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AP Psychology > Unit 10 - Motivation and Emotion > Flashcards

Unit 10 - Motivation and Emotion Flashcards

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1
Q

extrinsic motivation

A

person performs action because it leads to an outcome that is separate from the person

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2
Q

intrinsic motivation

A

person performs action because act itself is fun, rewarding, challenging, or satisfying in some internal manner

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3
Q

primary drives

A

involve survival needs of the body such as hunger and thirst

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4
Q

secondary/acquired drives

A

learned through experience or conditioning (money, social approval, etc.)

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5
Q

homeostasis

A

tendency of the body to remain a steady rate

homeostasis –> need –> drive –> action –> homeostasis

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6
Q

need for affiliation

A

psychological need for friendly social interactions and relationships with others

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7
Q

need for achievement

A

strong desire to succeed in attaining goals, not only realistic ones but also challenging ones

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8
Q

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A

self-transcendence (identity/meaning beyond self)
self-actualization
esteem needs (self-esteem, recognition, status)
social needs (sense of belonging, love)
safety needs (security, protection)
physiological needs (hunger, thirst)

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9
Q

interactionist

A

uses multiple paradigms

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10
Q

stimulus motive

A

appears to be unlearned but causes an increase in stimulation (curiosity, playing, exploration, etc.)

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11
Q

arousal theory

A

people have an optimal level of tension

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12
Q

Yerkes-Dodson law

A

relationship between task performance and arousal

task performances may suffer if level of arousal is too high (severe testing anxiety) or too low (boredom)

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13
Q

fixed action patterns

A

complex set of behaviors that are passed down through generations (birds migrating)
HUMANS DO NOT DO THIS BECAUSE WE ADAPT

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14
Q

opponent process

A

opposing highs and lows is how people get addicted (caffeine)

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15
Q

motivation

A

set of factors that activate, direct, and maintain behavior, usually towards a goal

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16
Q

overjustification effect

A

when you add extrinsic motivation, you tend to “suck out” the intrinsic motivation

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17
Q

sensation seeker

A

person who needs more arousal

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18
Q

incentives

A

things that attract or lure people into action

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19
Q

incentive approaches

A

behavior is explained in terms of the external stimulus and its rewarding properties

20
Q

peak experiences

A

times in a person’s life in which self-actualization is achieved

21
Q

self-determination theory

A

autonomy, competence, and relatedness help people gain a complete sense of self and whole, healthy relationships with others

autonomy - need to be in control of one’s own behavior and goal (self-determination)
competence - need to be able to master challenging tasks in one’s life
relatedness - need to feel sense of belonging, intimacy, and security in relationships with others

22
Q

theory x

A 
assumes people...
- are lazy
- need extrinsic incentives
- need close supervision
- need structure
TASK LEADERSHIP
23
Q

theory y

A 
assumes people...
- are self-motivated
- seek out achievement
- need freedom of choice
SOCIAL LEADERSHIP
24
Q

lateral hypothalamus

A

makes you feel hungry

25
Q

ventromedial hypothalamus

A

makes you feel full

26
Q

leptin

A

chemical that tells hypothalamus that stomach is full

27
Q

digestive organs

A

stomach (can feel if full with nutrient receptors and if full of something)
liver (glucose levels sensed)
intestines (sense fat) –> CCK released if enough fat

28
Q

thermogenesis

A

when one digests something their heat/temperature rises

29
Q

set point

A

weight homeostasis

30
Q

ego-syntonic

A

something you agree with or like or goes with your world view (anorexia)

31
Q

ego-dystonic

A

something you don’t agree with or don’t believe in or doesn’t go with your world view (bulimia)

32
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

condition in which a person (typically young and female) reduces eating to the point that their body weight is significantly low, or less than minimally expected

33
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

condition in which a person develops a cycle of “binging,” or overeating enormous amounts of food at one sitting, and then using inappropriate methods for avoiding weight gain

34
Q

binge-eating disorder

A

involves uncontrolled binge eating but individuals do not purge or use other inappropriate methods for avoiding weight gain

35
Q

emotion

A

the “feeling” aspect of consciousness, characterized by 3 elements: physical arousal, behavior that reveals feeling to outside world, and inner awareness of feeling

36
Q

display rules

A

learned ways of controlling displays of emotion in social settings

37
Q

7 universal facial expressions

A

anger, fear, disgust, happiness, surprise, sadness, and contempt

38
Q

common sense theory of emotion

A

stimulus –> emotion –> arousal

39
Q

James-Lange theory of emotion

A

stimulus –> arousal + behavior –> emotion

each arousal unique

40
Q

Cannon-Bard theory of emotion

A

stimulus –> brain activity (thalamus) –> emotion
___________________________–> arousal
(all arousal similar)

41
Q

schachter theory of emotion

A

stimulus –> arousal –> appraisal –> emotion

all arousal similar

42
Q

facial feedback hypothesis

A

stimulus –> facial expression –> arousal –> emotion

43
Q

Plutchik’s wheel of emotion

A

similar emotions are closer together on wheel and opposite emotions are opposite each other on wheel

44
Q

biological theories

A

instinct
drive-reduction
arousal
opponent process

45
Q

cognitive theories

A 
attribution
locus of control
learned helplessness
social loafing
social facilitation
46
Q

psychosocial theories

A

learned (conditioning)
cultural
personality

47
Q

emotional theories

A

physiological
cognitive
behavioral

AP Psychology (12 decks)

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