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HS Biology > Unit 7 Study GUide > Flashcards

Unit 7 Study GUide Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Botany

A

Study of plants

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2
Q

Agriculture

A

Growing plants and animals for human use

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3
Q

Cultivar

A

Variety of plant with at least one distinguishing characteristic that sets it apart from others

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4
Q

How many of the 350,000 plant species are used for food

A

10,000

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5
Q

Plants are the main _____ for humans

A

food

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6
Q

Cereals:

A

grasses that contain grains

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7
Q

Root Crops

A

roots or tubers that are rich in carbs

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8
Q

Legumes

A

Members of the pea family, bear seeds in pods

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9
Q

Why are legumes so important to other crops

A

They fix nitrogen in the soil

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10
Q

what is the most important Legume

A

Soybean

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11
Q

Fruits

A

Flowering plants that usually contain seeds

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12
Q

Vegetables

A

Food derived from the leaves, stems, seeds, and roots of nonwoody plants

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13
Q

Nuts

A

Dry, hard fruit that does not split open to release its seed

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14
Q

Spices

A

Come from plant parts other than the leafe and are tropical

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15
Q

Herbs

A

Come from leaves and can be grown anywhere

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16
Q

Flaborings

A

Seperate catagory and include foods such as chocolate and coconut

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17
Q

Current Status

A

Worldwide, fairly good

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18
Q

What are several threats to food production

A 
Famine
Loss of agricultural land
Government control
Food Safety
Impacts on Pollinators
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19
Q

aspirin

A

Worlds most widely used medicine

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20
Q

seed

A

embryo surrounded by a protective coating

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21
Q

Spore

A

Haploid reproductive cells surrounded by hard outer walls

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22
Q

Vascular Tissue

A

Supports plant and transports water

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23
Q

Xylem

A

Part of vascular tissue that carries water and nutrients

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24
Q

Phloem

A

Part of vascular tissue that carries compounds and nutrients

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25
Q

Cuticle

A

a waxy protective covering of plants that prevents water loss

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26
Q

Nonvascular

A

No vascular tissue, true roots, stems, and leaves

3 Phyla total

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27
Q

Vascular

A

Have vascular tissue, true roots, stems and leaves
9 Phyla total
Can be either seedless or seed bearing

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28
Q

Angiosperms

A

Biggest plant phyla

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29
Q

Diploid

A

Cells that have 2 sets of chromosomes

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30
Q

Haploid

A

cells that have 1 set of chromosome

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31
Q

seedless

A

Plants that do not bear seeds, usually produce spores

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32
Q

seed bearing

A

Bearing seeds

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33
Q

Gymnosperms

A

Produce naked seeds

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34
Q

Angiosperms

A

The flowering plants. Flowers work in some ways like cones do for Gymnosperms

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35
Q

Conifers

A

Cone bearing trees that do not loose their leaves

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36
Q

Monocot Characteristics

A 
ONe Cotyledon in seed
Root xylem and phloem in a ring
Vascular bundles scattered in stem
Leaf veins form in a parallel pattern
Flower parts in threes and multiple of three
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37
Q

Dicots

A 
Two cotyledons in seed
Root Phloem between arms of xylem 
Vascular bundles in distinct ring
Leaf veins form from a net pattern
Flowering parts in fours or fives
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38
Q

what is the largest single flower

A

Rotting Corpse Lilly

39
Q

What is the smallest flowering plant

A

Duckweed

40
Q

Parenchyma cells

A

Loosely packed or elongated cells, found throughout the plant, form bulk of nonwoody plants

