Unit 8 Flashcards
1
Q
onc/o
A
tumors
2
Q
infiltrative
A
tumor extends into adjacent healthy tissue
3
Q
meta
A
beyond, change
4
Q
Metastasis
A
tumor cells spread from one part or organ to another not directly connected with it
5
Q
ana
A
backward
6
Q
dedifferentiation / anaplasia
A
malignant cells go back to embryonic cells
7
Q
encapsulated
A
benign tumors are
8
Q
histogenesis
A
formation and differentiation of tissue from undifferentiated cells
9
Q
adenomas
A
Benign tumors that arise from epithelial cells
10
Q
adenocarcinoma
A
cancerous tumor of an epithelium that originates in glandular tissue
11
Q
Sarcomas
A
originate in connective tissue
12
Q
sarc/o
A
connective tissue
13
Q
glioma
A
Cancer in the connective tissue in the brain
14
Q
neuroblastoma
A
childhood cancer arising from immature tissues in the autonomic nervous system
15
Q
mixed-tissue tumors
A
sites of development are kidneys, ovaries, and testes
16
Q
apoptosis
A
cell death
17
Q
carcinogenesis
A
development of cancer, from mutations
18
Q
mut/a
A
genetic change
19
Q
mutation
A
stimulate cell growth or block DNA repair lead to the formation of malignant tumors
20
Q
types of carcinogen
A
radiation, oncogenic viruses, toxic chemicals
21
Q
oncogenic viruses
A
RNA viruses / retroviruses and DNA viruses
22
Q
oncogene
A
a piece of DNA whose activation is associated with the conversion of normal cells into cancerous cells
23
Q
guaiac fecal occult blood test (gFOBT)
A
presence of fecal occult blood (FOB) can indicate colorectal cancer
24
Q
estrogen (estradiol) receptor assay
A
pinpoints the tumor’s receptivity to estrogen
25
protein marker tests
measure tumor-generated proteins, or protein markers, which are present in the bloodstream
26
CA-125 test and the CEA test
detects carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
27
Acid phosphatase test and the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test
test for prostate cancer
28
Beta-hCG test, which is used to detect the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in serum
for testicular cancer
29
Alpha-fetoprotein test
for testicular and liver cancers
30
Cytogenetic analysis
for leukemia and other cancer
31
Immunohistochemistry (IHC)
localizes antigens or proteins in tissues using marked antibodies to assess the presence and amount of specific molecules in both normal and tumor cells
32
fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy
aspirating free cells from a fluid-filled cavity or from inside a solid tumor mass using a fine needle
33
thoracocentesis
surgical puncture with the insertion of a needle or catheter into the pleural space to obtain pleural fluid for analysis
34
liquid biopsy
looks for cancer cells or tumor cell DNA in a blood sample
35
Papanicolaou test
Pap smear (exfoliative cytology)
36
radionuclide scans
radioactive substances that are intravenously injected can detect tumors and metastases
37
bone scan
injecting a radioactive phosphate substance, called a radionuclide, to see areas of uptake
38
thallium-201
used to detect head and neck tumors
39
needle used in core-biopsy
large-bore
40
cachexia
most severe form of malnutrition associated with cancer
41
cac/o
bad
42
-hexia
state of condition
43
fungating tumors
mushrooming pattern of growth
colon
44
cystic tumors
mucinous or serous
ovaries
45
medullary tumor
large, soft, and fleshy
breast or thyroid gland
46
verrucous tumor
wartlike pattern
gingiva or cheek
47
polypoid
projection-like growths that extend outward from a base
sessile polypoid tumor extends from a broad base (sessile = having no stem). The pedunculated polypoid tumor
colon
48
inflammatory tumor
inflamed
tumor blocks the skin’s lymphatic drainage
49
necrotic tumor
contains dead tissue
50
ulcerating tumor
exhibits an exposed surface from the death of overlying tissue
51
dysplasia
abnormality in cellular development
52
Carcinoma in situ
tumor cells are cancerous but have not yet invaded adjacent structures
53
diffuse tumor growth
cancer has clearly spread evenly throughout the affected tissue
54
Alveolar tumor cells
form patterns that resemble small, microscopic sacs
muscle, bone, fat, and cartilage
55
