Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics Flashcards
When did Gregor Mendel enter Monastery in Brunn, Austria
1843
What did Mendel Research
Hereditary
What did Mendel experiment on
Pisum Sativum garden peas
Trait
A genetically determined variant of a characteristic
Pollination
Occurs when pollen grains produced in the male reproductive parts of a flower called anthers, are transferred to a stigma
Self Pollination
Occurs when pollen is transferred from the anthers from the anthers of a flow to the stigma of another flower on the same plant
Cross pollination
occurs between flowers of two plants
True Breeding
Pure for a trait produced offspring with that trait when they self pollinate
P Generation
True breeding Generation
F1 Generation
True breeding of offspring produced by each cross
F2 Gen.
The flowers from F1 Generation self pollinating
Dominant
Factor that masks another trait
Recessive
relating to or denoting heritable characteristics controlled by genes that are expressed in offspring only when inherited from both parents, i.e., when not masked by a dominant characteristic inherited from one parent.
Law of Segregation
the law that states that a pair of factors is segregated
The law of independent assortment
Law that states factors separate independently of one another during the formation of gametes
Molecular Genetics
The study of the structure and function of chromosomes
Allele
Two or more alt. forms of a gene
Genotype
an organisms Genetic Makeup
Phenotype
An organisms appearance
Homozygous
when both pairs of alleles of a pair of are alike (PP)
Heterozygous
When the two alleles in the pair are different (Pp)
Probability
The likelihood that a specific event will occur
Equation for Probability
Number of times an event is expected to happen/Number of times an event could happen
Monohybrid cross
A cross in which only one characteristic is tracked
Genotypic ratio
The ratio of the genotypes that appear in offspring is called
Phenotypic ratio
The ratio of the offspring’s phenotypes
Testcross
An individual of unknown genotype is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual
Complete dominance
A completely dominant allele
Incomplete Dominance
Having a phenotype in between that of the parents
Codominance
Occurs when both Alleles for a gene are expressed in a heterozygous offspring
Dihybrid cross
a cross in which two characteristics are tracked
