Unit 10 - Motivation and Emotion Flashcards
extrinsic motivation
person performs action because it leads to an outcome that is separate from the person
intrinsic motivation
person performs action because act itself is fun, rewarding, challenging, or satisfying in some internal manner
primary drives
involve survival needs of the body such as hunger and thirst
secondary/acquired drives
learned through experience or conditioning (money, social approval, etc.)
homeostasis
tendency of the body to remain a steady rate
homeostasis –> need –> drive –> action –> homeostasis
need for affiliation
psychological need for friendly social interactions and relationships with others
need for achievement
strong desire to succeed in attaining goals, not only realistic ones but also challenging ones
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
self-transcendence (identity/meaning beyond self)
self-actualization
esteem needs (self-esteem, recognition, status)
social needs (sense of belonging, love)
safety needs (security, protection)
physiological needs (hunger, thirst)
interactionist
uses multiple paradigms
stimulus motive
appears to be unlearned but causes an increase in stimulation (curiosity, playing, exploration, etc.)
arousal theory
people have an optimal level of tension
Yerkes-Dodson law
relationship between task performance and arousal
task performances may suffer if level of arousal is too high (severe testing anxiety) or too low (boredom)
fixed action patterns
complex set of behaviors that are passed down through generations (birds migrating)
HUMANS DO NOT DO THIS BECAUSE WE ADAPT
opponent process
opposing highs and lows is how people get addicted (caffeine)
motivation
set of factors that activate, direct, and maintain behavior, usually towards a goal
overjustification effect
when you add extrinsic motivation, you tend to “suck out” the intrinsic motivation
sensation seeker
person who needs more arousal
incentives
things that attract or lure people into action
incentive approaches
behavior is explained in terms of the external stimulus and its rewarding properties
peak experiences
times in a person’s life in which self-actualization is achieved
self-determination theory
autonomy, competence, and relatedness help people gain a complete sense of self and whole, healthy relationships with others
autonomy - need to be in control of one’s own behavior and goal (self-determination)
competence - need to be able to master challenging tasks in one’s life
relatedness - need to feel sense of belonging, intimacy, and security in relationships with others
theory x
assumes people... - are lazy - need extrinsic incentives - need close supervision - need structure TASK LEADERSHIP
theory y
assumes people... - are self-motivated - seek out achievement - need freedom of choice SOCIAL LEADERSHIP
lateral hypothalamus
makes you feel hungry