epidermoid cells
respiratory tract
56
follicular tumor cells
thyroid gland cancer and can form glandular sacs of their own
57
Nodular cells
seen in malignant lymphomas when lymph node involvement is extensive
58
Papillary cells
fingerlike or nipplelike projections
bladder
59
pleomorphic
cellular level, a mixed-cell tumor
60
morph/o
shape/form
61
scirrhous tumor
densely packed and overgrown with fibrous tissue
breast and stomach cancers
62
scirrh/o
hard
63
Grading
based on the microscopic appearance of the tumor cells
looks for the degree of maturation or differentiation
grades 1-4
64
Staging
extent of metastasis
65
TNM
tumor, nodes, and metastases
66
Duke staging system
staging colon cancer and hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC)
67
excisional biopsy
removal of the tumor, along with a margin of normal tissue
68
incisional biopsy
removal of a piece of the tumor for diagnosis and may be followed by additional treatment to remove the bulk of the tumor
69
resection/exenteration
not only the removal of the tumor but also its original site and the surrounding tissue in the body space
70
En bloc resection
removal of the tumor along with a large area of the surrounding tissue and usually lymph node removal as well
ex: mastectomy, colectomy, and gastrectomy
71
cryosurgery
subfreezing temperature is used to destroy the malignant tumor
72
cauterization
destroys the tumor by burning it
73
fulguration
destroy abnormal tissue is with the use of electric sparks generated by a high-frequency current
74
debulking procedure
used if the tumor is attached to a vital organ and cannot be completely removed
75
Bone marrow transplant (BMT)
procedural intervention
76
radiation therapy (RT) / radiation oncology
delivering a maximum dose of ionizing radiation to tumor tissue
77
intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT)
RT used before or after surgery
78
fibrosis
increase in connective tissue in normal tissue caused by too much radiation
79
gray (Gy) (absorbed radiation dose)
unit of measurement for radiation
80
Pneumonitis
Inflammation in the lungs
81
Myelosuppression
Bone marrow depression
Anemia and Thrombocytopenia
82
Mucositis
Inflammation and ulceration of mucous membranes
83
Xerostomia
Dryness of the mouth
84
Alopecia
Partial or complete hair loss
85
Secondary tumors
New types of tumors originating at a site separate from the primary tumor
86
fractionation
radiation is delivered in small, repeated doses rather than in fewer large doses
87
brachytherapy
limits exposure by directly implanting seeds of radioactive material into a tumor (interstitial therapy) or into the cavity of a tumor (intercavitary therapy
88
external beam radiation (teletherapy)
applied to the tumor from a distant source outside the body—namely, a *linear accelerator*
89
radiocurable
completely eradicated (cured) by radiation therapy
lymphoma
90
Radiosensitive tumors
tumors in which radiation can cause the death of cells without serious damage to surrounding tissue
91
PSRS (gamma knife surgery)
proton stereotactic
92
radioresistant
require large doses of radiation to produce cell death
93
radiosensitizers
drugs that increase the tumor’s sensitivity to x-rays
94
Chemotherapy
uses drugs or chemicals to damage the DNA of cancer cells
95
pharmacokinetics
measure how quickly drugs disappear from the bloodstream and tissues and investigate drug routes
96
protocol
treatment plan
97
remission
partial or complete disappearance of the signs of the disease
98
NED
no evidence of disease
99
Alkylating agents
Attack DNA molecules, causing strand breaks
100
Antibiotics
Promote breakage of the DNA strands, preventing their replication
101
Antimetabolites
Inhibit synthesis of DNA components, or block DNA replication
102
Antimitotics
Block mitosis
103
Molecularly targeted therapy
Blocks the function of growth factors, their receptors, and signaling pathways in tumor cells
104
hormonal agents
Hormones attach to receptor proteins in target tissues and can have growth-inhibiting effects on certain types of cancer
leukemia and breast cancer
105
immunotherapy
use immune cells and antibodies to fight tumor cells.
