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CLS_hosa > unit 5 vocab > Flashcards

unit 5 vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Bowman’s capsule

A

the portion of the nephron that receives the glomerular filtrate

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2
Q

cortex

A

the outer layer or portion of an organ

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3
Q

distal convoluted tubule

A

/ the portion of a renal tubule that empties into the collecting tubule

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4
Q

cystitis

A

inflammation of the urinary bladder, usually caused by an infection

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5
Q

dialysate

A

/ in kidney dialysis, a solution used to draw waste products and excess fluid from the body

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6
Q

glomerular filtrate

A

the acellular, low-protein ultrafiltrate of plasma that passes from the glomerular capillary to
the space of Bowman’s capsule and from which urine is formed

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7
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

/ inflammation of the glomeruli

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8
Q

glomerulus (pl. glomeruli)

A

/ a small bundle of capillaries that is the filtering portion of the nephron

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9
Q

kidney

A

the organ in which urine is formed

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10
Q

loop of Henle

A

the U-shaped portion of a renal tubule between its proximal and distal portions

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11
Q

medulla

A

the inner or central portion of an organ

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12
Q

nephron

A

the structural and functional unit of the kidney composed of a glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, and its
associated renal tubule

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13
Q

nephropathy

A

general term for kidney disease

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14
Q

nephrotoxic

A

toxic or destructive to kidney cells

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15
Q

peritoneum

A

/ a membrane lining the abdominal cavity and containing a fluid that keeps abdominal organs from
adhering to the abdominal wall; parietal peritoneum

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16
Q

proximal convoluted tubule

A

the portion of a renal tubule that collects the filtrate from Bowman’s capsule

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17
Q

pyelitis

A

inflammation of the renal pelvis, usually caused by an infection

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18
Q

pyelonephritis

A

/ inflammation of the kidney and the renal pelvis, usually caused by an infection

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19
Q

renal hilus

A

the concavity in the kidney where nerves and vessels enter or exit

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20
Q

renal pelvis

A

the funnel-shaped expansion of the upper portion of the ureter that receives urine from the renal tubules

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21
Q

renal threshold

A

/ the blood concentration above which a substance not normally excreted by the kidneys
appears in urine

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22
Q

renal tubule

A

a small tube of the nephron that collects and concentrates urine

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23
Q

tubular necrosis

A

death of the tissue comprising the renal tubules

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24
Q

ureter

A

the tube carrying urine from the kidney to the urinary bladde

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25
Q

urethra

A

the canal through which urine is discharged from the urinary bladder

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26
Q

urinary bladder

A

an organ for the temporary storage of urine

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27
Q

urinary tract infection (UTI) /

A

an infection of the urinary tract, usually of the urethra

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28
Q
A
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29
Q

anuria

A

absence of urine production; failure of kidney function and suppression of urine production

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30
Q

clean-catch urine

A

a midstream urine sample collected after the urethral opening and surrounding tissues have
been cleansed

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31
Q

midstream urine

A

/ a urine sample collected from the mid-portion of a urine stream

32
Q

nocturia

A

/ excessive urination at night

33
Q

oliguria

A

decreased production of urine

34
Q

polyuria

A

/ excessive production of urine

35
Q

random urine specimen

A

a urine specimen collected at any time, without regard to diet or time of day

36
Q

amorphous

A

without definite shape

37
Q

amorphous phosphates

A

granular crystals without uniform shape that can form in alkaline urine, give urine
sediment a whitish appearance after centrifugation, and appear clear microscopically

38
Q

amorphous urates

A

granular crystals without uniform shape that can form in acid urine, can give urine
sediment a pink appearance after centrifugation and appear yellowish microscopically

39
Q

hematuria

A

the presence of blood in the urine

40
Q

hemoglobinuria

A

the presence of hemoglobin in the urine

41
Q

ketones

A

a group of chemical substances produced during increased fat metabolism; ketone bodies

42
Q

maple syrup urine disease (MSUD)

A

/ a rare metabolic condition in which the amino acids leucine,
isoleucine, and valine are not metabolized, causing the urine to have the odor of maple syrup

43
Q

melanin

A

a dark pigment of skin, hair, and certain tumors

44
Q

mucus

A

a substance secreted by cells lining the urethra and vagina and that can be present in urine

45
Q

myoglobin /

A

a pigmented, oxygen-carrying protein found in muscle tissue

46
Q

opalescent

A

having a milky iridescence

47
Q

phenylketonuria (PKU)

A

an inherited condition in which the amino acid phenylalanine is not metabolized, but is
excreted into the urine and causes urine to have a mousy or musty odor

48
Q

porphyrins

A

a group of light-sensitive, pigmented, ringed chemical structures that are required for the synthesis of
hemoglobin

49
Q

refractive index

A

/ the ratio of the speed of light in air to the speed of light in a solution

50
Q

refractometer

A

an instrument for measuring the refractive index of a substance; also called a total solids meter

51
Q

specific gravity (sp. gr.)

A

the ratio of the weight of a solution to the weight of an equal volume of distilled water; a
measurement of density

52
Q

turbid

A

having a cloudy appearance

53
Q

urinometer

A

a float with a calibrated stem used for measuring specific gravity of urine; hydrometer

54
Q

urochrome

A

the yellow pigment that gives urine its color

55
Q

albumin

A

the most abundant protein in normal plasma; a homogeneous group of plasma proteins that are made
in the liver and help maintain osmotic balance

56
Q

bilirubin

A

a product formed in the liver from the breakdown of hemoglobin

57
Q

chromogen

A

a substance that becomes colored when it undergoes a chemical change

58
Q

galactosuria

A

the presence of galactose in the urine; the condition in which galactose is excreted into the urin

59
Q

globulins

A

/ a heterogeneous group of serum proteins with varied functions

60
Q

glycosuria

A

glucose in the urine; glucosuria

61
Q

hematuria

A

the presence of blood in the urine

62
Q

hemoglobinuria

A

the presence of hemoglobin in urine

63
Q

ketones

A

a group of chemical substances produced during increased fat metabolism; ketone bodies

64
Q

ketonuria

A

/ ketones in the urine

65
Q

microalbumin

A

a small amount of albumin in urine that is not detectable by routine reagent strip

66
Q

microalbuminuria

A

condition in which small amounts of albumin are present in the urine but are not
detectable by routine reagent strip

67
Q

proteinuria

A

protein in the urine, usually albumin

68
Q

specific gravity (sp. gr.)

A

the ratio of the weight of a solution to the weight of an equal volume of distilled water; a
measurement of density

69
Q

urobilinogen

A

/ breakdown product of bilirubin formed by the action of intestinal bacteria

70
Q

cast

A

in urinalysis, a protein matrix formed in the kidney tubules and washed out into the urine

71
Q

flagellum (pl., flagella

A

/ slender, lash-like appendage that serves as organ of locomotion for sperm cells and
some protozoa

72
Q

hyaline

A

transparent, pale

73
Q

protozoa

A

unicellular eukaryotic organisms, both free-living and parasitic

74
Q

sediment

A

solids that settle to the bottom of a liquid

75
Q

supernatant

A

the clear liquid remaining at the top of a solution after centrifugation or the settling out of solid
substances in a solution; the liquid lying above a sediment

76
Q

yeast

A

a small, single-celled eukaryotic fungus that reproduces by fission or budding

77
Q
A

CLS_hosa (10 decks)

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