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CLS_hosa > unit 7 vocab > Flashcards

unit 7 vocab Flashcards

1
Q

antibiotic susceptibility testing

A

determining the susceptibility of bacteria to specific antibiotics

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2
Q

fastidious bacteria

A

bacteria that require special nutritional factors to survive

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3
Q

fission

A

reproductive process in which the parent cell divides into two identical independent cells

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4
Q

gram negative

A

designation for bacteria that lose the crystal violet (purple) stain and retain the safranin (red)
stain in the Gram stain procedure

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5
Q

gram positive

A

designation for bacteria that retain the crystal violet (purple) stain in the Gram stain procedure

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6
Q

hyphae

A

filaments of a fungus that make up the mycelium

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7
Q

immunoassay

A

a diagnostic method using antigen–antibody reaction

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8
Q

minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)

A

minimum concentration of an antibiotic required to inhibit the growth
of a microorganism

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9
Q

mycelium

A

mass of hyphae that makes up the vegetative body of a fungus

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10
Q

mycosis

A

infection caused by fungi

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11
Q

progeny

A

offspring or descendants

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12
Q

ribonucleic acid (RNA)

A

/ the nucleic acid that is important in protein synthesis and is found in all living cells

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13
Q

carrier

A

an individual who harbors an organism and is capable of spreading the organism to others, but has no
symptoms or signs of disease

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14
Q

culture

A

growth of microorganisms in a special medium; the process of growing microorganisms in the laboratory

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15
Q

culture medium

A

a substance used to provide nutrients for growing microorganisms

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16
Q

Escherichia coli (E. coli)

A

a bacterium that is part of the normal flora of the intestines

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17
Q

sepsis

A

the presence of microorganisms and/or their toxic products in the blood and other tissues

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18
Q

septicemia

A

the presence and growth of pathogenic microorganisms in the blood

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19
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A

bacterium that causes a common type of streptococcal infection, most notably
“strep” throat

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20
Q

transport medium

A

containers specially designed to provide nutrients and an environment that preserves the
viability of microorganisms during transport

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21
Q

HEPA filter

A

high-efficiency particulate air filter used in biological safety cabinets

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22
Q

indicator medium

A

a bacteriological medium that differentiates bacteria on the basis of certain chemical
reactions; differential medium

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23
Q

catalase test

A

a test to differentiate between Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species.

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24
Q

coagulase test

A

a test to differentiate between Staphylococcus aureus and other Staphylococcus species

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25
Q

coliform

A

referring to certain fermentative gram-negative enteric bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Enterobacter,
and Klebsiella

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26
Q

minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)

A

minimum concentration of an antibiotic required to inhibit the
growth of a microorganism

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27
Q

pleomorphic

A

having varied shapes

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28
Q

zone of inhibition

A

in the Bauer-Kirby antibiotic susceptibility test, the area around an antibiotic disk in which
bacterial growth is inhibited

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29
Q

Candida albicans

A

yeast that causes vaginitis and other infections, especially following antibiotic therapy

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30
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

species of gram-negative intracellular bacteria that is a cause of sexually transmitted
diseases (STDs)

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31
Q

clue cells

A

vaginal epithelial cells covered with tiny, gram-variable bacteria and seen in vaginal secretions of
patients with bacterial vaginosis

32
Q

gonorrhea

A

contagious infection spread by sexual contact and caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae

33
Q

herpes simplex virus, type 1 (HSV-1)

A

the virus causing oral herpes

34
Q

herpes simplex virus, type 2 (HSV-2)

A

the virus causing genital herpes

35
Q

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

A

the retrovirus that has been identified as the cause of acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

36
Q

human papillomavirus (HPV)

A

a group of DNA viruses, some of which are sexually transmitted

37
Q

nongonococcal urethritis

A

gonorrhea-like STD caused by microorganisms other than gonococc

38
Q

oxidase test

A

an enzyme test used to identify certain bacteria such as Neisseria

39
Q

sexually transmitted disease (STD)

A

a disease transmitted by sexual contact; sexually transmitted infection

40
Q

sexually transmitted infection (STI)

