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CLS_hosa > unit 7 vocab > Flashcards

unit 7 vocab Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

antibiotic susceptibility testing

A

determining the susceptibility of bacteria to specific antibiotics

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2
Q

fastidious bacteria

A

bacteria that require special nutritional factors to survive

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3
Q

fission

A

reproductive process in which the parent cell divides into two identical independent cells

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4
Q

gram negative

A

designation for bacteria that lose the crystal violet (purple) stain and retain the safranin (red)
stain in the Gram stain procedure

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5
Q

gram positive

A

designation for bacteria that retain the crystal violet (purple) stain in the Gram stain procedure

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6
Q

hyphae

A

filaments of a fungus that make up the mycelium

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7
Q

immunoassay

A

a diagnostic method using antigen–antibody reaction

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8
Q

minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)

A

minimum concentration of an antibiotic required to inhibit the growth
of a microorganism

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9
Q

mycelium

A

mass of hyphae that makes up the vegetative body of a fungus

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10
Q

mycosis

A

infection caused by fungi

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11
Q

progeny

A

offspring or descendants

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12
Q

ribonucleic acid (RNA)

A

/ the nucleic acid that is important in protein synthesis and is found in all living cells

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13
Q

carrier

A

an individual who harbors an organism and is capable of spreading the organism to others, but has no
symptoms or signs of disease

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14
Q

culture

A

growth of microorganisms in a special medium; the process of growing microorganisms in the laboratory

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15
Q

culture medium

A

a substance used to provide nutrients for growing microorganisms

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16
Q

Escherichia coli (E. coli)

A

a bacterium that is part of the normal flora of the intestines

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17
Q

sepsis

A

the presence of microorganisms and/or their toxic products in the blood and other tissues

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18
Q

septicemia

A

the presence and growth of pathogenic microorganisms in the blood

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19
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A

bacterium that causes a common type of streptococcal infection, most notably
“strep” throat

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20
Q

transport medium

A

containers specially designed to provide nutrients and an environment that preserves the
viability of microorganisms during transport

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21
Q

HEPA filter

A

high-efficiency particulate air filter used in biological safety cabinets

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22
Q

indicator medium

A

a bacteriological medium that differentiates bacteria on the basis of certain chemical
reactions; differential medium

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23
Q

catalase test

A

a test to differentiate between Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species.

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24
Q

coagulase test

A

a test to differentiate between Staphylococcus aureus and other Staphylococcus species

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25
coliform
referring to certain fermentative gram-negative enteric bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, and Klebsiella
26
minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
minimum concentration of an antibiotic required to inhibit the growth of a microorganism
27
pleomorphic
having varied shapes
28
zone of inhibition
in the Bauer-Kirby antibiotic susceptibility test, the area around an antibiotic disk in which bacterial growth is inhibited
29
Candida albicans
yeast that causes vaginitis and other infections, especially following antibiotic therapy
30
Chlamydia trachomatis
species of gram-negative intracellular bacteria that is a cause of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
31
clue cells
vaginal epithelial cells covered with tiny, gram-variable bacteria and seen in vaginal secretions of patients with bacterial vaginosis
32
gonorrhea
contagious infection spread by sexual contact and caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae
33
herpes simplex virus, type 1 (HSV-1)
the virus causing oral herpes
34
herpes simplex virus, type 2 (HSV-2)
the virus causing genital herpes
35
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
the retrovirus that has been identified as the cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
36
human papillomavirus (HPV)
a group of DNA viruses, some of which are sexually transmitted
37
nongonococcal urethritis
gonorrhea-like STD caused by microorganisms other than gonococc
38
oxidase test
an enzyme test used to identify certain bacteria such as Neisseria
39
sexually transmitted disease (STD)
a disease transmitted by sexual contact; sexually transmitted infection
40
sexually transmitted infection (STI)
/ a infection transmitted by sexual contact; sexually transmitted disease
41
spirochetes
motile, helical, or spiral bacteria of the family Spirochaeta
42
syphilis
an infectious, chronic, sexually transmitted disease caused by a spirochete, Treponema pallidum
43
trichomoniasis
a sexually transmitted genitourinary tract infection caused by the parasitic protozoan, Trichomonas vaginalis
44
urethritis
/ infection or inflammation of the urethra
45
vaginitis
/ infection or inflammation of the vagina
46
venereal
having to do with, or transmitted by, sexual contact
47
Airborne Precautions
a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) isolation category designed to prevent transmission of infectious diseases, such as measles, that are spread by the airborne route
48
APIC
Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, an organization working across a spectrum of professionals, organizations, and institutions to prevent healthcare-associated infections
49
carrier /
an individual who harbors an organism and is capable of spreading the organism to others, but has no symptoms or signs of disease
50
Contact Precautions
a CDC isolation category designed to prevent transmission of diseases spread by close or direct contact
51
Droplet Precautions
/ a CDC isolation category designed to prevent transmission of diseases spread through the air over short distances
52
fomites
inanimate objects, such as bed rails, linens, or eating utensils, which can be contaminated with infectious organisms and serve as a means of their transmission
53
healthcare-associated infection (HAI)
infection acquired while being treated for another condition in a healthcare setting; formerly called nosocomial infection
54
infection
a pathological condition caused by growth of microorganisms in the host
55
isolation
the practice of limiting the movement and social contact of a patient who is potentially infectious or who must be protected from exposure to infectious agents; quarantine
56
nonpathogenic /
not normally causing disease in a healthy individual
57
nosocomial infection
/ an infection acquired in a hospital or healthcare facility; healthcare-associated infection
58
protective isolation
/ an isolation category designed to protect highly susceptible patients from exposure to infectious agents; reverse isolation
59
Standard Precautions
a set of comprehensive safety guidelines designed to protect patients and healthcare workers by requiring that all patients and all body fluids, body substances, organs, and unfixed tissues be regarded as potentially infectious
60
biosafety level 4 (BSL-4)
a designation requiring the use of a combination of work practices, equipment, and facilities to prevent exposure of individuals or the environment to pathogens that can be transmitted by aerosol and that pose a high risk for life-threatening disease for which treatment or vaccine is not generally available
61
bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)
a fatal, neurological disease of cattle caused by an unconventional transmissable agent called a prion; commonly called “mad cow disease”
62
Ebola virus /
a highly infectious filovirus that causes a hemorrhagic fever
63
epidemic
disease affecting many persons at the same time, spread from person to person, and occurring in an area where the disease is not prevalent
64
epizootic
an outbreak of disease in an animal population
65
Laboratory Response Network (LRN)
a national network of laboratories coordinated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention with the ability for rapid response to threats to public health
66
Marburg virus
a filovirus that causes a hemorrhagic fever
67
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
an acid-fast bacillus that causes tuberculosis
68
SARS
the acronym for severe acute respiratory syndrome, a condition caused by a coronavirus
69
zoonotic
infection or disease that can be transmitted from vertebrate animals to humans
70
agroterrorism
acts of terrorism involving threats to agricultural products, including food animals and crops
71
botulinum intoxication
a condition in which body tissues are affected by the botulinum toxin
72
botulinum toxin
a neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum
73
Department of Homeland Security
a federal agency whose primary mission is to prevent, protect against, and respond to acts of terrorism on U.S. soil
74
virion /
the infectious form of a virus
75
virulent
highly infectious or highly pathogenic

CLS_hosa (10 decks)

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