Unit 8- Metabolism, cell respiration and photosynthesis

Question 1

the initial input of energy that is required to trigger a chemical reaction.

Answer 1

Activation energy

Question 2

the location on the enzyme where the substrate binds.

Answer 2

Active site

Question 3

a molecule that binds at a site away from the active site triggering a conformational change that prevents the binding of substrate.

Answer 3

Allosteric inhibitor

Question 4

the application of computers to the study of biological information.

Answer 4

Bioinformatics

Question 5

a molecule that binds to the active site of an enzyme and prevents the binding of a substrate.

Answer 5

Competitive inhibitor

Question 6

the sum total of all chemical reactions that occur within an organism.

Answer 6

Metabolism

Question 7

a series of reactions, with each one catalyzed by a different enzyme.

Answer 7

Metabolic chains

Question 8

a cycle of enzyme catalyzed reactions that regenerates a series of organic molecules with each turn of the cycle.

Answer 8

Metabolic cycle

Question 9

a molecule that binds to an enzyme at a location outside the active site and inhibits the enzyme’s function.

Answer 9

Non-competitive inhibitor

Question 10

a state in which all of the original bonds are under maximum strain resulting in an unstable intermediate.

Answer 10

Transition state

Question 11

the substance that binds to the enzyme at the active site.

Answer 11

Substrate

Question 12

a type of respiration where oxygen is consumed.

Answer 12

Aerobic respiration

Question 13

a nucleotide triphosphate that is a common source of energy in cells.

Answer 13

ATP

Question 14

an enzyme that utilizes the H+ electrochemical gradient to synthesize ATP.

Answer 14

ATP synthase

Question 15

a process for making ATP using the energy stored in an electrochemical gradient of hydrogen ions.

Answer 15

Chemiosmosis

Question 16

invaginations of the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Answer 16

Cristae

Question 17

a chemical reaction that involves the removal of CO2.

Answer 17

Decarboxylation

Question 18

a method used to generate a three-dimensional image of the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Answer 18

Electron tomography

Question 19

a group of proteins that accept and donate electrons in a series.

Answer 19

Electron transport chain

Question 20

energy storing reactions.

Answer 20

Endergonic

Question 21

energy releasing reactions.

Answer 21

Exergonic

Question 22

a metabolic pathway that breaks glucose down to pyruvate.

Answer 22

Glycolysis

Question 23

a decarboxylation reaction that occurs in the mitochondrion between glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.

Answer 23

Link reaction

Question 24

a compartment inside the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.

Answer 24

Mitochondrial matrix

Question 25

the loss of electrons or loss of hydrogen.

Answer 25

Oxidation

Question 26

the production of ATP through a series of oxidation and reduction reactions.

Answer 26

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 27

the addition of a phosphate group to a molecule.

Answer 27

Phosphorylation

Question 28

the end product of glycolysis.

Answer 28

Pyruvate

Question 29

the energy rich form of the hydrogen carrier.

Answer 29

Reduced NAD

Question 30

the gain of electrons or gain of hydrogen.

Answer 30

Reduction

Question 31

the use of ATP and reduced NADP in the stroma to regenerate RuBP and generate carbohydrates in the light independent stage of photosynthesis.

Answer 31

Calvin cycle

Question 32

the incorporation of inorganic CO2 into an organic molecule.

Answer 32

Carbon fixation

Question 33

the process of making ATP using the energy stored in a proton gradient.

Answer 33

Chemiosmosis

Question 34

involves photosystem 1 in a pattern of electron flow where ATP is generated.

Answer 34

Cyclic photophosphorylation

Question 35

the reactions within photosynthesis that use light to generate ATP and reduced NADP.

Answer 35

Light-dependent reactions

Question 36

the photosynthetic reactions that take place within the stroma and use reduced NADP and ATP to generate carbohydrates.

Answer 36

Light-independent reactions

Question 37

the production of energetic electrons in reaction centers through the absorption of light.

Answer 37

Photoactivation

Question 38

the splitting of water.

Answer 38

Photolysis

Question 39

the production of ATP using the energy of sunlight.

Answer 39

Photophosphorylation

Question 40

an integral protein transport system used in the light-dependent reactions - it can carry out cyclic photophosphorylation, and produces reduced NADP.

Answer 40

Photosystem 1

Question 41

the first photosystem in the light-dependent reactions - it uses electrons from photolysis, and produces ATP.

Answer 41

Photosystem 2

Question 42

a difference in proton concentration on either side of a membrane.

Answer 42

Proton gradient

Question 43

produced by photosystem 1, it is an energy source for the Calvin cycle.

Answer 43

Reduced NADP

Question 44

an enzyme that fixes CO2 to RuBP in the Calvin cycle.

Answer 44

Rubisco

Question 45

the molecule that reacts with CO2 during carbon fixation.

Answer 45

RuBP

Question 46

the chemical medium between the inner chloroplast membrane and the thylakoid membrane.

Answer 46

Stroma

Question 47

the lumen of the thylakoid.

Answer 47

Thylakoid space

Question 48

the membrane that is the site of photosynthesis.

Answer 48

Thylakoid

Question 49

an intermediate in the Calvin cycle, also known as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.

Answer 49

Triose phosphate