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biology > unit 1 > Flashcards

unit 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is biology?

A

the study of living organisms

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2
Q

describe the characteristic : made up of one or more cells

A

a cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things, they can be unicellular or multicellular

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3
Q

describe the characteristic : reproduction

A

production of offspring, organisms that can do this are called species

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4
Q

describe the characteristic : growth and development

A

addition of mass to an organism is called growth, process of natural changes over the lifetime is development, ex: kid getting taller and caterpillar to butterfly

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5
Q

describe the characteristic : requires energy

A

most plants use light energy to make food, organisms cannot make their own so they consume other organisms, ex: plant photosynthesis or rabbit eating grass

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6
Q

what are autotrophs?

A

first in the food chain, do not depend on others, ex: algae

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7
Q

what are heterotrophs?

A

depend on autotrophs and other heterotrophs, ex: tiger

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8
Q

describe the characteristic : responds to a stimuli

A

anything part of an environment causes a reaction which is a stimuli, the reaction to this is a response, ex: rabbit gets scared and runs away in response

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9
Q

describe the characteristic : maintains homeostasis

A

regulation of an organisms internal conditions to maintain life, if anything affects its normal state it will have a process to restore the normal state, ex: sweating to cool down

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10
Q

describe the characteristic : adaptations evolve over time

A

inherited characteristics that help species to survive and reproduce ex: white arctic fox hiding in snow

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11
Q

describe the characteristic : displays organization

A

living things are arranged in an orderly way, ex: cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

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12
Q

describe the scientific method step : ask a question

A

collect information on something, ask questions, use prior knowledge

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13
Q

describe the scientific method step : form a hypothesis

A

use gathered and observed information to form a testable explanation, ex: if i take my vitamins every day, then i will not feel tired

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14
Q

describe the scientific method step : collect experimental data

A

design experiment to test the hypothesis

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15
Q

what is an experimental group?

A

exposed to the factor being tested

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16
Q

what is a control group?

A

used for comparison

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17
Q

what is an independent variable (IV)?

A

the variable you change in an experiment to see the effects (DV)

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18
Q

what is a dependent variable (DV)?

A

what is being tested in the experiment, the result

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19
Q

what is a constant?

A

remains unchanged throughout the experiment

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20
Q

what is data?

A

information gained from observations

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21
Q

what is quantative data?

A

form of numbers (quantitity)

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22
Q

what is qualitative data?

A

form of senses (quality)

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23
Q

describe the scientific method step : analyze the data

A

interpret the collected data and look for patterns by making a table or graph

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24
Q

what is a stimulus?

A

a change in the external environment

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25
Q

what are receptors?

A

structures that monitor changes in the external environment

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26
Q

what is a control center?

A

processes information from the receptor

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27
Q

what is an effector?

A

responds to the change, ex: muscle or gland

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28
Q

what is a response?

A

end of homeostatic feedback loop

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29
Q

what are homeostatic mechanisms?

A

control system that the body uses to maintain homeostasis, ex: functioning thermostat in a home

30
Q

what does your digestive system do?

A

brings nutrients intro body

31
Q

what does your respiratory system do?

A

bring in oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide

32
Q

what does your cardiovascular system do?

A

distributes oxygen and nutrients to the body cells, transports wastes away from them

33
Q

what do your urinary and respiratory systems do?

A

remove wastes from the body

34
Q

what is a negative feedback loop?

A

corrects deviations from normal, ex: bring back down heat if cold, bring back up cold if hot

35
Q

what is a positive feedback loop?

A

exaggerates deviation to go even higher, ex: population in city increasing which leads to more kids (increases the population even more)

36
Q

why do we graph?

A

to visually see data trends or patterns, interpret easily

37
Q

what is a line graph?

A

used for continuous data, data points are usually connected (dot to dot)

38
Q

what is a bar graph?

A

used for comparing groups, x axis is usually categories or non-numerical data

39
Q

what is a scatter plot?

A

used for continuous data, between interdependent variables

40
Q

what is a histogram?

A

like bar graphs except no gaps between columns and no categories, number ranges instead

41
Q

what is a pie chart?

A

parts of whole, represents data in a circular graph

42
Q

what does TAILS stand for?

A

title, axis, interval, labels, scale

43
Q

what is the difference between an observation and an inference?

A

observation is five senses, inference is the conclusion after you have observed

44
Q

what is a bacteria?

A

unicellular, living, and needs a host cell to reproduce

45
Q

what is a virus?

A

non-living, has dna, and needs a host cell to reproduce

46
Q

what is a scientific journal?

A

the best place to locate current findings on the newest technologies

47
Q

what is an encyclopedia?

A

good place to find information on extinct species or historical theories

48
Q

what are state/local agencies?

A

can help with local policies or local research

49
Q

describe the scientific method step : draw a conclusion

A

compare the results with what you expected, include improvements for future experiments or trials

50
Q

describe the scientific method step : communicate results

A

spread your knowledge so others can build on the experiment

51
Q

what is a balance used for?

A

measuring mass

52
Q

what is a light microscope used for?

A

examining extremely small specimens

53
Q

what is an electron microscope used for

A

used for examining small specimens, was used to discover cells

54
Q

what is a beaker used for?

A

measuring volume, although it is a less accurate tool

55
Q

what is a graduated cylinder used for?

A

measuring precise volumes of liquids

56
Q

what is an objective lens of a microscope?

A

lens closer to the sample or specimen under observation

57
Q

what is an ocular lens of a microscope?

A

lens farther to the sample and closer to the observer

58
Q

what is a diaphragm of a microscope?

A

controls how much light hits the specimen

59
Q

what is fine focus of a microscope?

A

sharpens the focus quality of the image

60
Q

what is coarse focus of a microscope?

A

used to bring the specimen into approximate or near focus

61
Q

what is the stage of a microscope?

A

where the specimen is placed for observation, usually mounted onto a glass slide as well

62
Q

what is the barrel of a microscope?

A

connects the eyepiece to the objective lenses, draws light into the eyepiece for viewing

63
Q

what is the base of a microscope?

A

the bottom of the microscope, used for support

64
Q

what are the stage clips of a microscope?

A

they hold the slides in place

65
Q

what is a lamp of a microscope?

A

adjusts the amount of light on the slide

66
Q

what is the arm of a microscope?

A

it supports the body tube and connects it to the base

67
Q

what is the revolving nosepiece of a microscope?

A

holds two or more objective lenses and can be rotated to change power

68
Q

how do you put on a coverslip with avoiding air bubbles?

A

using a pipette place a drop of water on the specimen, carefully lower the cover slip into place

69
Q

what is a metabolism?

A

get and use energy in order to carry out life functions

70
Q

what is heredity?

A

passing on traits to offspring

71
Q

what is interdependence?

A

organisms rely on each other to survive

biology (8 decks)

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