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biology > unit 6 > Flashcards

unit 6 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

mitosis type of reproduction

A

asexual

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2
Q

meiosis type of reproduction

A

sexual

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3
Q

mitosis type of cells

A

body cells

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4
Q

meiosis type of cells

A

gametes

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5
Q

mitosis haploid or diploid

A

diploid

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6
Q

meiosis haploid or diploid

A

haploid

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7
Q

mitosis number of chromosomes in daughter cells

A

46

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8
Q

meiosis number of chromosomes in daughter cells

A

23

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9
Q

mitosis identical or unique

A

identical

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10
Q

meiosis identical or unique

A

unique

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11
Q

mitosis purpose

A

growth and repair

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12
Q

meiosis purpose

A

reproduction

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13
Q

crossing over

A

homologous chromosomes swap sections to create unique combinations

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14
Q

disjunction

A

normal separation or moving apart of chromosomes

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15
Q

synapsis

A

the pairing of homologous chromosomes

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16
Q

nondisjunction

A

failure of separating chromosomes

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17
Q

what does meiosis produce

A

4 unique haploid daughter cells called gametes

18
Q

what are gametes

A

sex cells (egg or sperm)

19
Q

karyotype

A

a picture of a set of homologous chromosomes

20
Q

chromosome in males

A

XY

21
Q

chromosome in females

A

XX

22
Q

3 of chromosome abnormality

A

trisomy

23
Q

the chromosomes in a karyotype are arranged to show

A

homologous pairs

24
Q

probability

A

chance of something occuring

25
Q

who was gregor mendel?

A

the father of modern genetics

26
Q

genetics

A

the study of heredity

27
Q

traits

A

physical characteristics that organisms possess, ex: hair and eye color

28
Q

zygote

A

fertilized eggs

29
Q

hybrid

A

organism that has a combination of two different alleles

30
Q

alleles

A

the alternate forms of a gene, you get one from each parent, ex: blue or brown eyes

31
Q

dominant

A

the trait that is always shown when present, ex: Bb or BB = purple

32
Q

recessive

A

the trait that is only shown when it is homozygous, ex: bb = white

33
Q

genotype

A

the genetic makeup of an organism, ex: BbEe

34
Q

homozygous

A

organism posses two of the same alleles for a trait, ex: AA or aa

35
Q

heterozygous

A

organism possess two different alleles for a particular trait, ex: Aa

36
Q

punnett square

A

table used to diagram the probability of getting certain genotypes

37
Q

monohybrid

A

cross looks at only one trait

38
Q

dihybrid

A

cross looks at two traits at a time

39
Q

pedigree

A

a diagram that shows the inheritance of certain traits through generations

40
Q

how many sex chromosomes do humans have?

A

1 pair (male is XY and female is XX)

41
Q

how many autosomes do humans have?

A

22 pairs

42
Q

what is an autosome?

A

any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome

biology (8 decks)

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