unit 4 Flashcards
chemical equation for photosynthesis
6C20+H20+light —–> 6O2+ C6H16O6
stomata
opening for gas exchange (CO2 in and H2O & O2 out)
chloroplast
organelles that capture light energy, has 2 compartments (stroma & thylakoids)
stroma
fluid filled space outside the grana
thylakoids
sac-like membranes, a stack is called grana
pigment
molecules that absorb light and are found in thylakoid membranes
chlorophyll
most common pigment in plants, absorbs wavelengths of violet-blue light and reflects green light
cellular respiration produces…
CO2, H2O, and about 36~38 ATP
chemical equation for cellular respiration
C6H12O6+6O2 —–> 6CO2+6H2O+ATP
anaerobic process that follows glycolysis
anaerobic respiration or fermentation
two types of fermentation
lactic acid and alcohol
how many atp from glycolysis?
2 ATP
how many atp from krebs cycle?
2 ATP
how many atp from electron transport chain?
32~34 ATP
three main stages of cellular respiration
glycolysis, krebs cycle, electron transport chain
aerobic
with oxygen
anaerobic
without oxygen
photosynthesis
converting light energy from into chemical energy stored in sugar
glycolysis location
cytoplasm
glycosis does it need oxygen
no
krebs cycle does it need oxygen
no
electron transport chain does it need oxygen
no
krebs cycle location
matrix
electron transport chain location
across inner membrane
another word for respiration
fermentation
where does respiration occur
cytoplasm
who can go through respiraation
eukaryotes and prokaryotes
when does respiration occur
when oxygen is unavailable, cells cannot follow glycolysis, etc.
lactid acid fermentation
occurs in animals, converts pyruvate into lactic acid, ex: yogurt and cheese
alcohol fermentation
occurs in yeast and some bacteria, converts pyruvate into ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide, ex: winemaking and baking
what does aerobic and anaerobic respiration have in common
both use glycolysis, respiration produces 32-38 ATP per glucose, fermentation produces 2 ATP per glucose
energy
ability to do work
thermodynamics
study of how energy flows and changes in the universe
where does most energy for life come from
the Sun
catabolic pathways
breaking down large molecules into smaller molecules, energy released
anabolic pathways
building larger molecules from small molecules, energy used
what does ATP stand for
adenosine triphosphate
the most abundant energy carrier in cells
ATP
what is an ATP molecule made of
adenine base, ribose sugar, phosphate groups
when does atp release energy
when the bond between the second and third phosphate groups is broken
what happens when one phosphate group splits off
it transforms into ADP and a free phosphate group
what does ADP stand for
adenosine diphosphate
what does ADP stand for
adenosine diphosphate
chemical equation for ATP
ATP+H2O ->
