Unit 2 Flashcards
1
Q
or/o, stomat/o
A
mouth
2
Q
bucc
A
cheeks
3
Q
lingu/o, gloss/o
A
tongue
4
Q
palat/o
A
palate
5
Q
rugae
A
ridges in mouth
6
Q
uvul/o
A
uvula
7
Q
mastication
A
chewing
8
Q
bolus
A
Mass of food mixed with saliva
9
Q
papillae
A
contain receptor organs at back of tongue
10
Q
tonsils
A
lingual, palatine, pharyngeal
11
Q
dent/i, odont/o
A
teeth
12
Q
Deciduous Teeth
A
baby teeth (born with 20)
13
Q
adult teeth
A
32
14
Q
gingiv/o
A
gums
15
Q
dentin and cementum
A
connective tissue that covers teeth for root support
16
Q
periodontal membrane
A
surrounds cementum, holds tooth in place in socket
17
Q
pulp cavity
A
full of connective tissue, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves and soft, delicate tissue filling the center of the tooth
18
Q
sial/o
A
saliva
19
Q
sialaden/o
A
salivary glands
20
Q
extrinsic salivary glands
A
parotid (near the ear), the submandibular, and the sublingual
21
Q
-ase
A
enzyme
22
Q
prote/o
A
protein
23
Q
pharyng/o
A
throat
24
Q
trache/o
A
trachea
25
-stalsis
contraction
26
sphincters
rings of muscle on bottom and top of stomach
27
sections of stomach
fundus, the body, and the pylorus
28
villi
nutrient absorption
29
duoden/o
duodenum
30
jejun/o
jejunum
31
ile/o
ileum
32
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
33
col/o, colon/o
colon, large intestine
34
append/o, appendic/o
appendix
35
sections of large intenstine
cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anus
36
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon
37
de-
removal of
38
fec/o
feces
39
-ation
process of
40
proct/o
anus and rectum
41
an/o
anus
42
layers of peritoneum
parital, visceral
43
bil/i, chol/e
bile
44
bilirubin
enters liver to make up bile
45
path of bile
hepatic duct, stored in gallbladder, cystic duct, common bile duct
46
gluc/o, glyc/o
sugar
47
amyl/o
starch
48
steat/o, lip/o
fat
49
glycogenolysis
glycogen to glucose
50
gluconeogenesis
proteins and fats to glucose
51
pancreas function
secrete enzymes and insulin
52
chyme
food in stomach
53
process in mouth
mixed with enzymes in saliva
54
deglutition
swallowing
55
ileocecal sphincter
connection between ileum and cecum
56
crown
part of tooth above gum line
57
Enamel
The outermost protective layer of the crown
58
types of teeth
incisors, canines (cuspids), molars
59
eti/o
cause
60
idi/o
unknown
61
dental caries
tooth decay
62
Aphthous stomatitis
canker sore
63
Leukoplakia
pre cancerous white patches in mouth
64
eructation
burp
65
flatus
gas expelled from anus
66
Flatulence
process of excessive gas
67
-orexia
appetite
68
emesis
vomiting
69
borborygmus
rumbling noises of stomach
70
hemorrhoids
twisted varicose veins in the rectum
71
steatorrhea
improper absorption of fats
72
melena
blood in feces
73
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
contents of stomach return to mouth
74
esophageal varices
swollen varicose veins
75
Achalasia
Failure of the lower esophageal sphincter muscle to relax
76
-chalasia
relaxation
77
Barrett esophagus
precedes cancer, caused by repeated reflux from stomach which causes abnormal cells
78
peptic ulcer
defect in lining, two types:
-gastric
-duodenal
79
cause of ulcers
acid and bacteria
80
irritable bowel syndrome
constipation, diarrhea, bloating, and abdominal pain all occur together
81
ileus
failure of peristalsis
82
intussusception
telescoping of intestines
83
volvulus
twisting of intestine upon itself
84
inguinal hernia
protrusion of bowel through the abdominal fascia
85
dysentery
Ingesting food or water contaminated with viruses, parasites, or protozoa can cause a condition characterized by painful abdominal cramping, fever, inflamed intestines, and diarrhea containing blood
86
Crohn disease
type of IBS, chronic inflammation of GI tract
87
