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HS Biology > Chapter 10 DNA RNA and Protein Synthesis > Flashcards

Chapter 10 DNA RNA and Protein Synthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

Who studied bacteria and was trying to create a vaccine against a disease causing bacteria

A

Frederick Griffith

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2
Q

Virulent

A

Disease causing strand of the bacterium

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3
Q

What did Griffith use in his experiments

A

Two strands of S. Pneumoniae bacterium

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4
Q

What did Griffith conclude from his experiments

A

That heat killed virulent bacterial cells release a hereditary factor that transfers the disease causing ability to the live harmless cells

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5
Q

Transformation

A

Transfer of genetic material from one cell to another from one organism to another organism

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6
Q

Who tested whether the transformation agent in Griffiths experiment was Protein RNA or DNA

A

Oswald Avery

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7
Q

Who set out to test whether DNA protein was the hereditary material viruses transfer

A

Martha Chase and Alfred Hershey

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8
Q

Bacteriophages

A

Viruses that infect bacteria

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9
Q

What did Hershey and Chase conclude

A

Dna is the Hereditary molecule in viruses

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10
Q

Who collabed with Francis Crick to determine the structure of DNA

A

James Watson

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11
Q

When did Wat. and Crick win the Nobel Prize

A

1962

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12
Q

Nucleotide

A

Two long chains that make up DNA, each with a five carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base

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13
Q

Deoxyribose

A

The five carbon sugar in a DNA nucleotide is called deoxyribose

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14
Q

Nitrogenous base

A

It is the sugar and phosphate group in all DNA nucleotides (A, G, T, C)

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15
Q

What are the nucleotide bases that hold DNA together

A

Adenine (A) Guanine (G) Cytosine (C) Thymine (T) Altered Gametes Can Turn

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16
Q

Purines

A

Nitrogenous bases that have a double ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms (A & G)

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17
Q

Pyrimidines

A

Nitrogenous bases that have a single ring of carbon (T & C)

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18
Q

Who observed that the percentage of Adenine equals the percentage of thymine

A

Erwin Chargaff

19
Q

Base pairing

A

When two bases pair to hold the DNA together

20
Q

Complementary base pairs

A

In DNA one strand pairs with the opposite strand, cytosine on one strand pairs with guanine on the opp. strand

21
Q

Base Sequence

A

The order of Nitrogenous bases on a chain of DNA

22
Q

Adenine goes with

A

Thymine (Ash and Thermite)

23
Q

Cytosine goes with

A

Guanine (Capito and Gu mines)

24
Q

DNA replication

A

The process by which DNA is copied in a cell before a cell divides by mitosis

25
Q

Helicases

A

Enzymes that separate DNA strands

26
Q

Replication Forks

A

The Y shaped region that results when the two strands separate

27
Q

DNA Polymerases

A

Enzymes that add complementary nucleotides to each of the original strands

28
Q

Semi Conservative replication

A

When a DNA double helix forms : one strand from original and one strand is new.

29
Q

Mutation

A

A change in the nucleotide sequence of a DNA molecule

30
Q

ribonucleic acid

A

ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid present in all living cells. Its principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins

31
Q

Transcription

A

DNA acts as a template for the synthesis of RNA

32
Q

Translation

A

RNA directs the assembly of proteins

33
Q

Protein synthesis

A

Forming proteins based on information in DNA carried out by RNA

34
Q

Ribose

A

The sugar inside RNA

35
Q

Messenger RNA

A

A single stranded RNA molecule that carries the instructions from a gene to make a protein

36
Q

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

A

Type of RNA which is part of the structure of Ribosomes

37
Q

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

A

Transfers amino acids to the ribosome to make a protein

38
Q

RNA polymarase

A

an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of RNA on a DNA template

39
Q

Promoter

A

A specific nucleotide sequence of DNA where RNA polymerase binds and initiates transcription

40
Q

Termination signal

A

A specific sequence of nucleotides that marks the end of a gene

41
Q

Genetic Code

A

the term for the rules that relate how a sequence of nitrogenous bases

42
Q

Codon

A

A three nucleotide sequence in mRNA that signifies a start or stop signal

43
Q

anticodon

A

Three nucleotides on the RNA that are complementary to the sequences of a codon in mRNA

44
Q

Genome

A

The entire gene sequence or content

HS Biology (10 decks)

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