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CLS_hosa > unit 4 vocab > Flashcards

unit 4 vocab Flashcards

1
Q

agglutination

A

/ the clumping or aggregation of particulate antigens resulting from reaction with specific
antibody

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2
Q

allergy

A

/ a condition resulting from an exaggerated immune response; hypersensitivity

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3
Q

anamnestic response

A

rapid increase in blood immunoglobulins following a second exposure to an antigen;
also called booster response or secondary response

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4
Q

antibody (Ab)

A

protein that is induced by, and reacts specifically with, a foreign substance (antigen);
immunoglobulin

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5
Q

antigen (Ag

A

foreign substance that induces an immune response by causing production of antibodies and/or
sensitized lymphocytes that react specifically with that substance; immunogen

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6
Q

autoimmune disease

A

/ disease caused when the immune response is directed at one’s own tissues (selfantigens)

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7
Q

B lymphocyte (B cell

A

/ the type of lymphocyte primarily responsible for the humoral immune response

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8
Q

v/ the type of lymphocyte primarily responsible for the humoral immune response

A

mmunity provided by T lymphocytes and cytokines

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9
Q

complement

A

a group of plasma proteins that can be activated in immune reactions, can cause cell lysis, and can
help initiate the inflammatory response

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10
Q

cytokines

A

any of various nonantibody proteins secreted by cells of the immune system and that help regulate the
immune response; lymphokines

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11
Q

dendritic cells

A

cells in lymphoid tissues that form a network to trap foreign antigens

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12
Q

enzyme immunoassay (EIA)

A

an assay that uses an enzyme-labeled antibody as a reactant

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13
Q

epitope

A

/ the portion of an antigen that reacts specifically with an antibody; antigenic determinant

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14
Q

humoral immunity

A

/ immunity provided by B lymphocytes and antibodie

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15
Q

immunocompetent

A

capable of producing a normal immune response

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16
Q

immunocompromised

A

/ having reduced ability or inability to produce a normal immune response

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17
Q

immunoglobulins (Ig)

A

antibodies; proteins that are induced by and react specifically with antigens
(immunogens)

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18
Q

immunology

A

the branch of medicine encompassing the study of the immune processes and immunity

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19
Q

immunosuppression

A

suppression of the immune response by physical, chemical, or biological means

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20
Q

inflammation

A

/ a nonspecific protective response to tissue injury that is initiated primarily by the release of
chemicals such as histamine and serotonin and by the actions of phagocytic cells

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21
Q

lymphokines

A

/ nonantibody proteins produced by lymphocytes in response to antigen stimulation and that play a
role in regulating the immune response; cytokines

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22
Q

macrophages

A

long-lived phagocytic tissue cells that are derived from blood monocytes, function in destruction of
foreign antigens, and serve as antigen-presenting cells

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23
Q

monoclonal antibody

A

/ antibody derived from a single cell line or clone

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24
Q

plasma cell /

A

a differentiated B lymphocyte that produces antibodies

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25
Q

polyclonal antibodies /

A

antibodies derived from more than one cell line

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26
Q

precipitation

A

/ formation of an insoluble antigen–antibody complex

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27
Q

primary lymphoid organs

A

/ organs in which B and T lymphocytes acquire their special characteristics; in humans,
the bone marrow and thymu

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28
Q

secondary lymphoid tissue

A

tissues in which lymphocytes are concentrated, such as the spleen, lymph nodes, and
tonsils

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29
Q

seroconversion

A

the appearance of antibody in the serum or plasma of an individual following exposure to an antigen

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30
Q

serology

A

/ the study of antibodies and antigens in serum or plasma using immunological methods

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31
Q

T lymphocyte (T cell)

A

the type of lymphocyte responsible for the cell-mediated immune response

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32
Q

thymus

A

/ a gland located in the upper chest that is the primary lymphoid tissue in which lymphocytes mature and
acquire T cell characteristics

33
Q

titer

A

in serology, the reciprocal of the highest dilution that gives the desired reaction; the concentration of a
substance determined by titration

34
Q

chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)

A

a syndrome characterized by prolonged fatigue and other nonspecific
symptoms, and for which the cause remains unknown

35
Q

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV

A

/ a virus that infects lymphocytes and is the cause of infectious mononucleosis
hepatosplenomegaly / enlargement of the liver and spleen

36
Q

heterophile antibodies

A

/ a group of multispecific antibodies that are increased in infectious mononucleosis and
that react with heterogeneous antigens not responsible for their production

37
Q

incubation period

A

the time elapsed between exposure to an infectious agent and the appearance of symptom

38
Q

infectious mononucleosis (IM)

A

a contagious viral disease occurring in primarily the 15- to 25-year-old
age-group and caused by infection with Epstein-Barr virus

