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AP Psychology > Unit 11 - States of Consciousness > Flashcards

Unit 11 - States of Consciousness Flashcards

1
Q

continuum of consciousness

A 
controlled processes
automatic processes
daydreaming
altered states
sleep and dreaming
unconscious / implicit memory
unconsciousness
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2
Q

spotlight

A

where your attention is / what you’re focused on

if not interesting then attention span 10-20 min

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3
Q

lantern effect

A

kids suck in all information around them but they aren’t really focused

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4
Q

daydreaming

A

gives brain mental rest; everyone daydreams about the future (mental rehearsal)

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5
Q

altered states of consciousness

A

occurs when there’s a shift in the quality or pattern of one’s mental activity

caused by: alcohol, drugs, insomnia, stress, meditation, hypnosis

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6
Q

circadian rythms

A

hunger, body temperature, digestion, sleep (25 hour cycle)

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7
Q

sleep

A

25 hour cycle guided by environment (light and temperature) and biology (genetics)

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8
Q

2 types of sleep

A

NREM:
80% of the time
heart rate, breathing, bp slowing down

REM:
20% of the time
heart rate, breathing, bp speeding up
dreaming
sleep paralysis
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9
Q

stage 1 of sleep

A

transition from wakefulness to sleep
1-7 min
theta waves (low amp + low frequency)
somewhat aware of surroundings

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10
Q

stage 2 of sleep

A

beginning of sleep
body begins to slow down
more difficult to wake
beginning of sleep spindles

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11
Q

stage 3 of sleep

A

delta waves

body continues to slow down

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12
Q

stage 4 of sleep

A

deep sleep
secretion of growth hormone that helps brain development
difficult to wake

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13
Q

REM sleep

A

dream
muscles paralyzed
heightened brain activity and breathing

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14
Q

insomnia

A

lack of sleep and/or inability to stay asleep

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15
Q

sleep apnea

A

stop breathing while sleeping and wake up constantly or don’t wake up; CPAP machine pushes O2 into lungs

correlation with obesity and high bp

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16
Q

somnambulism

A

sleep walking

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17
Q

somniloquy

A

talking during sleep

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18
Q

nightmares

A

everyone has them and can usually remember them

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19
Q

night terrors

A

children don’t remember them and scream their heads off and don’t know why they’re scared; most grow out of it

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20
Q

narcolepsy

A

extreme excitement leads to sudden attacks of REM sleep

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21
Q

consciousness

A

your awareness of everything that is going on around you and inside your own head at any given moment, which you use to organize your behavior

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22
Q

waking consciousness

A

one’s thoughts, feelings, and sensations are clear and organized, and one feels alert

23
Q

suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

A

internal clock that tells people when to wake up and when to fall asleep

24
Q

microsleeps

A

brief sidesteps into sleep lasting only seconds

25
adaptive theory of sleep
animals and humans evolved different sleep patterns to avoid being present during the predators' normal hunting times (night)
26
restorative theory of sleep
sleep is necessary to the physical health of the body
27
REM rebound
if deprived of REM sleep a person will experience greatly increased amounts of REM sleep the next night
28
REM behavior disorder
the brain mechanisms that normally inhibit the voluntary muscles fail, allowing the person to thrash around and even get up and act out nightmares
29
manifest content (Freud)
the actual dream itself
30
latent content (Freud)
true meaning of dream is hidden and only expressed in symbols
31
activation-synthesis hypothesis
a dream is merely another kind of thinking that occurs when people sleep; it's less realistic because it comes not from the outside world of reality but from within people's memories and experiences of the past
32
activation-information-mode model (AIM)
when the brain is "making up" a dream to explain its own activation, it uses meaningful bits and pieces of the person's experiences from the previous day or the last few days rather than just random items from memory
33
hypnosis
a procedure in which a researcher, clinician, or hypnotist suggests that a person will experience changes in sensations, perceptions, thoughts, feelings, or behaviors
34
hypnotic susceptibility
the degree to which a person is a good hypnotic subject; the more suggestion in the ordered list the person responds to, the more susceptible the person is
35
basic suggestion effect
the tendency to act as though one's behavior is automatic and out of their control
36
dissociation theory of hypnosis
Ernest Hilgard believed that there's a hidden part of the mind that is very much aware of the hypnotic subject's activities and sensations, even though the "hypnotized" part of the mind is blissfully unaware of these same things
37
social-cognitive theory of hypnosis
assumes that people who are hypnotized are not in an altered state but are merely playing the role expected of them in the situation
38
psychoactive drugs
chemical substances that alter thinking, perception, memory, or some combination of those abilities
39
physical dependence
after using the drug for some period of time, the body becomes unable to function normally without the drug and the person is said to be dependent or addicted
40
drug tolerance
as the person continues to use the drug, larger and larger doses of the drug are needed to achieve the same initial effects of the drug
41
psychological dependence
the belief that the drug is needed to continue a feeling of emotional or psychological wellbeing, which is a very powerful factor in continued drug use
42
stimulants
drugs that increase the functioning of the nervous system
43
depressants
drugs that decrease the functioning of the nervous system
44
hallucinogenics
drugs that alter perceptions and may cause hallucinations
45
amphetamines
stimulants that are synthesized in laboratories
46
cocaine
natural drug found in coca plant leaves; produces feelings of euphoria, deadens pain, suppresses appetite
47
nicotine
toxic stimulant that produces a slight sense of arousal as it raises bp and accelerates the heart; provides rush of sugar into bloodstream by stimulating release of adrenalin in addition to raising dopamine levels in brain's reward pathway
48
drug abuse
misusing a drug
49
testing for addiction acronym
Cut back Annoyance Guilt Eye opener hit at least one to be an addict
50
posthypnotic suggestion
cue that causes one to do something
51
posthypnotic amnesia
not having a memory of what one did under hypnosis
52
imagined perception
changing your perception of the world around you; how you feel (e.g. temperature)
53
age regression
act like how one THINKS a child would act
54
hypnotic analgesia
get rid of pain

AP Psychology (12 decks)

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