O) hydrogen and oxygen in a 2:1 ratio)
What are atoms made of?
Protons, neutrons, and electrons
How to find atomic #
Number on the top left of periodic table
Parts of atoms( charge, mass, location)
Proton: Positive(+), 1 amu, nucleus
Electron: Negative(-), 0 amu, orbiting nucleus
Neutron: Neutral, 1 amu, nucleus
How to find mass #
Round up the mass which is bottom of the square on the periodic table
How to find proton, neutron electron in an atom
proton and electron is the atomic # and neutron is mass # - protons
what is a valence shell
the outer most shell
How many electrons fit in each shell
1st - 2 electron
anything after the 1st is 8
what is valence electron
the electrons on the valence shell
how to make bohr model
take the atomic number and put those many amounts of dots on the diagram
what is isotope
atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
how to do lewis dot diagram
draw the symbol and only remove one number (first)
what differs isotopes
the number of neutrons
what is half life
how long it takes an isotope to become half the original value
What is ionic bonding
Atoms sharing electrons from valence shells
what is covalent bonding
a chemical bond formed when electrons are shared between atoms
what is a molecule
the smallest particle of a substance
what is structural formula
uses lines to show the bond between elements
ex. h2 = H-H
why is water is a polar molecule?
the balance between the 2 atoms are uneven because the is a slight - charge on oxygen and slight positive charge on hydrogen
what is adhesion
water molecules stick to other structures because of the hydrogen bond
what is cohesion
water molecules stuck together
PH scale
0-7 : acid
7 = neutral
7-14 = base
what is acid
anyting that donates H+ to ions
what is base
anything that removes h ions
electromagnetic difference
0-1 = non-polar covalent bonds
1-2 = polar covalent bonds
2+ = ionic bonds