39
Q

latent

A

dormant; in an inactive or hidden phase

40
Q

lymphadenopathy

A

/ a condition in which the lymph glands are enlarged or swollen

41
Q

lymphocytosis

A

an increase above the normal number of lymphocytes in the blood

42
Q

arthritis

A

inflammation of the joints, due to several cause

43
Q

autoantibody

A

an antibody directed against self (one’s own tissues

44
Q

reciprocal

A

/ inverse; one of a pair of numbers (as 2/3 and 3/2) that has a product of on

45
Q

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)/

A

/ an autoimmune disease characterized by pain, inflammation, and deformity of the
joints

46
Q

rheumatoid factors (RFs)

A

autoantibodies directed against the Fc fragment of human immunoglobulin G (IgG)
and often present in the serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis

47
Q

scleroderma

A

/ a systemic or localized autoimmune connective tissue disease characterized by a chronic
hardening (sclero) of skin (derma) and connective tissue

48
Q

Sjögren’s syndrome

A

a systemic autoimmune disease affecting moisture-producing glands such as tear, sweat,
and saliva glands but also affecting organs

49
Q

synovial/

A

of, or relating to, the lubricating fluid of the joints

50
Q

agglutination inhibition

A

interference with, or prevention of, agglutination

51
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

development of fetus outside the uterus; extrauterine pregnancy

52
Q

hemagglutination

A

the agglutination of red blood cells

53
Q

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

A

the hormone of pregnancy, produced by the placenta; also called
uterine chorionic gonadotropin (uCG)

54
Q

implantation

A

/ attachment of the early embryo to the uterus

55
Q

teratogenic

A

relating to a substance or agent capable of leading to birth defects by causing change or harm to a
fetus or embryo, or interfering with normal fetal development

56
Q

trophoblastic

A

relating to embryonic nutritive tissue

57
Q

American Association of Blood Banks (AABB)

A

international association that sets blood bank standards,
accredits blood banks, and promotes high standards of performance in the practice of transfusion
medicine

58
Q

apheresis

A

the process of removing a specific component, such as platelets, from donor blood, and returning the
remaining blood components to donor circulation

59
Q

blood bank

A

clinical laboratory department where blood components are tested and stored until needed for
transfusion; also called immunohematology department or transfusion services; the refrigerated unit used
for storing blood components

60
Q

immunohematology

A

the study of the human blood groups; in the clinical laboratory, often called blood
banking or transfusion services

61
Q

transplant

A

/ living tissue placed into the body; the placing of living tissue into the body

62
Q

antiserum

A

/ serum that contains antibodies

63
Q

blood bank /

A

/ clinical laboratory department where blood components are tested and stored until needed for
transfusion; also called immunohematology department or transfusion services; the refrigerated unit used
for storing blood components

64
Q

blood bank

A

clinical laboratory department where blood components are tested and stored until needed for
transfusion; also called immunohematology department or transfusion services; the refrigerated unit used
for storing blood components

65
Q

blood group antibody

A

a protein (immunoglobulin) that reacts specifically with a blood group antigen

66
Q

blood group antigen

A

/ a substance or structure on the red blood cell membrane that stimulates antibody
formation and reacts with that antibody

67
Q

codominant

A

/ in genetics, a gene that is expressed in the heterozygous state, that is, in the presence of a different
allelic gene

68
Q

forward grouping

A

the use of known antisera (antibodies) to detect unknown antigens on a patient’s cells;
forward typing; direct grouping

69
Q

histocompatibility testing

A

assays to determine if donor and recipient tissue are compatible

70
Q

human leukocyte antigen (HLA)

A

one of several antigens present on leukocytes and other body cells that are
important in transplant rejection

71
Q

major histocompatibility complex (MHC)

A

the group of genes responsible for producing antigens such as HLA
that are important in organ and tissue transplants

72
Q

reverse grouping

A

/ the use of known cells (antigens) to identify unknown antibodies in the patient’s serum or
plasma

73
Q

serological centrifuge

A

a centrifuge that spins small tubes such as those used in blood banking; serofuge

74
Q

anti–human globulin test

A

sensitive test that uses a commercial anti-human globulin reagent to detect human
globulin coated on red blood cells; antiglobulin test; Coombs’ test

75
Q

feto-maternal hemorrhage (FMH

A

/ the occurrence of fetal blood cells entering into the maternal circulation
before or during delivery

76
Q

genotype

A

the genetic makeup of a cell or organism

77
Q

hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) /

A

a condition in which maternal antibody targets fetal red blood
cells for destruction

78
Q

phenotype

A

the observable characteristics in a cell or organism as determined both by genetic makeup and
environmental factors

79
Q

Rh D immune globulin (RhIG)

A

a concentrated, purified solution of human anti-D antibody used for
injection

CLS_hosa (10 decks)

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