106
chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR T) therapy
T cells are extracted from the patient’s blood and modified
acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) and chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL)
107
monoclonal antibodies
kill tumors by blocking growth receptors on the tumor cell surface
108
Clinical trials
research studies designed to test the risks and efficacy of new drugs
109
palliative care
relieve symptoms
110
Adjuvant chemotherapy
Adding drugs early in the course of treatment to hasten or assist primary treatment in attacking cancer cells
111
Undifferentiated
Lacking structures typical of mature cells
112
needle biopsy
aspiration of a core of tissue for microscopic examination
113
dysplastic
Abnormal but not clearly cancerous
114
follicul/o
Small glandular sacs
115
x-ray
electromagnetic radiation
116
properties of x-rays
Causes exposure of a photographic plate
Penetrates different substances to varying degrees
Travels in straight lines
Ionization
invisibility and scattering
117
radiolucent
Substances that are less dense and permit the passage of x-ray beams
118
-lucent
to shine
119
radiopaque
dense surfaces that absorb x-rays
120
opaque
obscure
121
film badge
monitoring device used to detect radiation exposure
122
Diagnostic radiography
visualization of the body's structures using radiation from external sources
123
Digital radiography
digital x-ray sensors are used instead of traditional photographic film
124
Nuclear medicine
relies on radioactive substances that are placed within the body or added to laboratory specimens
125
Radiation therapy / oncology
treat cancer
126
AP
anteroposterior
127
PA
posteroanterior
128
LAT
lateral projection (one side to other)
129
oblique
patient at an angle
130
recumbent
lying down
131
decubitus (decub) position
patient lies on the right or left side
132
tom/o
to cut
133
MDCT
multidetector CT
134
contrast agent / contrast medium
substance, either radiopaque or radiolucent, that is introduced into the body to cause structures to appear lighter or darker
135
types of contrast agents
barium (Ba) sulfate, iodine, and nitrogen gas
136
barium swallow
upper GI tract
137
barium enema (BE)
rectal administration of barium sulfate for large intestine
138
DSA
digital subtraction angiography
139
Cholangiography
outline the major bile ducts with iodine
140
percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography.
iodine administered through skin or liver
141
pyelography (urograms)
renal pelvis and urinary tract with iodine
142
intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
iodine administered through vein
143
retrograde pyelogram
iodine administered through urethra and bladder
144
KUB
kidneys, ureters, bladder
no contrast
145
Hysterosalpingography
uterus and fallopian tubes
146
Myelography
image of spinal cord, injected in subarachnoid space
147
Bronchography
bronchial tubes
148
Hypersensitivity Reactions
can happen with contrast mediums
149
interventional radiologist
physicians who perform minimally invasive procedures under CT guidance or fluoroscopy
150
fluoroscopy
use of x-ray beams and a fluorescent screen to produce real-time video images
151
digital image communication (DICOM)
standard protocol for transmitting between imaging devices
152
PACS
picture archival and communication system
153
sonographer
person who performs ultrasounds
154
transducer
emits short pulses of high-frequency sound waves that are transmitted into the body
converts to image
155
echo
repeated sound
156
echocardiography
Diagnostic sonography of the heart and blood vessels
157
Doppler ultrasound
allows visualization of a moving structure like blood flow
158
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
uses radio waves and a magnetic field
159
Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and magnetic resonance venography (MRV)
valuable in detecting clots or other blood vessel
160
functional MRI (fMRI)
detects blood flow in the brain to evaluate the effects of a stroke and other brain diseases
161
tracer studies
Radionuclides (radioisotopes) are tags
162
top/o
place
163
is/o
same
164
radionuclides emit
alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays (electromagnetic radiation)
165
half-life of a radionuclide tells
how long the radioactivity it emits will be available for use in imaging
166
radiopharmaceutical (labeled compound)
drug containing the radionuclide
167
gamma camera / scintiscanner
detect gamma rays
168
Scintigraphy
uses radiopharmaceuticals and gamma cameras to create images
169
lymphoscintigraphy
injection of a radiotracer and is helpful in detecting lymphatic tumors and evaluating lymphedema
170
ventilation-perfusion scanning (VPS)
radiopharmaceutical is inhaled (ventilation) to help show the gas exchange capacity of the lungs and is injected into a vein (perfusion) to trace its passage through the respiratory tract
creates V/Q scans
171
radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU)
asses thyroid gland function
172
Scintillation scanning
evaluate nodules of the thyroid gland
173
