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CLS_hosa > unit 6 vocab > Flashcards

unit 6 vocab Flashcards

1
Q

alanine aminotransferase (ALT

A

an enzyme present in high concentration in the liver and measured
to assess liver function; formerly called SGPT

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2
Q

albumins

A

the most abundant protein in normal plasma; a homogeneous group of plasma proteins that are
made in the liver and help maintain osmotic balance

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3
Q

alkaline phosphatase (ALP or AP)

A

an enzyme widely distributed in the body, especially in the liver and bone

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4
Q

analyte

A

a chemical substance that is the subject of chemical analysis

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5
Q

aspartate aminotransferase (AST)

A

an enzyme present in many tissues, including cardiac, muscle, and liver,
and measured to assess liver function; formerly called SGOT

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6
Q

bilirubin

A

a product formed in the liver from the breakdown of hemoglobin

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7
Q

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

A

a test measuring urea nitrogen in blood

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8
Q

B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)

A

a peptide hormone released primarily from the ventricles of the heart and
used as a marker for cardiac function

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9
Q

cardiovascular disease (CVD)

A

/ disease of the heart and blood vessels resulting from a variety of causes

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10
Q

coronary heart disease (CHD)

A

a narrowing of the small blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the
heart; also called coronary artery disease (CAD)

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11
Q

C-reactive protein (CRP)

A

one of the acute phase proteins found in plasma in inflammation

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12
Q

creatine kinase (CK)

A

an enzyme present in large amounts in brain tissue and heart and skeletal muscle and a form
of which is measured to aid in diagnosing heart attack

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13
Q

creatinine

A

/ a breakdown product of creatine that is normally excreted in the urine

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14
Q

electrolytes

A

the cations and anions important in maintaining fluid and acid–base balanc

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15
Q

gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT

A

an enzyme present in liver, kidney, pancreas, and prostate, and
measured to assess liver function

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16
Q

globulins

A

/ a heterogeneous group of serum proteins with varied function

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17
Q

glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

A

an estimation of how much blood passes through the glomeruli per unit of time
(minute); an estimate of the number of functioning nephrons made by using the rate at which molecules such
as creatinine and urea are filtered by the kidneys

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18
Q

gout

A

a painful condition in which blood uric acid is elevated and urates precipitate in joints

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19
Q

HDL cholesterol

A

high-density lipoprotein fraction of blood cholesterol; good cholesterol

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20
Q

homeostasis

A

the tendency toward steady state or equilibrium of body processes

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21
Q

homocysteine

A

an amino acid, elevated blood levels of which are associated with increased risk for vascular and
cardiovascular disease

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22
Q

hypercalcemia

A

blood calcium levels above normal

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23
Q

hyperlipidemia

A

excessive amount of fat in the blood

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24
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

/ excessive functional activity of the thyroid gland; excessive secretion of thyroid hormone

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25
Q

hypoalbuminemia

A

marked decrease in serum albumin concentration

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26
Q

hypocalcemia

A

blood calcium levels below normal

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27
Q

hypothyroidism

A

underactive function of the thyroid gland; abnormally low production of thyroid hormones

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28
Q

lactate dehydrogenase (LD or LDH)

A

/ an enzyme widely distributed in the body and measured to assess liver
function

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29
Q

LDL cholesterol

A

low-density lipoprotein fraction of blood cholesterol; bad cholesterol

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30
Q

lipids

A

any one of a group of fats or fat-like substances

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31
Q

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

A

a hormone that is synthesized by the anterior pituitary gland and regulates
the activity of the thyroid gland; thyrotropin

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32
Q

thyroxine

A

a thyroid hormone, commonly called T4

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33
Q

triglycerides

A

the major storage form of lipids; lipid molecules formed from glycerol and fatty acids

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34
Q

triiodothyronine

A

one of the thyroid hormones, commonly called T3

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35
Q

troponins

A

intracellular proteins that are present in skeletal and heart muscle and are released when muscle
is injured

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36
Q

uric acid

A

a breakdown product of nucleic acids

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37
Q

VLDL cholesterol

A

very low density lipoprotein fraction of blood cholesterol

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38
Q

anticoagulant

A

a chemical or substance that prevents blood coagulation

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39
Q

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

the fluid surrounding the spinal cord and bathing the ventricles of the brain

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40
Q

diurnal

A

having a daily cycle

41
Q

lipemic

A

having a cloudy appearance because of excess lipid content

42
Q

order of draw

A

a standard order of filling blood collection tubes when obtaining blood from a venipuncture in order to avoid cross-contamination between tubes

43
Q

pericardial fluid

A

the fluid within the pericardial sa

44
Q

plasma

A

the liquid portion of blood in which the blood cells are suspended; the straw colored liquid remaining after blood cells are removed from anticoagulated blood

45
Q

pleural fluid

A

the fluid in the space between the pleural membrane of the lung and the inner chest wall

46
Q

serum

A

the liquid obtained from blood that has been allowed to clot

47
Q

absorbance(A)

A

a logarithmic espression of the amount of light absorbed by a substance containing colored molecules; optical density (O.D.)

