unit 8 Flashcards
evolution
change over time
evidence of evolution
fossils, comparative structures, biochemical similarities, comparative embryology, homologous vs. analogous structure, vestigial structure
comparative structures
similar features in different organisms
fossils
preserved remains of once living organisms
biochemical similarities
comparing protein structure in all organisms to find similarities
comparative embryology
the study of the similarities and differences in the embryos of different species
homologous structure
structures that are similar in different species of common ancestry
analogous structure
part that is similar in function as a part of another organism is is structurally different
vestigial structure
structure that is inherited from ancestors but has lost much or all of its original function
mechanisms of evolution
mutation, migration, genetic drift, natural selection
natural selection
a natural process resulting in the evolution to organisms best adapted to the environment
zoology mnemonic
domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species (DKPCOPFGS)
what is run off?
water that doesn’t go into the ground
what is precipition?
any liquid or frozen water that forms in the atmosphere and falls back to earth
what is ground water?
water held underground in the soil in the cracks of soil, rock, etc.
what is transpiration?
the process of releasing water vapor into the atmosphere from plant leaves
what is evaporation?
putting water from oceans and lakes into the atmosphere
what is condensation?
water in the atmosphere forming droplets in clouds
what is ecology?
the study of relationships and interactions of organisms
what is the biosphere?
the portion of earth that supports life
what are examples of biotic factors?
people, animals, plants, etc.
what are examples of abiotic factors?
rocks, water, air, etc.
what are the levels of organization?
individual —> population —> community —> ecosystem —> biome —> biosphere
what is an individual?
a singular organism, the lowest level of organization
what is a population?
a single species that share the same geographic location at the time
what is a community?
group of interacting populations that occupy the same area at the same time
what is an ecosystem?
biological community and all of the abiotic factors that affect it
what is a biome?
a large group of ecosystems that share the same climate and have similar types of communities
what is a habitat?
an area where an organism lives
what is a niche?
role of an organism in its environment
what is competition?
when organisms need to use the same resources at the same time
what is predation?
the act of one organism consuming another organism for food
what is symbolism?
a relationship in which two organisms live together in close association
what is mutualism?
benefiting both organisms, ex: an oxpecker eating ticks off a zebra
what is commensalism?
benefiting an organism and the other is unaffected, ex: a bird making a nest in the tree
