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CLS_hosa > unit 5 vocab > Flashcards

unit 5 vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

Bowman’s capsule

A

the portion of the nephron that receives the glomerular filtrate

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2
Q

cortex

A

the outer layer or portion of an organ

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3
Q

distal convoluted tubule

A

/ the portion of a renal tubule that empties into the collecting tubule

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4
Q

cystitis

A

inflammation of the urinary bladder, usually caused by an infection

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5
Q

dialysate

A

/ in kidney dialysis, a solution used to draw waste products and excess fluid from the body

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6
Q

glomerular filtrate

A

the acellular, low-protein ultrafiltrate of plasma that passes from the glomerular capillary to
the space of Bowman’s capsule and from which urine is formed

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7
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

/ inflammation of the glomeruli

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8
Q

glomerulus (pl. glomeruli)

A

/ a small bundle of capillaries that is the filtering portion of the nephron

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9
Q

kidney

A

the organ in which urine is formed

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10
Q

loop of Henle

A

the U-shaped portion of a renal tubule between its proximal and distal portions

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11
Q

medulla

A

the inner or central portion of an organ

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12
Q

nephron

A

the structural and functional unit of the kidney composed of a glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, and its
associated renal tubule

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13
Q

nephropathy

A

general term for kidney disease

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14
Q

nephrotoxic

A

toxic or destructive to kidney cells

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15
Q

peritoneum

A

/ a membrane lining the abdominal cavity and containing a fluid that keeps abdominal organs from
adhering to the abdominal wall; parietal peritoneum

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16
Q

proximal convoluted tubule

A

the portion of a renal tubule that collects the filtrate from Bowman’s capsule

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17
Q

pyelitis

A

inflammation of the renal pelvis, usually caused by an infection

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18
Q

pyelonephritis

A

/ inflammation of the kidney and the renal pelvis, usually caused by an infection

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19
Q

renal hilus

A

the concavity in the kidney where nerves and vessels enter or exit

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20
Q

renal pelvis

A

the funnel-shaped expansion of the upper portion of the ureter that receives urine from the renal tubules

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21
Q

renal threshold

A

/ the blood concentration above which a substance not normally excreted by the kidneys
appears in urine

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22
Q

renal tubule

A

a small tube of the nephron that collects and concentrates urine

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23
Q

tubular necrosis

A

death of the tissue comprising the renal tubules

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24
Q

ureter

A

the tube carrying urine from the kidney to the urinary bladde

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25
urethra
the canal through which urine is discharged from the urinary bladder
26
urinary bladder
an organ for the temporary storage of urine
27
urinary tract infection (UTI) /
an infection of the urinary tract, usually of the urethra
28
29
anuria
absence of urine production; failure of kidney function and suppression of urine production
30
clean-catch urine
a midstream urine sample collected after the urethral opening and surrounding tissues have been cleansed
31
midstream urine
/ a urine sample collected from the mid-portion of a urine stream
32
nocturia
/ excessive urination at night
33
oliguria
decreased production of urine
34
polyuria
/ excessive production of urine
35
random urine specimen
a urine specimen collected at any time, without regard to diet or time of day
36
amorphous
without definite shape
37
amorphous phosphates
granular crystals without uniform shape that can form in alkaline urine, give urine sediment a whitish appearance after centrifugation, and appear clear microscopically
38
amorphous urates
granular crystals without uniform shape that can form in acid urine, can give urine sediment a pink appearance after centrifugation and appear yellowish microscopically
39
hematuria
the presence of blood in the urine
40
hemoglobinuria
the presence of hemoglobin in the urine
41
ketones
a group of chemical substances produced during increased fat metabolism; ketone bodies
42
maple syrup urine disease (MSUD)
/ a rare metabolic condition in which the amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine are not metabolized, causing the urine to have the odor of maple syrup
43
melanin
a dark pigment of skin, hair, and certain tumors
44
mucus
a substance secreted by cells lining the urethra and vagina and that can be present in urine
45
myoglobin /
a pigmented, oxygen-carrying protein found in muscle tissue
46
opalescent
having a milky iridescence
47
phenylketonuria (PKU)
an inherited condition in which the amino acid phenylalanine is not metabolized, but is excreted into the urine and causes urine to have a mousy or musty odor
48
porphyrins
a group of light-sensitive, pigmented, ringed chemical structures that are required for the synthesis of hemoglobin
49
refractive index
/ the ratio of the speed of light in air to the speed of light in a solution
50
refractometer
an instrument for measuring the refractive index of a substance; also called a total solids meter
51
specific gravity (sp. gr.)
the ratio of the weight of a solution to the weight of an equal volume of distilled water; a measurement of density
52
turbid
having a cloudy appearance
53
urinometer
a float with a calibrated stem used for measuring specific gravity of urine; hydrometer
54
urochrome
the yellow pigment that gives urine its color
55
albumin
the most abundant protein in normal plasma; a homogeneous group of plasma proteins that are made in the liver and help maintain osmotic balance
56
bilirubin
a product formed in the liver from the breakdown of hemoglobin
57
chromogen
a substance that becomes colored when it undergoes a chemical change
58
galactosuria
the presence of galactose in the urine; the condition in which galactose is excreted into the urin
59
globulins
/ a heterogeneous group of serum proteins with varied functions
60
glycosuria
glucose in the urine; glucosuria
61
hematuria
the presence of blood in the urine
62
hemoglobinuria
the presence of hemoglobin in urine
63
ketones
a group of chemical substances produced during increased fat metabolism; ketone bodies
64
ketonuria
/ ketones in the urine
65
microalbumin
a small amount of albumin in urine that is not detectable by routine reagent strip
66
microalbuminuria
condition in which small amounts of albumin are present in the urine but are not detectable by routine reagent strip
67
proteinuria
protein in the urine, usually albumin
68
specific gravity (sp. gr.)
the ratio of the weight of a solution to the weight of an equal volume of distilled water; a measurement of density
69
urobilinogen
/ breakdown product of bilirubin formed by the action of intestinal bacteria
70
cast
in urinalysis, a protein matrix formed in the kidney tubules and washed out into the urine
71
flagellum (pl., flagella
/ slender, lash-like appendage that serves as organ of locomotion for sperm cells and some protozoa
72
hyaline
transparent, pale
73
protozoa
unicellular eukaryotic organisms, both free-living and parasitic
74
sediment
solids that settle to the bottom of a liquid
75
supernatant
the clear liquid remaining at the top of a solution after centrifugation or the settling out of solid substances in a solution; the liquid lying above a sediment
76
yeast
a small, single-celled eukaryotic fungus that reproduces by fission or budding
77

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