anal fistula
abnormal tubelike passageway near the anus
88
anal fissure
painful narrow slit in the mucous membrane of the anus
89
polyp
benign growth that protrudes from a mucous membrane
90
hematochezia
feces contains bright red blood
91
abcess
infected area
92
Diverticulosis
abnormal outpouching (diverticulum) in the wall of the colon
93
Diverticulitis
complication of diverticulosis (trapping of undigested food or bacteria in a diverticulum)
94
jaundice or icterus
yellowing of the skin, tissues, and whites of the eyes
95
Hyperbilirubinemia
condition in which too much bilirubin is in the blood
96
hepatitis A
virus found in contaminated food or water
97
hepatitis B
parenterally acquired through blood and body fluids
98
hepatitis C
can be acquired through blood or blood products, through sexual contact
99
cirrhosis
degeneration of liver tissue
100
ascites
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
101
cholelithiasis
gallstones
102
Cholecystitis
inflammation and infection of gallbladder
103
choledocholithiasis
stones block both gallbladder and bile ducts
104
choledoch/o
common bile duct
105
lith/o
stone
106
Steatorrhea
greater than normal amount of fat in feces
107
another name for pancreatoduodenectomy
Whipple procedure
108
parenteral
nutrition entering body not through GI tract
109
enteral
nutrients enter body through GI tract (bypass to small intestine)
110
par-
other than
111
ileostomy
removal of entire colon
112
polypectomy
removal of polyps
113
calculus
medical term for a stone
114
mesentery
a covering that allows for free movement of the intestines
115
-emesis
vomiting
116
-pepsia
digestion
117
-phagia
swallowing/eating
118
esophageal stenosis
narrowing / stricture of esophagus
119
-stasis
stopping, controlling, or standing still
120
-spasm
involuntary contraction
121
-rrhaphy
suture
122
-plasty
surgical repair
123
cheil/o and labi/o
lips
124
odont/o
teeth
125
steat/o
fat
126
cholangi/o
vessel that carries bile
127
computed tomography
cross-sectional view of organs
128
magnetic resonance imaging
uses magnetic waves to see all three planes of the body
129
scintigraphy
injected radioisotopes
130
HIDA (hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid) scan
check bile-excreting functions after a liver transplant
131
stool guaiac test (FOBT)
detects occult blood in stool
132
liver function tests
tests for presence of enzymes and bilirubin in blood (and ALTs and ASTs (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase)) which includes serum bilirubin
133
serum bilirubin test
measures conjugated bilirubin in blood, can diagnose liver disease
134
bariatric surgery (gastric bypass)
reducing size of stomach
135
a barium enema is used with
a lower gastrointestinal series
136
cholescintigraphy (HIDA)
type of nuclear imaging to determine if the gallbladder is functioning properly
137
bar/o
weight
138
Cholangiography
radiographic examination of the biliary system
139
GB
gallbladder
140
BE
barium enema
141
BM
bowel movement
142
G tube
gastrostomy tube
143
GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease
144
IBD
inflammatory bowel disease
145
BRBPR
bright red blood per rectum
146
HBV
hepatitis B virus
147
TPN
Total parenteral nutrition
148
NPO
nothing by mouth
149
NG
nasogastric
150
PEG
percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
151
PEJ
percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy
152
PUD
peptic ulcer disease
153
-ectasia
stretching
154
upper gastrointestinal series
series of x-rays of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine obtained after administering barium by mouth
155
nasogastric tube
remove fluid from stomach through mouth
156
T tube
placed in the bile duct for draining into a small pouch outside the body