48
Q

amperometry

A

the technology that uses electrodes and electrode potential to measure electron generation

49
Q

Beer’s law

A

a mathematical relationship that demostrates the linear relationship of concentration to absorbance and that forms the basis for spectrophotometric analysis

50
Q

ion-selesctive electrode

A

an electrode manufactured to detect a specific ion and measure its concentration

51
Q

monochromator

A

a device that isolates a narrow portion of the light spectrum

52
Q

nephelometry

A

an analytical technique used to measure light scatter by particles in solution

53
Q

percent transmittance(%T)

A

the percentage of light that passes through a solution

54
Q

reflectance photometer

A

an instrument that measures the light reflected from a colored reaction product

55
Q

solid-phase chemicstry

A

an analytical method in which the sample is added to a strip or slide containing all reagents for the procedure in dried form

56
Q

spectrophotometer

A

an instrument that measures light intensity at specific wavelengths

57
Q

alpha cell

A

a type of cell in the islets of Langerhans that makes and secretes glucagon

58
Q

beta cell

A

a type of cell in the islets of Langerhans that makes and secretes proinsulin and insulin

59
Q

cellular respiration

A

the series of cellular metabolic processes in which organic substances are oxidized and energy
in the form of ATP is released

60
Q

chromogen

A

a substance that becomes colored when it undergoes a chemical change

61
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism characterized by a state of hyperglycemia resulting from
insulin deficiency

62
Q

glucagon

A

the pancreatic hormone that increases blood glucose concentration by promoting the conversion of
glycogen to glucose

63
Q

gluconeogenesis

A

production of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources

64
Q

glucose dehydrogenase

A

an enzyme that converts glucose to gluconolactone and that is used in glucose analytical
methods

65
Q

glucose oxidase

A

/ an enzyme that converts glucose to gluconic acid and that is used in glucose analytical methods

66
Q

glycogen

A

the storage form of glucose found in high concentration in the liver

67
Q

glycogenesis

A

conversion of glucose to glycogen

68
Q

glycogenolysis

A

the conversion of glycogen to glucose

69
Q

glycolysis

A

energy production as a result of the metabolic breakdown of glucose; the breakdown of glucose to
pyruvic acid or lactic acid accompanied by the release of energy in the form of ATP

70
Q

hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)

A

hemoglobin modified by the binding of glucose to the beta globin chains of
hemoglobin; also called glycated or glycosylated hemoglobin

71
Q

hexokinase

A

an enzyme that converts glucose to glucose-6-phosphate and that is used in glucose analytical methods

72
Q

hyperglycemia

A

blood glucose concentration above normal

73
Q

hypoglycemia

A

blood glucose concentration below normal

74
Q

insulin

A

the pancreatic hormone essential for proper metabolism of blood glucose and maintenance of blood glucose
levels

75
Q

islets of Langerhans

A

irregular-shaped clusters of cells scattered throughout the pancreas that contain alpha cells,
beta cells, delta cells, and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) secreting cells

76
Q

oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)

A

/ analysis of blood glucose at timed intervals following ingestion of a standard
glucose dose

77
Q

peroxidase

A

an enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen

78
Q

postprandial

A

after eating

79
Q

proinsulin /

A

a precursor of insulin

80
Q

atherosclerosis

A

a form of arteriosclerosis in which lipids, calcium, cholesterol, and other substances deposit
on the inner walls of the arteries

81
Q

chylomicrons

A

/ lipoproteins made in the small intestine and released into the blood to transport exogenous
(dietary) cholesterol and triglycerides from the small intestines to the liver and other tissues

82
Q

coronary heart disease (CHD)

A

a narrowing of the small blood vessels that supply blood to the heart; also
called coronary artery disease

83
Q

endogenous

A

produced within; growing from within

84
Q

exogenous

A

/ originating from the outside

85
Q

HDL cholesterol

A

high-density lipoprotein fraction of blood cholesterol; good cholesterol

86
Q

LDL cholesterol

A

low-density lipoprotein fraction of blood cholesterol; bad cholesterol

87
Q

myocardial infarction (MI)

A

/ heart attack caused by obstruction of the blood supply to or within the heart

88
Q

triglycerides

A

the major storage form of lipids; lipid molecules formed from glycerol and fatty acids

89
Q

acidosis

A

/ a condition in which blood pH falls below 7.35

90
Q

alkalosis

A

/ a condition in which blood pH rises above 7.45

91
Q

anion gap

A

a mathematical calculation of the difference between the cations and anions measured in the
electrolyte assay

92
Q

hyperkalemia

A

a / blood potassium levels above normal

93
Q

hypernatremia

A

blood sodium levels above normal

94
Q

hypokalemia

A

a / blood potassium levels below normal

95
Q

hyponatremia /

A

/ blood sodium levels below normal

96
Q

guaiac

A

a chemical derived from the resin of a tree of the genus Guaiacum

97
Q

occult

A

concealed or hidden

98
Q

polyp

A

growth of tissue projecting from a mucous membrane

99
Q
A

CLS_hosa (10 decks)

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