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CLS_hosa > unit 2 vocab > Flashcards

unit 2 vocab Flashcards

1
Q

anemia

A

a condition in which the red blood cell count or hemoglobin level is below normal; a condition
resulting in decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood

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2
Q

anticoagulant

A

a chemical or substance that prevents blood coagulation

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3
Q

arteriole

A

a small branch of an artery leading to a capillary

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4
Q

artery

A

a blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues

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5
Q

capillary

A

a minute blood vessel that connects the smallest arteries to the smallest veins and serves as an oxygen
exchange vessel

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6
Q

cardiopulmonary circulation

A

the system of blood vessels that circulates blood from the heart to the lungs and
back to the heart

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7
Q

complete blood count (CBC)

A

a commonly performed grouping of hematological tests

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8
Q

deoxyhemoglobin

A

the hemoglobin formed when oxyhemoglobin releases oxygen to tissues

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9
Q

EDTA

A

ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; an anticoagulant commonly used in hematology

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10
Q

erythrocyte

A

red blood cell; RBC

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11
Q

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)

A

an anticoagulant commonly used in hematology

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12
Q

granulocyte

A

a white blood cell containing granules in the cytoplasm; any of the neutrophilic, eosinophilic, or
basophilic leukocytes

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13
Q

hematology

A

the study of blood and the blood-forming tissues

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14
Q

hematopoietic stem cell

A

see hemopoietic stem cell

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15
Q

hemoglobin (Hb, Hgb)

A

the major functional component of red blood cells that is the oxygen-carrying molecule

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16
Q

hemopoiesis

A

the process of blood cell formation and development; hematopoiesis

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17
Q

hemopoietic stem cell

A

an undifferentiated bone marrow cell that gives rise to blood cells; also called hematopoietic
stem cell

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18
Q

hemostasis

A

the process of stopping bleeding, which includes clot formation and clot dissolution

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19
Q

leukemia

A

a chronic or acute disease involving unrestrained increase in leukocytes

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20
Q

eukocyte

A

white blood cell; WBC

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21
Q

megakaryocyte

A

a large bone marrow cell from which platelets are derived

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22
Q

oxyhemoglobin

A

the form of hemoglobin that binds and transports oxygen

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23
Q

plasma

A

the liquid portion of blood in which the blood cells are suspended; the straw-colored liquid remaining after
blood cells are removed from anticoagulated blood

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24
Q

platelet

A

a formed element in circulating blood that plays an important role in blood coagulation; a small
disk-shaped fragment of cytoplasm derived from a megakaryocyte; a thrombocyte

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25
Q

red blood cell (RBC)

A

blood cell that transports oxygen (O2) to tissues and carbon dioxide (CO2) to the lungs;
erythrocyte

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26
Q

stem cell

A

an undifferentiated cell

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27
Q

systemic circulation

A

the system of blood vessels that carries blood from the heart to the tissues and back to the heart

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28
Q

thrombocyte

A

a blood platelet

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29
Q

vein

A

a blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the tissues to the heart

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30
Q

venule

A

a small vein connecting a capillary to a vein

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31
Q

white blood cell (WBC)

A

blood cell that functions in immunity; leukocyte

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32
Q

azidemethemoglobin

A

a stable compound formed when azide combines with methemoglobin

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33
Q

cyanmethemoglobin

A

a stable colored compound formed when hemoglobin is reacted with Drabkin’s reagent;
hemiglobincyanide (HiCN)

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34
Q

Drabkin’s reagent

A

a hemoglobin diluting reagent that contains iron, potassium, cyanide, and sodium bicarbonate

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35
Q

globin

A

the protein portion of the hemoglobin molecule

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36
Q

heme

A

the iron-containing portion of the hemoglobin molecule

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37
Q

hemiglobincyanide (HiCN)

A

cyanmethemoglobin

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38
Q

hemoglobin (Hb, Hgb)

A

the major functional component of red blood cells that is the oxygen-carrying molecule

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39
Q

buffy coat

A

a light-colored layer of white blood cells and platelets that forms on top of the red blood cell layer
when a sample of blood is centrifuged or allowed to stand undisturbed

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40
Q

capillary tube

A

a slender glass or plastic tube used in laboratory procedures

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41
Q

hematocrit

A

the volume of red blood cells packed by centrifugation in a given volume of blood and expressed
as a percentage; packed cell volume (PCV)

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42
Q

microhematocrit

A

a hematocrit performed in capillary tubes using a small quantity of blood; packed cell
volume (PCV)

