unit 6 Flashcards
mitosis type of reproduction
asexual
meiosis type of reproduction
sexual
mitosis type of cells
body cells
meiosis type of cells
gametes
mitosis haploid or diploid
diploid
meiosis haploid or diploid
haploid
mitosis number of chromosomes in daughter cells
46
meiosis number of chromosomes in daughter cells
23
mitosis identical or unique
identical
meiosis identical or unique
unique
mitosis purpose
growth and repair
meiosis purpose
reproduction
crossing over
homologous chromosomes swap sections to create unique combinations
disjunction
normal separation or moving apart of chromosomes
synapsis
the pairing of homologous chromosomes
nondisjunction
failure of separating chromosomes
what does meiosis produce
4 unique haploid daughter cells called gametes
what are gametes
sex cells (egg or sperm)
karyotype
a picture of a set of homologous chromosomes
chromosome in males
XY
chromosome in females
XX
3 of chromosome abnormality
trisomy
the chromosomes in a karyotype are arranged to show
homologous pairs
probability
chance of something occuring
who was gregor mendel?
the father of modern genetics
genetics
the study of heredity
traits
physical characteristics that organisms possess, ex: hair and eye color
zygote
fertilized eggs
hybrid
organism that has a combination of two different alleles
alleles
the alternate forms of a gene, you get one from each parent, ex: blue or brown eyes
dominant
the trait that is always shown when present, ex: Bb or BB = purple
recessive
the trait that is only shown when it is homozygous, ex: bb = white
genotype
the genetic makeup of an organism, ex: BbEe
homozygous
organism posses two of the same alleles for a trait, ex: AA or aa
heterozygous
organism possess two different alleles for a particular trait, ex: Aa
punnett square
table used to diagram the probability of getting certain genotypes
monohybrid
cross looks at only one trait
dihybrid
cross looks at two traits at a time
pedigree
a diagram that shows the inheritance of certain traits through generations
how many sex chromosomes do humans have?
1 pair (male is XY and female is XX)
how many autosomes do humans have?
22 pairs
what is an autosome?
any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
