Unit 4 Flashcards

Question

gyri (jie-rie)

Answer 1

ridges/fold

Answer 2

band of nerves at the base of the fissure

Answer 3

voluntary control over muscles, personality, and reasoning and judgment

Answer 4

hearing, taste, smell, and memory and learning

Answer 5

processing and interpretation of visual images

Answer 6

move in a balanced and coordinated manner

Answer 7

relay station

Answer 8

integrates functions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems and the processes of the endocrine system

Answer 9

respiration, heart rate, constricting/dilation

Answer 10

connection, nerves to eyes and face

Answer 11

vision, hearing, motor control, alertness, body temperature

Answer 12

disease of peripheral nerves

Answer 13

nerve root

Answer 14

a disease that affects the nerve root of spinal nerves

Answer 15

radiculopathy that affects the sciatic nerve root in the back

Answer 16

fluid in the brain

Answer 17

spinal column fails to close completely

Answer 18

spinal cord push through the defective closure of the cavity

Answer 19

spinal cord does not protrude

Answer 20

meninges of the spinal cord protrude

Answer 21

herniation

Answer 22

inflammation of the brain, caused by HIV encephalopathy

Answer 23

inflammation of the meninges

Answer 24

viral infection that affects the peripheral nerves

Answer 25

nerve root is inflamed, can cause loss of function

Answer 26

inflammation of multiple related neurons

Answer 27

arises from tissue (meninges and neuroglia)

Answer 28

cancer cells have spread from somewhere else

Answer 29

astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, glioblastoma multiforme

Answer 30

progressive loss of motor neurons, involuntary movement and loss of thinking

Answer 31

genetically transmitted degenerative disorder

Answer 32

loss of neurons in the midbrain and inadequate production of the neurotransmitter dopamine, muscle tremor

Answer 33

excess or hypersensitivity to dopamine, tics

Answer 34

involuntary, and spasmodic movements

Answer 35

chronic autoimmune disorder in which the motor neurons fail to transmit impulses to the muscles, blocked acetylcholine

Answer 36

partial paralysis, starts at birth

Answer 37

paralysis of the seventh cranial nerve (facial nerve)

Answer 38

gradual decline in mental ability

Answer 39

group of disorders that involve an abnormal discharge of electrical activity from the nerve cells of the cerebral cortex

Answer 40

sudden uncontrolled bursts of activity from the neurons

Answer 41

generalized—sometimes violent—involuntary muscle contractions

Answer 42

momentary alterations in consciousness, includes petit mal seizures in kids

Answer 43

progressive disorder in which the myelin sheath surrounding neurons in the brain and spinal cord is destroyed

Answer 44

loss of ability to speak

Answer 45

blood building up in spaces around brain

Answer 46

violent shaking up or jarring of the brain

Answer 47

sleep that cannot be awoken

Answer 48

deep sleep

Answer 49

no feeling or nerve sensation

Answer 50

nerve sensation

Answer 51

bruising of brain tissue caused by movement of the brain inside the skull after blunt trauma

Answer 52

normal supply of blood to the brain is interrupted

Answer 53

clot, cause of stroke

Answer 54

movement of a clot from a site outside of the brain, cause of stroke

Answer 55

bleeding within the brain from a ruptured cerebral blood vessel, cause of stroke

Answer 56

slight paralysis

Answer 57

temporary *neurologic* disturbances by occlusion of blood vessels to the brain

Answer 58

unilateral vascular headache

Answer 59

localized weakness in a vessel wall that dilates and bursts

Answer 60

insensitive to pain

Answer 61

CSF is withdrawn from the spinal cavity using a needle directed into the subarachnoid space

Answer 62

recording of electrical activity in brain, diagnose seizures

Answer 63

motion pictures are taken of the brain's vascular system after contrast dye, stroke

Answer 64

shows chemical activity of the brain, cancer or stroke

Answer 65

used to detect occlusions after stroke

Answer 66

instrument that helps target the precise location of a tumor and then delivers a focused beam of radiation (a gamma knife) to destroy the abnormal growth

Answer 67

drains fluid from brain to abdomen

Answer 68

drugs for pain

Answer 69

drugs for shingles

Answer 70

drugs for seizures

Answer 71

drugs for Parkinson's (electrodes too)

Answer 72

drugs for multiple sclerosis

Answer 73

for myasthenia gravis

Answer 74

multiple computerized images of the brain and spinal cord are taken while contrast material is allowed to leak through the blood-brain barrier from the vessels into the brain

Answer 75

conjunctiva

Answer 76

mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelids and the anterior part of the eye

Answer 77

sebaceous gland at the rim of the eyelids, supplies meibum (prevents evaporation)

Answer 78

outer membrane that helps maintain the size and shape of the eyeball and attaches to the muscles that move the eye

Answer 79

transparent structure light passes through

Answer 80

thin middle membrane with a rich supply of blood vessels

Answer 81

ciliary body

Answer 82

behind iris, supported by fibers arising from the ciliary body which can change lens shape

Answer 83

inner posterior surface of the eye, retina and optic disk and macula lutea

Answer 84

optic disk

Answer 85

contains rods and cones

Answer 86

color and central vision

Answer 87

dim light and for peripheral vision

Answer 88

cones, clearest center of vision, macula

Answer 89

anterior (contains aqueous humor) and posterior chambers (vitreous humor)

Answer 90

bending of light rays as they pass through to the retina

Answer 91

refractory adjustment of ciliary body to focus as an object draws near

Answer 92

merging of optic nerves

Answer 93

movement of the eyes in unison toward a common point of fixation

Answer 94

see one image with both eyes

Answer 95

sharpness of visual perception

Answer 96

unfocused edges of images caused by irregularly curved cornea or lens

Answer 97

nearsightedness (can't see in distance) in front

Answer 98

farsightedness, behind

Answer 99

age-associated hyperopia, loss of elasticity

Answer 100

inflammation of eyelid

Answer 101

bump caused by a bacterial infection of the sebaceous gland

Answer 102

localized swelling, or granuloma, caused by chronic inflammation of the lid's sebaceous glands, small, hard, cystic mass