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43
Q

microhematocrit centrifuge

A

an instrument that spins capillary tubes at a high speed to rapidly separate
cellular components of the blood from the liquid portion of blood

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44
Q

packed cell column

A

he layers of blood cells that form when a tube of whole blood is centrifuged

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45
Q

cell diluting fluid

A

a solution used to dilute blood for cell counts

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46
Q

hemacytometer

A

a heavy glass slide made to precise specifications and used to count cells microscopically;
a counting chamber

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47
Q

hemacytometer coverglass

A

a special coverglass of uniform thickness used with a hemacytometer

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48
Q

micropipet

A

a pipet that measures or holds 1mL or less

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49
Q

aperture

A

an opening

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50
Q

erythrocytosis

A

an excess of red blood cells in the peripheral blood; sometimes called polycythemia

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51
Q

hemolysis

A

the rupture or destruction of red blood cells, resulting in the release of hemoglobin

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52
Q

immunity

A

resistance to disease or infection

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53
Q

isotonic solution

A

a solution with the same concentration of dissolved particles as the solution or cell with
which it is compared

54
Q

leukocytosis

A

increase above normal in the number of leukocytes (white blood cells) in the blood

55
Q

leukopenia

A

decrease below normal in the number of leukocytes (white blood cells) in the blood;
leukocytopenia

56
Q

immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

A

a blood disorder characterized by purpura in skin and mucous
membranes and low platelet count caused by the destruction of platelets by antiplatelet autoantibodies;
also called idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

57
Q

petri dish

A

a shallow, round covered dish made of plastic or glass primarily used to culture microorganisms

58
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

abnormally low number of platelets in the blood

59
Q

thrombocytosis

A

abnormally high number of platelets in the blood; thrombocythemia

60
Q

thromboembolism

A

blockage of a blood vessel by a clot (thrombus) that formed in another vessel

61
Q
A
62
Q

buffer

A

a solution that resists a sudden, marked change in pH when acid or base
(alkali) is added

63
Q

cytoplasm

A

the fluid portion of the cell surrounding the nucleus

64
Q

eosin

A

a red-orange stain or dye

65
Q

fixative

A

preservative; a chemical that prevents deterioration of cells or tissues

66
Q

methylene blue

A

a blue stain or dye

67
Q

morphology

A

the form and structure of cells, tissues, and organs

68
Q

nucleus (pl. nuclei)

A

the central structure of a cell that contains DNA and controls cell growth
and function

69
Q

polychromatic

A

having many colors

70
Q

Wright’s stain

A

a combination of eosin and methylene blue in methanol;
a polychromatic stain

71
Q

azurophilic

A

a term used to describe the reddis-purple staining characteristics of certain cells or cell structures;
having an affinity for azure dyes

72
Q

band cell

A

an immature granulocyte with a nonsegmented nucleus; a “stab cell”

73
Q

basophil

A

a white blood cell containing basophilic-staining granules in the cytoplasm

74
Q

basophilic

A

blue in color; having affinity for the basic stain

75
Q

eosinophil

A

a white blood cell containing eosinophilic granules in the cytoplasm

76
Q

erythrocyte

A

red blood cell; RBC

77
Q

leukocyte

A

white blood cell; WBC

78
Q

lymphocyte

A

a small basophilic-staining white blood cell having a round or oval nucleus and playing a vital
role in the immune process

79
Q

megakaryocyte

A

a large bone marrow cell from which platelets are derived

80
Q

monocyte

A

a large white blood cell usually having a convoluted or horseshoe-shaped nucleus

81
Q

neutrophil

A

a white blood cell containing neutral-staining cytoplasmic granules and a segmented nucleus; also
called polymorphonuclear cell (PMN), poly, or seg

82
Q

platelet

A

a formed element in circulating blood that plays an important role in blood coagulation; a small diskshaped fragment of cytoplasm derived from a megakaryocyte; a thrombocyte

83
Q

anisocytosis

A

marked variation in the sizes of erythrocytes

84
Q

atypical lymphocyte

A

lymphocyte that occurs in response to viral infections and that is common in infectious
mononucleosis; reactive lymphocyte

85
Q

differential count

A

a determination of the relative numbers of each type of white blood cell when a specified
number (usually 100) is counted; white blood cell differential count; leukocyte differential count