A

/ a infection transmitted by sexual contact; sexually transmitted disease

41
Q

spirochetes

A

motile, helical, or spiral bacteria of the family Spirochaeta

42
Q

syphilis

A

an infectious, chronic, sexually transmitted disease caused by a spirochete, Treponema pallidum

43
Q

trichomoniasis

A

a sexually transmitted genitourinary tract infection caused by the parasitic protozoan, Trichomonas
vaginalis

44
Q

urethritis

A

/ infection or inflammation of the urethra

45
Q

vaginitis

A

/ infection or inflammation of the vagina

46
Q

venereal

A

having to do with, or transmitted by, sexual contact

47
Q

Airborne Precautions

A

a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) isolation category designed to prevent
transmission of infectious diseases, such as measles, that are spread by the airborne route

48
Q

APIC

A

Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, an organization working across a
spectrum of professionals, organizations, and institutions to prevent healthcare-associated infections

49
Q

carrier /

A

an individual who harbors an organism and is capable of spreading the organism to others, but has no
symptoms or signs of disease

50
Q

Contact Precautions

A

a CDC isolation category designed to prevent transmission of diseases spread by close or
direct contact

51
Q

Droplet Precautions

A

/ a CDC isolation category designed to prevent transmission of diseases spread through the air
over short distances

52
Q

fomites

A

inanimate objects, such as bed rails, linens, or eating utensils, which can be contaminated with infectious
organisms and serve as a means of their transmission

53
Q

healthcare-associated infection (HAI)

A

infection acquired while being treated for another condition in a
healthcare setting; formerly called nosocomial infection

54
Q

infection

A

a pathological condition caused by growth of microorganisms in the host

55
Q

isolation

A

the practice of limiting the movement and social contact of a patient who is potentially infectious or who
must be protected from exposure to infectious agents; quarantine

56
Q

nonpathogenic /

A

not normally causing disease in a healthy individual

57
Q

nosocomial infection

A

/ an infection acquired in a hospital or healthcare facility; healthcare-associated infection

58
Q

protective isolation

A

/ an isolation category designed to protect highly susceptible patients from exposure to
infectious agents; reverse isolation

59
Q

Standard Precautions

A

a set of comprehensive safety guidelines designed to protect patients and healthcare workers
by requiring that all patients and all body fluids, body substances, organs, and unfixed tissues be regarded as
potentially infectious

60
Q

biosafety level 4 (BSL-4)

A

a designation requiring the use of a combination of work practices, equipment, and
facilities to prevent exposure of individuals or the environment to pathogens that can be transmitted by aerosol
and that pose a high risk for life-threatening disease for which treatment or vaccine is not generally available

61
Q

bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)

A

a fatal, neurological disease of cattle caused by an unconventional
transmissable agent called a prion; commonly called “mad cow disease”

62
Q

Ebola virus /

A

a highly infectious filovirus that causes a hemorrhagic fever

63
Q

epidemic

A

disease affecting many persons at the same time, spread from person to person, and occurring in an area
where the disease is not prevalent

64
Q

epizootic

A

an outbreak of disease in an animal population

65
Q

Laboratory Response Network (LRN)

A

a national network of laboratories coordinated by the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention with the ability for rapid response to threats to public health

66
Q

Marburg virus

A

a filovirus that causes a hemorrhagic fever

67
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

an acid-fast bacillus that causes tuberculosis

68
Q

SARS

A

the acronym for severe acute respiratory syndrome, a condition caused by a coronavirus

69
Q

zoonotic

A

infection or disease that can be transmitted from vertebrate animals to humans

70
Q

agroterrorism

A

acts of terrorism involving threats to agricultural products, including food animals and crops

71
Q

botulinum intoxication

A

a condition in which body tissues are affected by the botulinum toxin

72
Q

botulinum toxin

A

a neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum

73
Q

Department of Homeland Security

A

a federal agency whose primary mission is to prevent, protect against,
and respond to acts of terrorism on U.S. soil

74
Q

virion /

A

the infectious form of a virus

75
Q

virulent

A

highly infectious or highly pathogenic

CLS_hosa (10 decks)

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