Unit 7 - Personality Flashcards
personality
unique way in which each individual thinks, acts, and feels throughout life
character
value judgements made about a person’s morals or ethical behavior
temperament
enduring characteristics with which each person is born, such as irritability or adaptability
psychodynamic perspective
Freud; focuses on role of unconscious mind in the development of personality; heavily focuses on biological causes of personality differences
behaviorist perspective
based on theories of learning; focuses on effect of environment on behavior and includes aspects of social cognitive theory in that interactions with others and personal thought processes also influence learning and personality
humanistic perspective
reaction against psychoanalytic and behaviorist perspectives; focuses on the role of each person’s conscious life experiences and choices in personality development
trait perspective
concerned with the end result (opposite of other perspectives)
Freud’s 3 parts of the mind
preconscious
conscious
unconscious (most important)
Freud’s 3 parts of personality
id
ego
superego
id
nature, biological drives/desires; completely unconscious; pleasure principle
ego
peacemaker between id and superego; reality principle; conscious and unconscious
superego
nurture, rules, society; morality principle; both conscious and unconscious
pleasure principle
desire for immediate gratification of needs with no regard for the consequences
reality principle
need to satisfy the demands of the id only in ways that won’t lead to negative consequences
conscience
part of personality that makes people feel guilt/moral anxiety when they do the wrong thing
psychosexual stages
at each stage a different erogenous zone becomes important and can become the source of conflicts
fixation
getting stuck to some degree in a stage of development
oral stage
birth to 18 months
mouth
weaning
fixation –> dependent, optimistic, gullible, passive
–> aggressive, pessimistic, sarcastic, hostile
oral stage
birth to 18 months
mouth
weaning
fixation –> overindulged: dependent, optimistic, gullible, passive
–> underindulged: aggressive, pessimistic, sarcastic, hostile
phallic stage
3 to 6 years
genitals
oedipus/electra complexes: gender roles due to copying same-sex parent
fixation –> boys: reckless, overly self-assured, vain, proud, guilty, relationship problems, homosexual
–> girls: feel inferior to men
phallic stage
3 to 6 years
genitals
oedipus/electra complexes: gender roles due to copying same-sex parent
castration anxiety
penis envy
fixation –> boys: reckless, overly self-assured, vain, proud, guilty, relationship problems, homosexual
–> girls: feel inferior to men
genital stage
puberty on
genital
goal is to find a significant other –> if can’t find one then have fixation somewhere
castration anxiety
boys develop fear of losing penis
penis envy
girls want penis