86
Q

hypochromic

A

having reduced color or hemoglobin content

87
Q

macrocytic

A

having a larger-than-normal cell size

88
Q

microcytic

A

having a smaller-than-normal cell size

89
Q

normochromic

A

having normal color

90
Q

normocytic

A

having a normal cell size

91
Q

phagocytosis

A

the engulfing of a foreign particle or cell by another cell

92
Q

poikilocytosis

A

significant variation in the shape of red blood cells

93
Q

reactive lymphocyte

A

see atypical lymphocyte

94
Q

aperture

A

an opening

95
Q

electrolyte solution

A

a solution that contains ions and conducts an electrical current

96
Q

femtoliter (fL)

A

10–15 liter

97
Q

fluorescent

A

having the property of emitting light of one wavelength when exposed to light of another wavelength

98
Q

histogram

A

a graph that illustrates the size and frequency of occurrence of articles being studied

99
Q

impedance

A

resistance in an electrical circuit

100
Q

index of refraction /

A

the ratio of the velocity of light in one medium, such as air, to its velocity in another material

101
Q

laser

A

a narrow, intense beam of light of only one wavelength going in only one direction

102
Q

mean cell hemoglobin (MCH

A

average red blood cell hemoglobin expressed in picograms (pg); mean
corpuscular hemoglobin

103
Q

mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)

A

comparison of the weight of hemoglobin in a red blood cell
to the size of the red blood cell, expressed in percentage or grams per deciliter (g/dL); mean corpuscular
hemoglobin concentration

104
Q

mean cell volume (MCV)

A

average red blood cell volume in a blood sample, expressed in femtoliters (fL) or cubic
microns (μ3
); mean corpuscular volume

105
Q

picogram

A

10–12 gram

106
Q

red blood cell indices

A

calculated values that compare the size and hemoglobin content of red blood cells in a blood
sample to reference values; erythrocyte indices

107
Q

basophilia

A

abnormal increase in the number of basophils in the blood; basophilic leukocytosis; also, the
affinity of cellular structures for basophilic dyes

108
Q

basophilic stippling

A

remnants of RNA and other basophilic nuclear material remaining inside the red blood cell
after the nucleus is lost from the cell; small purple granules in red blood cells stained with Wright’s stain

109
Q

blast cell

A

an immature blood cell normally found only in the bone marrow

110
Q

codocyte

A

target cell

111
Q

crenated cell

A

a shrunken red blood cell with scalloped or toothed margins

112
Q

drepanocyte

A

sickle cell

113
Q

elliptocyte

A

elongated, cigar-shaped red blood cell

114
Q

eosinophilia

A

abnormal increase in the number of eosinophils in the blood

115
Q

folic acid

A

a member of the B vitamin complex

116
Q

erythropoiesis

A

the production of red blood cells

117
Q

Miller reticle

A

a reticle that imposes two squares over the field of view and that is used for reticulocyte counts

118
Q

reticle

A

a glass circle etched with a pattern of calibrated grids, lines, or circles and inserted into a microscope
eyepiece to allow the etched pattern to be imposed on the field of view

119
Q

reticulocyte

A

an immature erythrocyte that still contains RNA remnants in the cytoplasm

120
Q

reticulocytopenia

A

a decrease below the normal number of reticulocytes in the circulating blood

121
Q

reticulocytosis

A

an increase above the normal number of reticulocytes in the circulating blood

122
Q

reticulum

A

a filamentous network

123
Q

ribonucleic acid (RNA)

A

the nucleic acid that is important in protein synthesis and that is found in all living cells

124
Q

supravital stain

A

a nontoxic dye used to stain living cells or tissues

125
Q

acute phase proteins

A

proteins that increase rapidly in plasma during acute infection and inflammation, or
following tissue injury

126
Q

aggregate

A

the total substances making up a mass; a cluster or clump of particles

127
Q

inflammation

A

a nonspecific protective response to tissue injury that is initiated by the release of chemicals
such as histamine and serotonin and the actions of phagocytic cells

128
Q

polycythemia

A

an excess of red blood cells in the peripheral blood

129
Q

rouleau(x)

A

group(s) of red blood cells arranged like a roll of coins

130
Q

sedimentation

A

the process of solid particles settling to the bottom of a liquid

131
Q

Westergren pipet

A

a slender pipet marked from 0 to 200mm, used in the Westergren erythrocyte
sedimentation rate method

132
Q

Wintrobe tube

A

a slender, thick-walled tube used in the Wintrobe erythrocyte sedimentation rate

CLS_hosa (10 decks)

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