Chapter 12 Inheritance patters and Human Genetics

Question 1

Who discovered the Gene responsible for cystic fibrosis

Answer 1

Francis Collins

Question 2

who studied how CF is inherited

Answer 2

Jeff Pinard

Question 3

Who experimented with fruit flies

Answer 3

Thomas Hunt Morgan

Question 4

Sex chromosomes

Answer 4

Contains genes that determine the sex of an individual

Question 5

Autosomes

Answer 5

Chromosomes that are not directly involved in determining the sex of an individual

Question 6

Where do sex chromosomes pair

Answer 6

Meiosis 1

Question 7

SRY

Answer 7

Sex determining Region Y

Question 8

Sex Linked Trait

Answer 8

Trait refers to a trait that is coded for by and allele in a chromosome

Question 9

Linked genes

Answer 9

Pairs of genes that are linked because they are found on the same chromosome

Question 10

Chromosome map

Answer 10

Diagram that shows the linear order of genes on a chromosome

Question 11

Who made the first chromosome map

Answer 11

Alfred H. Sturtevant

Question 12

Germ Cell mutations

Answer 12

Mutations that occur in an organisms gametes

Question 13

Somatic Cell mutations

Answer 13

Mutations that take place in an organisms body cells

Question 14

Lethal Mutations

Answer 14

Mutations that cause death

Question 15

Deletion

Answer 15

The loss of a piece of a chromosome due to breakage

Question 16

Inversion

Answer 16

A chromosomal segment breaks off, flips around backward and reattaches

Question 17

Translocation

Answer 17

A piece of one chromosome breaks off and reattaches to a non homologous chromosome

Question 18

Nondisjunction

Answer 18

A chromosome fails to separate from its homologs during meiosis

Question 19

Point mutation

Answer 19

The substitute, addition or removal of a single nucleotide

Question 20

Substitution

Answer 20

One nucleotide replaces another

Question 21

Frameshift mutation

Answer 21

Making all amino acids downstream change

Question 22

Insertion mutations

Answer 22

one or more nucleotides are added to a gene which can also result in frameshift mutation

Question 23

Pedigree

Answer 23

A diagram that shows how a trait is inherited over several generations

Question 24

Carriers

Answer 24

Individuals that have one copy of the recessive allele but do not have the disease

Question 25

Genetic disorders

Answer 25

Diseases that have a genetic bases

Question 26

Polygenic

Answer 26

Influenced by several genes

Question 27

Complex Characters

Answer 27

Characters that are influenced strongly both by the environment and by genes

Question 28

Multiple alleles

Answer 28

Genes that have three or more alleles

Question 29

Codominance

Answer 29

both alleles are expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygote

Question 30

Incomplete dominance

Answer 30

When an individual displays a trait that is intermediate between the two parents

Question 31

Sex influenced traits

Answer 31

Involved in other complex characters

Question 32

Huntington’s disease

Answer 32

An autosomal dominant condition characterized by forgetfulness

Question 33

Amniocentesis

Answer 33

Allows physician to remove baby juice from the amnion

Question 34

Chorionic villus sampling

Answer 34

The physician takes a sample of chorionic villi cells

Question 35

Genetic counseling

Answer 35

The process of informing a person or couple about their genetic makeup

Question 36

Gene Therapy

Answer 36

Replacing the defective gene