UNIT 4 TEST STUDY GUIDE Flashcards
Biogenesis
The theory of living things coming from other living things
Spontaneous Generation
Generating life from nonliving things
Half Life
the time taken for the radioactivity of a specified isotope to fall to half its original value.
Vital Force
The force that was believed to begin Spontaneous Generation
Radioactive isotope
An Isotope where the nucleus is unstable
Radioactive Dating
technique used to date materials such as rocks or carbon, in which trace radioactive impurities were selectively incorporated when they were formed.
Radioactive Decay
is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy (in terms of mass in its rest frame) by emitting radiation, such as an alpha particle
Chemosynthesis
the synthesis of organic compounds by bacteria or other living organisms using energy derived from reactions involving inorganic chemicals, typically in the absence of sunlight.
Gene Flow
is the transfer of genetic variation from one population to another
Fossils
Remains of past organisms
Genetic Drift
variation in the relative frequency of different genotypes in a small population, owing to the chance disappearance of particular genes as individuals die or do not reproduce.
Phylogenetic Trees
Image result for Phylogenetic Trees
A phylogenetic tree or evolutionary tree is a branching diagram or “tree” showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species
Speciation
The formation of species
Taxonomy
The science of classifying organisms
Binomial Nomenclature
The naming system for organisms
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| GENUS Species | | | -----------------------------------------------------
What are the six kingdoms
Archaea bacteria A lways Protozoa P lay Fungi F alco Plantae P rofessionally Animales A nd Eubacteria E kins
What are the Three Domains
Bacteria- Single celled bacteria Big
Archea- Unicellular organisms that can survive in more extreme conditions Ants
Eukarya- Uni and multicellular organisms Everywhere
Bell curve
Frequency of certain individuals in a population
Sexual selection
Females choose males they prefer to mate with
Natural selection
Those individuals with more favorable traits will live longer as will their offspring
Stabilizing Selection
When individuals with the average form of a trait have the highest fitness
Disruptive selection
Individuals with either extreme variation of a trait have greater fitness with the average form of the trait
Directional Selection
Individuals that display more extreme i a traut gave greater fitness than individuals with more average form of a trait
Evolution
The development of organisms from preexisting organisms
Descent with modification
The descendent of organisms with modification to genetics and phenotype
Survival of the Fittest
Those with the best traits will survive longer
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
The phenomenon of a population not evolving because of
.no mutations
.no individual leaves or comes out of pop
.individuals mate randomly
.Selection does not occur
Phylogeny
1 the branch of biology that deals with phylogenesis.
Biodiversity
the study of variation of all organisms
Francesco Redi
Experimented on meat to disprove spontaneous generation
Spallanzani’s
Experimented on broth in a pot hich was boiled then sealed while another was left open. Claimed that vital force was being sealed out
Luis Pasteur
Same as Spellas. but with a special S shaped flask. Disproved vital force
Miller-Urey
Conducted an experiment that was meant to test Oparin’s experiment hypothesis about the conditions for formation of organic molecules on early Earth
Darwin
Theory of Evolution
Cuvier
Studied strata and formed the hypothesis of Catastrophism the idea that sudden geo catastrophes caused the extinction of large groups of organisms
Lyell
Lyells idea of Uniformism . (That geological formations still occurred.)
Phylogeny
The relationship of organisms to a common ancestor
How does natural selection happen
.Overproduction .Genetic variation .Struggle to survive .Differential reproduction (best adaptations live longer) .
Divergent evolution
A process in which the descendants of a single ancestor diversity that each fit different parts of the environment
Adaptive radiation
When a new population in a new environment such as an island will undergo divergent evolution until the population fills many parts of the environment
Convergent evolution
The process by which different species will evolve similar traits is called convergent evolution