41
Q

Collenchyma cells

A

Thicker irregular cells found beneath epidermis in young leaves, in leaf veins

42
Q

Sclerenchyma cells

A

Thick rigid cells found in fibers in wood, bark, and leaves

Involved in plant support and strengthening where plant no longer growing

43
Q

Dermal tissue system

A

Protection and prevention of water loss along with gas exchange

44
Q

Ground tissue system

A

Photosynthesis, food storage, regeneration, support, protection

45
Q

Vascular tissue system

A

Transport of water and minerals, transport of food

46
Q

WHere is the vascular tissue system located

A

In a central column

47
Q

Where is the ground tissue system located

A

Surrounding the vascular tissue and internal to the epidermis

48
Q

What type of tissue are the veins in leaves

A

Vascular tissue

49
Q

Epidermis

A

Outer layer made of Parenchyma cells

50
Q

Cuticle

A

waxy layer that covers epidermis, prevents water loss

51
Q

Stomata

A

Openings in leaf and stem epidermis that regulate passage of gasses and moisture

52
Q

Where does plant growth originate

A

Meristems regions where cells continueously divide

53
Q

How do plants grow in length

A

Primary growth produced by apical and intercalary meristems

54
Q

Growth in diameter

A

Secondary growth, produced by lateral meristems

55
Q

Meristems

A

produce new cells

56
Q

Apical meristems

A

Located at root and shoot tips

57
Q

Lateral meristems

A

Replaces epidermis with secondary dermal tissue

58
Q

Roots

A

Anchor the plant in the soil absorb and transport water and mineral nutrients and store water and organic compounds for the plants

59
Q

Taproot

A

The largest root of the plant, do not grow very deeply

60
Q

Fibrous

A

in plants where primary roots do not grow large, many small roots that branch out ex. Grasses

61
Q

Adventitious

A

Specialized roots that grow from uncommon places such as to support plant or obtain water and nutrients from the air

62
Q

Root hairs

A

extensions of epidermal cells that increase the surface area of root and thus plant’s ability to absorb water and minerals from soil

63
Q

what are functions of a root

A 
absorption of Macronutrients and micronutrients 
Transportation
Anchoring
Storage of carbs and water\
Growth
64
Q

Rhizomes

A

underground perennial stems such as in ferns

65
Q

Stolons

A

grow along soil surface, produce new plants

66
Q

Tuber

A

Underground modified for storing energy as starch

67
Q

Succulent

A

Green fleshy stems that store water and carry out photosynthesis

68
Q

Thorns

A

Protective spines

69
Q

Corms

A

in certain bulb flowers such as crocuses gladioli, cyclamens; store nutrients so plant can survive winter or drought

70
Q

Parasitic

A

strange other plants

71
Q

node

A

space where each leaf is attached

72
Q

Internode

A

The space between nodes is called

73
Q

Bud

A

new shoot system

74
Q

Terminal bud

A

The tip of each stem

75
Q

Stem Functions

A 
Support
Keep the leaves in the light
Flower and fruit holder 
Storage of fluids and nutrients
Transport fluids between roots and shoots
76
Q

Tendrill

A

Modified leaf such as found in peas and other vines, that wraps around other objects and supports the vine

77
Q

Tubular leaves

A

A leaf modification where water is trapped in leaves to lure insects or small animals so the plant can then digest the bodies for nutrients missing in the soil

78
Q

Spines/Prickles

A

protect plant from being eaten

79
Q

Bulb

A

An underground mass of fleshy storage leaves

80
Q

Dermal tissues

A

Epidermis, containing single layer of cells coated with impermeable cuticle.

81
Q

Ground Tissues

A

Located between epidermis layers, made of mesophyll site of most photosynthesis, 2 types: palisade mesophyll and spongy mesophyll

82
Q

Vascular tissue

A

Composed of veins which lie embedded in mesophyll

83
Q

Leaf Functions

A

Site of photosynthesis
Capturing light
Gas exchange

84
Q

Pistil

A

female part of flower

85
Q

Stamen

A

Male part of a flower

86
Q

endosperm

A

Tissue which nourishes the embryo

87
Q

Fruit

A

A mature ovary

88
Q

Are seeds living

A

Yes

89
Q

How ways seeds are spread

A 
Animals
Fruits
Humans
Wind
Tumbleweeds
Water
Gravity
Propulsion
90
Q

Cotyledons

A

In all seeds the embryo has one or more seed leaves

91
Q

Seed germination

A

Seed to plant

92
Q

Dormancy

A

Seeds waiting to germinate state of reduce metabolism where growth and development does not occur

93
Q

Conditions needed for germination

A

Water, oxygen, light, correct temperature

HS Biology (10 decks)

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