positron emission tomography (PET)
glucose, positron, gamma rays used to produce image, shows metabolic activity
174
Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
injection of a more stable radioactive substance than the substance used in PET scanning and uses different detectors, 3D images
175
multiple-gated acquisition (MUGA) scanning
electrocardiographic (ECG) leads are placed on the patient and coordinated with a computer and gamma camera, uses technetium-99m, shows heart function and motion
176
myocardial perfusion imaging
combination of sestamibi and technetium-99m is used
177
thallium (Tl) scans
Thallium is intravenously injected, and its absorption by the cardiac muscle is observed (good to be absorbed)
178
In vitro
addition of a radioactive material to a blood or urine specimen after it has been collected
ex: Radioimmunoassay (RIA) studies
179
ventilation studies
radiopharmaceutical is inhaled to obtain a lung scan
180
most commonly used radionuclide in diagnostic imaging
Technetium-99m
181
what do radiopharmaceutical drugs emit
gamma rays
182
Computed tomography, CT
beams ionizing x-rays at multiple angles around a specific section of the body to detect disease
183
pharmac/o
drugs
184
vit/o
life
185
myc/o
fungus, mold
186
Pharmacodynamics
study of the effects of drugs on the body
187
Pharmacokinetics
drug’s absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion over time
188
Molecular pharmacology
study of how drugs interact with subcellular entities i.e. DNA
189
chemical name
hemical formula that specifies the exact chemical makeup of the drug
190
generic name
what we call the drug
191
USP
United States Pharmacopeia
192
parenteral administration
drug administered through syringe
193
subcutaneous injection
small hypodermic needle is inserted into the subcutaneous tissue
194
intradermal injection
made into the upper layers of the skin i.e. allergy testing
195
intrathecal injection
delivered into the space underlying the membranes, or meninges, that surround the spinal cord and brain
196
thec/o
sheath
197
Topical administration
application of a drug via a spray, ointment, cream, or lotion
198
Topical antiseptic
act against infection or sepsis
199
antipruritic agents
act against itching, or pruritus
200
schedule
the timing and frequency of its administration
201
additive
combination of two or more drugs taken together is equal to the sum of the effects of each
202
synergism / potentiation
combination of drugs working (erg/o) together (syn-) causes an effect that is greater than the sum of the individual effects if each were given alone
203
toxicity
unwanted and potentially dangerous effects of some drugs
204
Idiosyncrasy
unexpected and uncommon side effect that develops in an individual patient after the administration of a drug
205
cras/o
mixture
206
idi/o
peculiar, individual
207
ana-
upward
208
-phylaxis
protection
209
-dote
what is given
210
Iatrogenic
condition produced by a treatment itself or as a result of errors or individual sensitivity
211
iatr/o
treatment
212
Contraindications
factors in the patient’s condition that make the use of a drug dangerous and ill advised
213
Analgesics
class of drug that relieves pain
types: necrotic, NSAIDS
214
alges/o
sensitivity to pain
215
antipyretic
drug that fights against fever
216
Anesthetics
reduce or eliminate sensitivity to all kinds of sensation
local: works on region applied
general: all CNS
217
antibiotic
used to fight live disease-producing organism
218
-cidal
pertaining to killing
219
-static
pertaining to stopping
220
Anticoagulants
prevent clotting in conditions such as thrombosis and embolism or in the blood used in transfusions
ex: Heparin
221
tPA
tissue-type plasminogen activator
222
DOAC
direct oral anticoagulant, treats atrial fibrillation
223
Antiplatelet
reducing the tendency of platelets to stick together
224
anticonvulsant
reduce the frequency of convulsions in various types of seizure disorders
225
Antidiabetic
used to treat diabetes mellitus
226
Antihistamines
relieve the symptoms of anaphylaxis
227
-amine
nitrogen containing compound
228
emetic
agent is invaluable in inducing vomiting (emesis)
229
Antiosteoporosis drugs
prevent abnormal loss of bone density and increase calcium deposition in bone
230
antidepressant
relieve depression in a variety of ways: by elevating mood, increasing activity and alertness, and improving appetite and sleep patterns
231
Digoxin
control arrhythmias by slowing the heart rate and is used to treat congestive heart failure by increasing the force of contraction of the heart
232
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, also called ACE inhibitors
improve the heart's performance and to reduce its workload, lower blood pressure
233
angiotensin II receptor antagonists
for patients who do not tolerate ACE inhibitors, lower BP
234
beta-blockers
decrease muscular tone in blood vessels (leading to vasodilation), slow the heart rate, decrease the output of the heart
hypertension and reduce heart attack
235
calcium channel blockers, or antagonists
inhibit calcium to dilate the blood vessels, lowering blood pressure
236
