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biology > unit 7 > Flashcards

unit 7 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

darwins theory

A

individuals show variation, variations are heritable, more offspring are born than can survive, variations that increase the reproductive success will be more common

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2
Q

charles darwin

A

known for his contribution to the science of evolution

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3
Q

artificial selection

A

people decide what traits they want an organism to have to create favorable offspring

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4
Q

natural selection

A

some competitors would be better equipped for survival than others, those less equipped would die

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5
Q

camouflage

A

adaption that allows an organism to blend in to its surroundings

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6
Q

mimicry

A

morphological adaptation where a species evolves to resemble another species

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7
Q

fossil record

A

help us understand evolution since they are a record of species that lived long ago

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8
Q

derived traits

A

newly evolved features that do not appear in common ancestors

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9
Q

ancestral traits

A

shared by species and common ancestors

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10
Q

vestigial structures

A

features that are the reduced forms of functional structures in other organisms, ex: appendix or wings of flightless birds

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11
Q

analogous structurer

A

have the similar function but differ in anatomy

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12
Q

what are the three domains?

A

bacteria, archaea, eukarya

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13
Q

what are the six kingdoms?

A

eubacteria, archaebacteria, protista, fungi, plantae, animalia

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14
Q

what is domain bacteria?

A

the kingdom is eubacteria, prokaryotes, most are heterotrophs, cell walls contain peptidoglycan

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15
Q

what is domain archaea?

A

the kingdom is archaebacteria, most are heterotrophs, more ancient than eubacteria, lack peptidoglycan in cell walls

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16
Q

what is domain eukarya?

A

all eukaryotes have nucleus and MBOs, contain the kingdoms protista, fungi, plantae, and animalia

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17
Q

what is the kingdom protista?

A

protists are eukaryotic, can be plant-like, animal-like, and fungus-like

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18
Q

what is the kingdom fungi?

A

eukaryote, heterotroph, lacks mobility, cell walls contain chitin, have hyphae for feeding and growth

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19
Q

what is the kingdom plantae?

A

cell walls composed of cellulose, many possess chloroplasts for photosynthesis

20
Q

what is the kingdom animalia?

A

all are heterotrophs, multicellular eukaryotes, cells organized into tissues and organs

21
Q

what is a virus?

A

nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coast, not considered living, not in the biological classification system

22
Q

what is speciation?

A

the formation of a new species from a pre-existing species

23
Q

classification

A

grouping of objects or organisms based on a set of criteria

24
Q

what did aristotle accomplish?

A

developed the first widely accepted classification system

25
Q

what was aristotle’s system?

A

organisms were plants or animals, divide animals into red blooded and bloodless, divided them based on habitat, average size, and structure

26
Q

what was linnaeus’s system?

A

was based on observations of morphology and habitat, named organisms with binomial nomenclature ex: panthera tigris means tiger

27
Q

what are taxonomic categories?

A

divided organisms into smaller groups based on more specific criteria, arranged from broadest to most specific

28
Q

what is a taxon?

A

a named group of organisms

29
Q

what is a genus?

A

a group of species that are closely related and share a common ancestor

30
Q

what is an order?

A

related families

31
Q

what is a class?

A

related orders

32
Q

what is a phylum?

A

related classes

33
Q

what is a kingdom?

A

related phyla

34
Q

what is a domain?

A

the broadest taxon and contains one or more kingdoms

35
Q

what is phylogeny?

A

the evolutionary history of a species

36
Q

what are cladistics?

A

classifying organisms according to the order that they diverged from a common ancestor

37
Q

what is a cladogram?

A

a branching diagram that represents the evolutionary history of a species or group

38
Q

what are roots?

A

the initial ancestors common to all organisms

39
Q

what is a node?

A

correspond to a hypothetical common ancestor that give rise to two or more

40
Q

what is a clade?

A

common ancestor and all of its descendants

41
Q

what is an outgroup?

A

the most distantly related species in the cladogram?

42
Q

what did francesco redi accomplish?

A

in 1668 he showed that flies and maggots did not arise spontaneously from rotting meat

43
Q

what is spontaneous generation?

A

the idea that life arises from nonlife

44
Q

what is the germ theory?

A

certain diseases are caused by the invasion of the body by microorganisms

45
Q

prediction about how the first life-form appeared

A

simple organic molecules —> macromolecules —> protocells —> prokaryotes —> photosynthesizing prokaryotes —> eukaryotes

46
Q

what was the miller-urey experiment?

A

believed that life could have formed by nothing more than simple chemical reactions

biology (8 decks)

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