Unit 7: Motivation & Emotion Flashcards
drive-reduction theory
when we have a lack of homeostasis (too tired, thirsty, hungry, etc.), it creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates us to satisfy the need through a goal-directed drive reducing behavior
arousal theory
people seek out an optimum-level of arousal when they behave, we also need to be at an optimal level when we complete tasks to do them well (not so bored you aren’t motivated but not so anxious you cannot focus)
self-determination theory
theory that states that people are naturally inclined to develop, grow, and achieve their potential when certain needs are met (intrinsic and extrinsic)
incentive theory
we are motivated by positive and negative extrinsic reinforcements (disliking job, showing up for money)
instinct theory
we behave in particular ways due to our instincts, which are unlearned behavior in response to stimuli as a pattern throughout a species
approach-approach
2 good choices but you can only choose 1 (open notes or extra credit)
avoidance-avoidance
2 bad choices but you can only choose 1 (clean bathroom or do laundry)
approach-avoidance
1 choice has both + and - sides (free food but wait 1 hour)
sensation-seeking theory
those who seek different sensations, feelings, and experiences
adventure seeking
the quest for risk/danger (skydiving)
experience seeking
the love of variety in the mind and senses (going to diff. museums)
dis inhibition
desire to be unrestrained (substance experimentation)
boredom susceptibility
the dislike of jobs (lots of diff. hobbies)
ghrelin
released by an empty stomach, causes hunger (hypothalamus)
leptin
secreted by fat cells, causes fullness
external factors for eating
presence of food, time of day, social susceptibility
James Lange theory
event –> arousal –> emotion, “I feel afraid because I’m trembling” (other emotions can have the same bodily reaction)
Cannon-Bard theory
emotion is a simultaneous event, thalamus sending messages to cortex and sympathetic nervous system to begin physiological response, “I am shaking and feel afraid at the SAME time” (ignores amygdala)
Schachter-Singer theory or two-factor model
experiencing requires physiological arousal and cognitive appraisal of the situation/environment (I label my trembling as fear because I interpret the situation as dangerous” (interpret, analyze, explain)
facial-feedback hypothesis
facial expressions can directly influence emotional state
broaden-and-build theory
positive emotions expand their thought-action ideals, meaning they build up on their perspective
display rules varying among countries
depending on the culture how much of an emotion you share may differ (western larger than many Asian countries)