Cholesterol-reducing agents (statins), or HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
reduce cholesterol's production in the liver
237
cholestyramine
prevent cholesterol uptake
238
diuretics
reduce blood volume by stimulating the kidney
239
Bronchodilators
used to treat respiratory disorders such as emphysema, asthma, and infections such as pneumonia and bronchitis
240
leukotriene modifiers
Prevents asthma attacks by keeping bronchoconstrictors from binding to respiratory tissue receptors
241
androgens
used for male hormone replacement therapy; in women, they are helpful in treating endometriosis and breast cancer
242
estrogens
used in replacement therapy to ease the symptoms of menopause and to prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis
243
antiandrogen
treatment of prostate cancer
244
tamoxifen
antiestrogen drug used to prevent the recurrence of breast cancer
245
Aromatase inhibitors
reduce the amount of estrogen (estradiol) in the blood
246
selective estrogen-receptor modulators or SERMs
treat postmenopausal osteoporosis and breast cancer
247
Progestins
prescribed for abnormal uterine bleeding caused by hormonal imbalances
248
calcitonin
treats osteoporosis by increasing blood calcium and promoting bone deposition
249
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
treat osteoporosis and stimulate new bone growth
250
growth hormone release–inhibiting factor, or somatostatin
treat both acromegaly and gastrointestinal cancers
251
antacids
neutralize the stomach's hydrochloric acid
252
cathartic agent
relieve constipation or to promote defecation
253
Antinauseants / antiemetics
treat nausea
254
antiulcer
treats ulcers
255
sedatives and hypnotics
promote sleep, depress CNS
256
tranquilizers
can control minor or major anxiety symptoms
benzodiazepine and phenothiazine
257
stimulants
inhibit hyperactive behaviors, particularly in children
258
Amphetamines
used to prevent narcolepsy, to suppress appetite, and also to calm hyperkinetic children
259
TCA
Tricyclic antidepressant
260
SSRIs
treat depression
261
Antifungal
treat candidiasis of the vagina
262
MAOI
Monoamine oxidase inhibitor
treats depression
263
Metformin (Glucophage)
treats type II diabetes
264
Tetracyclines
antibacterial drug
265
Benzodiazepine
Sedative-hypnotic and tranquilizer
266
Which would be administered for chronic nerve pain following a shingles infection?
the anticonvulsant pregabalin (Lyrica)
267
Amphetamines
stimulant
268
psych/o
mind
269
id
instinct
pleasure principle
270
superego
internalized conscience
271
ego
rational
reality principle
272
defense mechanisms
unconscious reactions
repression
273
anxi/o
uneasy, anxious, distressed
274
-pathy
feelings
275
dissociative disorder
the repression of emotional conflict occurs to such a degree that it brings on an altered state of consciousness or a state of confusion about one’s identity
276
dissociative amnesia
sudden inability to recall important personal information
277
Dissociative fugue
unexpected travel away from home or work with an inability to recall the past and often with the assumption of a new identity
278
DSM-5-TR
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, text revision
279
Cluster A
odd or eccentric disorders
280
Cluster B
dramatic and emotional disorders
281
Cluster C
disorders characterized by anxiety and fear
282
Cluster A disorders include
paranoid personality, schizoid personality, and schizotypal personality
283
Cluster B disorders include
antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic
284
Histrionic personality disorder
excessive emotionality and attention-seeking behaviors
285
Cluster C disorders include
avoidant personality disorder, Dependent personality disorder, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
286
neurodevelopmental disorders
Delays in developing social and communication skills
ex: autism
287
Interacting with a therapist as if the therapist were a significant figure from the past is called
Transference
288
A pervasive developmental disorder characterized by inhibited social interaction and communication and by restricted, repetitive behavior is:
Autism spectrum disorder
289
lack of loyalty to or concern for others and an inability to tolerate frustration
antisocial
290
instability in interpersonal relationships and sense of self
Borderline
291
With schizoid personality disorder, the patient is:
Emotionally cold and aloof
292
psychosis
significantly unable to appraise the external world accurately
293
hallucin/o
to wander in the mind
294
schiz/o
split
295
phren/o
mind
296
key features of schizophrenia
delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking (speech), abnormal motor behavior (Catatonic behavior), negative symptoms (flatness and unwillingness)
297
negative symptoms
behavior or feeling that is normally present but is absent or diminished in mental illness
298
treatment of schizophrenia
antipsychotics / neuroleptic drugs
299
-leptic
seize hold of
300
tardive dyskinesia (TD)
abnormal condition characterized by involuntary, repetitive muscle movements
could develop from neuroleptic drugs
301
