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HS Biology > Chapter 11 Gene Expression > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Gene Expression Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Gene expression

A

The activation or turning on of a gene that results transcription and prod. of mRNA

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2
Q

Genome

A

The complete genetic material contained in an individual

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3
Q

Where did Scientists first study gene expression

A

Prokaryotes

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4
Q

What does lactose act as in E. Coli

A

Disaccharide or promoter

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5
Q

Structural Gene

A

Genes that code for polypeptides

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6
Q

Promoter

A

DNA segment that is recognized by the enzyme RNA Polymerase

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7
Q

Operator

A

DNA segment that serves as a kind of switch

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8
Q

Operon

A

Series of genes that code for specific products and the regulatory elements that control these genes

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9
Q

Repressor protien

A

A protein that inhibits genes from being expressed

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10
Q

Regulator genes

A

Genes that code for Repressor Proteins

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11
Q

What happens when lactose is present in an E. Coli cell

A

Lactose binds to the repressor proteins

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12
Q

Inducer

A

A molecule that initiates gene expression

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13
Q

Euchromatin

A

The site of active transcription of DNA into RNA

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14
Q

Introns

A

Sections of a structure gene that are transcribed but are not translated

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15
Q

Extrons

A

The sections of a structural gene that when expressed are transcribed and translated

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16
Q

Where does transcription occur in Eukaryotes

A

Nucleus

17
Q

Pre-mRNA

A

A form of messenger RNA that contains both introns and extrons

18
Q

Transcription factors

A

Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes

19
Q

Enhancers

A

Transcription factors that bind sequences of DNA

20
Q

Cell differentiation

A

development of cells that have specialized functions

21
Q

Homeotic genes

A

Regulatory genes that determine where certain anatomical structures

22
Q

Homeobox

A

DNA sequence within a homeotic gene

23
Q

Proto oncogenes

A

Can regulate cell growth, cell division

24
Q

Oncogene

A

A gene that can cause uncontrolled cell profilliation

25
Q

Tumor

A

An abnormal proliferation of cells

26
Q

Cancer

A

Uncontrolled growth of cells that can invade other parts of the body

27
Q

Tumor-Suppressor genes

A

Genes that act as “brakes” to suppress tumor formation

28
Q

Metastasis

A

The spread of cancer cells beyond their original site

29
Q

Carcinogen

A

Any substance that can induce or promote cancer

30
Q

Carcinomas

A

Grow in the skin and the tissues that line the organs of the body

31
Q

Sarcomas

A

Grow in bone and muscle tissue

32
Q

Lymphomas

A

Solid tumors that grow in the tissues of the lymphatic system

33
Q

Leukemia

A

The uncontrolled production of white blood cells

HS Biology (10 decks)

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