Unit 7: Motivation & Emotion

Question 1

drive-reduction theory

Answer 1

when we have a lack of homeostasis (too tired, thirsty, hungry, etc.), it creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates us to satisfy the need through a goal-directed drive reducing behavior

Question 2

arousal theory

Answer 2

people seek out an optimum-level of arousal when they behave, we also need to be at an optimal level when we complete tasks to do them well (not so bored you aren’t motivated but not so anxious you cannot focus)

Question 3

self-determination theory

Answer 3

theory that states that people are naturally inclined to develop, grow, and achieve their potential when certain needs are met (intrinsic and extrinsic)

Question 4

incentive theory

Answer 4

we are motivated by positive and negative extrinsic reinforcements (disliking job, showing up for money)

Question 5

instinct theory

Answer 5

we behave in particular ways due to our instincts, which are unlearned behavior in response to stimuli as a pattern throughout a species

Question 6

approach-approach

Answer 6

2 good choices but you can only choose 1 (open notes or extra credit)

Question 7

avoidance-avoidance

Answer 7

2 bad choices but you can only choose 1 (clean bathroom or do laundry)

Question 8

approach-avoidance

Answer 8

1 choice has both + and - sides (free food but wait 1 hour)

Question 9

sensation-seeking theory

Answer 9

those who seek different sensations, feelings, and experiences

Question 10

adventure seeking

Answer 10

the quest for risk/danger (skydiving)

Question 11

experience seeking

Answer 11

the love of variety in the mind and senses (going to diff. museums)

Question 12

dis inhibition

Answer 12

desire to be unrestrained (substance experimentation)

Question 13

boredom susceptibility

Answer 13

the dislike of jobs (lots of diff. hobbies)

Question 14

ghrelin

Answer 14

released by an empty stomach, causes hunger (hypothalamus)

Question 15

leptin

Answer 15

secreted by fat cells, causes fullness

Question 16

external factors for eating

Answer 16

presence of food, time of day, social susceptibility

Question 17

James Lange theory

Answer 17

event –> arousal –> emotion, “I feel afraid because I’m trembling” (other emotions can have the same bodily reaction)

Question 18

Cannon-Bard theory

Answer 18

emotion is a simultaneous event, thalamus sending messages to cortex and sympathetic nervous system to begin physiological response, “I am shaking and feel afraid at the SAME time” (ignores amygdala)

Question 19

Schachter-Singer theory or two-factor model

Answer 19

experiencing requires physiological arousal and cognitive appraisal of the situation/environment (I label my trembling as fear because I interpret the situation as dangerous” (interpret, analyze, explain)

Question 20

facial-feedback hypothesis

Answer 20

facial expressions can directly influence emotional state

Question 21

broaden-and-build theory

Answer 21

positive emotions expand their thought-action ideals, meaning they build up on their perspective

Question 22

display rules varying among countries

Answer 22

depending on the culture how much of an emotion you share may differ (western larger than many Asian countries)