neurocognitive disorders (NCDs)
disorders of cognition, the mental processes of thinking, perception, reasoning, and judgment
dementia and delirum
302
Dementia
characterized by confusion, disorientation, deterioration of intellectual capacity, loss of function, and impairment of memory and judgment
303
ADLs
activities of daily living
304
Delirium
state of agitated excitement, confused and disorganized thinking, incoherent speech, difficulty paying attention, disorientation, and memory impairment
305
acute psychotic reaction to the abrupt withdrawal of alcoholic beverages after long periods of heavy alcohol consumption
Delirium tremens (DT)
306
IQ tests
intelligence quotient
307
TAT
Thematic Apperception Test
308
WAIS
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
309
WISC
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
310
Graphomotor projection tests
draw a person
311
Bender-Gestalt Test
screens for developmental challenges
312
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
true/false self-report questionnaire that is used to evaluate personality
313
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
relatively short-term, focused therapy for depression, anxiety, anger, marital conflict, phobias, and substance abuse
a person’s own thoughts cause his or her feelings and behaviors
314
insight-oriented psychotherapy / psychodynamic therapy
patient can have face-to-face discussions with a therapist on life problems and feelings
315
generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
characterized by chronic anxiety, exaggerated worry, and tension, even when little or nothing is present to provoke it
316
panic disorder
characterized by recurrent, unexpected panic attacks
317
mental status examination
certain questions in a standardized way and responses are evaluated
318
agoraphobia
fear is of places or situations
319
agora
marketplace
320
social anxiety disorder
person has a significant and persistent fear of doing something foolish, humiliating, or embarrassing while in the presence and under the scrutiny of others
321
somatic symptom disorder, also called somatoform disorde
patient has physical symptoms that cannot be explained by an actual physical disorder
322
conversion disorder
emotional conflict is repressed and changed into a loss or alteration of physical functioning
323
benzodiazepines (BZDs)
slow down the transmission of nerve impulses to the brain, antianxiety
324
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
prevent the neurotransmitter serotonin from being taken up into nerve endings, allowing it to remain longer in the space between nerve cells
antidepressant
325
clonazepam (Klonopin)
benzodiazepines
326
duloxetine (Cymbalta)
SNRI
327
phenelzine (Nardil)
MAOI
328
A personality test in which pictures are used as stimuli to make up a story is the
Thematic Apperception Test
329
Anorexia nervosa
prolonged refusal to eat and a fear of becoming obese
330
Bulimia
recurrent episodes of binge eating (rapid food consumption), often followed by purging
331
psychoactive substances
affect CNS and mood
332
in addition to opioids
morphine, codeine, and heroin
CNS depressants
333
Cocaine
central nervous system stimulant, produces euphoria
334
methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), also known as ecstasy; phencyclidine (*PCP*), also known as angel dust; lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and ayahuasca
Hallucinogenic drugs
335
Mood
prolonged emotional state that dominates the personality and colors a person’s view of the world
336
Dysphoria
sad, hopeless feeling characterized by depression
337
-phoria
feeling
338
affect
outward appearance of mood
339
Hypomania
lesser mania
340
Cyclothymia
mild form of bipolar disorder involving several recurring periods of depression and hypomania
341
-tymia
mood
342
Dysthymia
persistent depressive disorder, is a chronic psychiatric illness involving a low level of depression for a period of at least 2 years
343
Major depressive disorder (MDD)
episodes of severe dysphoria
344
ECT
electroconvulsive therapy
treatment of depression
345
lithium
reduces mania
346
-mania
obsession
347
paraphilias
wherein sexual arousal occurs in response to objects or situations that are not normally considered erotic
348
phil/o
attraction, love
349
sexual aversion disorder
avoiding sex
350
dyspareunia
genital pain associated with sexual intercourse
351
Fetishistic Disorder
use of an inanimate object to arouse erotic feelings
352
Voyeuristic Disorder
sexual excitement and gratification is attained by secretly watching people who are undressing, naked, or engaging in sexual activity
353
Exhibitionistic disorder
compulsive need to expose one's genitals to unsuspecting strangers
354
Sexual sadism
infliction of physical or psychologic pain or humiliation on a consenting or nonconsenting partner to achieve sexual excitement
355
sexual masochism
need to experience emotional or physical pain to become sexually aroused
356
Physiologic dependence
connected to withdrawal
357
Labile
unstable
358
The Draw-a-Person test is an example of a
projection test