Answer 103

raised yellowish plaque on the eyelid

Answer 104

drooping of eyelid caused by neuromuscular difficulties

Answer 105

outward sagging, or eversion, of the eyelid

Answer 106

inversion of the eyelid, could lead to abrasion

Answer 107

complication of diabetes mellitus affecting the blood vessels of the retina, could have macular edema

Answer 108

deterioration of the macula of the retina and the choroid layer of the eye

Answer 109

separation in the layers of the retina, could have floaters and photopsia

Answer 110

outflow of the aqueous humor is blocked, causing an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP), results in damage to optic nerve and retina

Answer 111

loss of vision in opposite field

Answer 112

visual field

Answer 113

inward (eso-) deviation or turning (-tropia) of one eye

Answer 114

one eye turns outward

Answer 115

one eye deviates upward

Answer 116

double vision

Answer 117

partial loss of vision

Answer 118

repetitive, rhythmic eye movements of one or both eyes and is usually caused by brain tumors or diseases of the inner ear

Answer 119

loss of transparency

Answer 120

inflammation of lacrimal gland

Answer 121

inflammation of lacrimal sac

Answer 122

inflammation of the conjunctiva

Answer 123

measures visual sharpness

Answer 124

help see if retina is detaching

Answer 125

visualization of changes to the optic disk, diagnose glaucoma

Answer 126

view blood vessels, can diagnose Diabetic retinopathy

Answer 127

combines a microscope and a light source, allowing magnified examination of the interior of the eye, can diagnose Diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and retinal detachment

Answer 128

produce cross-sectional view of retina

Answer 129

measure intraocular pressure

Answer 130

assesses the angle of the anterior chamber

Answer 131

measures peripheral vision

Answer 132

excimer laser is used to reshape the cornea and thus correct the refractory error

Answer 133

uses a precisely focused laser to seal leaky blood vessels and to prevent the growth of new ones, treats diabetic retinopathy

Answer 134

saline solution replaces the vitreous humor in which blood, treats diabetic retinopathy

Answer 135

removal of cataract lens, hollow needle is inserted to withdraw the lens tissue

Answer 136

ultrasonic vibration is used to break up the cataract lens

Answer 137

entire lens removed

Answer 138

some of lens left in place

Answer 139

implanted in the eye at the time of cataract removal

Answer 140

freezer burn is used to create scar tissue that seals holes in the eye's innermost layer, treats retinal detachment

Answer 141

placing a silicone band over the detached area, forcing the layers of the retina together

Answer 142

gas bubble is injected into the vitreous chamber to put pressure on the area of retinal tear until the retina is reattached

Answer 143

eye drops improve drainage of aqueous humor and to decrease its production for glaucoma

Answer 144

filtering procedure to treat glaucoma

Answer 145

which works by creating a hole in the iris (iridotomy) to improve aqueous humor outflow

Answer 146

replacement of cornea

Answer 147

removal of the entire eyeball

Answer 148

lubricates the ear and prevents the entry of foreign particles (earwax)

Answer 149

tympanic membrane (eardrum)

Answer 150

eustachian tube

Answer 151

fluid in membranous labyrinth, surrounded by perilymph in bony labyrinth

Answer 152

sensitive receptor whose hair cells relay sound waves to auditory nerve fibers

Answer 153

vestibule and the semicircular canals

Answer 154

central cavity of the labyrinth connecting the cochlea and semicircular canals

Answer 155

membrane between the middle and inner ears

Answer 156

picked up by the sensory hair cells, produce impulses that are transmitted by the auditory nerve fibers to the cerebral cortex

Answer 157

infection of the middle ear

Answer 158

childhood disease associated with colds

Answer 159

cystic mass of the middle ear comprised of epithelial cells, sebum, and cholesterol

Answer 160

caused by disease or trauma to the inner ear or acoustic nerve

Answer 161

Degenerative changes in the inner ear, associated with old age resulting in hearing impairment

Answer 162

excess formation of bony tissue in the middle ear—particularly at the labyrinth—that attaches to and prevents movement of the stapes

Answer 163

stiffening, of the stapes prevents it from transmitting sound vibrations to the inner ear, producing a conductive hearing loss

Answer 164

accumulation of endolymph in the membranous labyrinth, vertigo, Tinnitus

Answer 165

paroxysmal (having a sudden onset with a short duration) episodes of vertigo

Answer 166

benign tumor that develops from the acoustic nerve and grows in the auditory canal

Answer 167

tuning fork is placed on the midline of the skull, assesses bone conduction of sound

Answer 168

tuning fork is alternately placed near the auditory canal and behind the ear on the mastoid bone

Answer 169

method for measuring hearing acuity and to help establish the degree and severity of hearing loss

Answer 170

electric device used to measure the sensitivity of hearing by delivering a series of acoustic tones that range from very low to very high frequencies

Answer 171

accumulation of fluid of middle ear

Answer 172

treat serous otitis media

Answer 173

surgical incision of the eardrum to relieve the pressure and buildup of fluid, pressure-equalizing (PE) tube is placed in the eardrum to provide ventilation, used for acute otitis media

Answer 174

converts the spoken word to electrical impulses that bypass the damaged cochlea to stimulate the auditory nerve

Answer 175

caused by conditions that interfere with the collection and transmission of sound waves through the outer and middle ear

Answer 176

equalization of air pressure between middle ear and external atmospheric pressure