Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics

Question 1

When did Gregor Mendel enter Monastery in Brunn, Austria

Answer 1

1843

Question 2

What did Mendel Research

Answer 2

Hereditary

Question 3

What did Mendel experiment on

Answer 3

Pisum Sativum garden peas

Question 4

Trait

Answer 4

A genetically determined variant of a characteristic

Question 5

Pollination

Answer 5

Occurs when pollen grains produced in the male reproductive parts of a flower called anthers, are transferred to a stigma

Question 6

Self Pollination

Answer 6

Occurs when pollen is transferred from the anthers from the anthers of a flow to the stigma of another flower on the same plant

Question 7

Cross pollination

Answer 7

occurs between flowers of two plants

Question 8

True Breeding

Answer 8

Pure for a trait produced offspring with that trait when they self pollinate

Question 9

P Generation

Answer 9

True breeding Generation

Question 10

F1 Generation

Answer 10

True breeding of offspring produced by each cross

Question 11

F2 Gen.

Answer 11

The flowers from F1 Generation self pollinating

Question 12

Dominant

Answer 12

Factor that masks another trait

Question 13

Recessive

Answer 13

relating to or denoting heritable characteristics controlled by genes that are expressed in offspring only when inherited from both parents, i.e., when not masked by a dominant characteristic inherited from one parent.

Question 14

Law of Segregation

Answer 14

the law that states that a pair of factors is segregated

Question 15

The law of independent assortment

Answer 15

Law that states factors separate independently of one another during the formation of gametes

Question 16

Molecular Genetics

Answer 16

The study of the structure and function of chromosomes

Question 17

Allele

Answer 17

Two or more alt. forms of a gene

Question 18

Genotype

Answer 18

an organisms Genetic Makeup

Question 19

Phenotype

Answer 19

An organisms appearance

Question 20

Homozygous

Answer 20

when both pairs of alleles of a pair of are alike (PP)

Question 21

Heterozygous

Answer 21

When the two alleles in the pair are different (Pp)

Question 22

Probability

Answer 22

The likelihood that a specific event will occur

Question 23

Equation for Probability

Answer 23

Number of times an event is expected to happen/Number of times an event could happen

Question 24

Monohybrid cross

Answer 24

A cross in which only one characteristic is tracked

Question 25

Genotypic ratio

Answer 25

The ratio of the genotypes that appear in offspring is called

Question 26

Phenotypic ratio

Answer 26

The ratio of the offspring’s phenotypes

Question 27

Testcross

Answer 27

An individual of unknown genotype is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual

Question 28

Complete dominance

Answer 28

A completely dominant allele

Question 29

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 29

Having a phenotype in between that of the parents

Question 30

Codominance

Answer 30

Occurs when both Alleles for a gene are expressed in a heterozygous offspring

Question 31

Dihybrid cross

Answer 31

a cross in which two characteristics are tracked