Unit 5 - Memory Flashcards
explicit memory
declarative, with conscious recall, effortful (hippocampus and frontal lobe), ex. when WWII was concluded
episodic memory
You’re the star in this show called life and each day is a new episode, memories of personally experienced events
semantic memory
Memories of facts or general knowledge - trivia
implicit memory
non-declarative, without conscious recall (processed in the cerebellum), ex. brushing teeth
procedural memory
long-term memory type, not effortful, riding a bike
prospective memory
remembering an event planned in the future, poetry @2:45
long-term potentiation
bench presses with your mind muscles, repeated practice to strengthen neurons
working memory (+ model)
short-term memory, conscious active processing of 1. incoming sensory information and 2. information retrieved from long-term memory, (central executive coordinates both)
central executive
model of working memory model, directs and coordinated information
phonological loop
verbal and auditory information, briefly holds auditory info., repeating info. again to try to remember
visuospatial sketchpad
visual and spacial info. of where an object holds space and its appearance, ex. close your eyes and point to the flag
sensory memory
what brings in environmental stimuli we (may) want to remember, iconic - eyes, echoic - ears, ex. a busy hallway you won’t remember everything
short-term memory
conscious active processing, not held forever
long-term memory
held for a much longer time, deeper
automatic processing
encoding happens unconsciously, or without awareness, ex. driving to school on your everyday route
effortful processing
encoding happens consciously, requires attention + awareness, ex. reading the textbook
memory encoding
Encoding: Transforming information into a form that can be stored in memory (seeing someone attractive, getting their name)
memory storing
Storing: Maintaining the encoded information in memory (thinking about their game again and again)
memory retrieving
Retrieving: Re-accessing information from the past which has been encoded and stored (need to remember their name to look them up on snapchat)
structural processing
(how it looks), shallowest processing, very little effort, Ex. Which word is longer, psychology or math? How many words in the list contain the letter e? etc.
phonemic processing
(what it sounds like), shallow processing, small effort, ex. Does the word cat rhyme with hat? How many syllables are in the word education?
semantic processing
(what it means), deep processing, most effort, Ex. How is a dog similar to, and different from, a cat?
mnemonic device
acronym, sound association, etc.
chunking, categories, and hierarchies
ways of organizing data in manageable sections
serial position effect
remembering the start and the end (primacy first, recency last)
highly superior autobiographical memory + autobiographical memory
photographic memory
retrograde
difficulty remembering the past
anterograde
inability to form new long-term memories
alzheimer’s disease
neurodegenerative disease, memory loss and cognitive decline
infantile amnesia
occurs to us all, inability to remember anything before ages 3-4
context-dependent
ability to remember better when you’re in the same environment you studied in
state-dependent
ability to remember better when under the same state of mind, ex. drinking or coffee
mood-congruent
experiencing memories congruent with the mood you’re in, ex. good mood with your teacher, versus more critical when you’re in a bad mood
metacognition
self monitoring and evaluating one’s own learning, thinking about your thinking! - planning, monitoring, evaluating
forgetting curve
the rate at which memory decays
encoding failure
inability to process information into long-term effectively
proactive interference
ProOldRetroNew - previously learned info distrupts learning new info, ex. keep entering old password
retroactive interference
ProOldRetroNew - new information disrupts the ability to recall previously learned information, ex. helping a friend with french homework and only thinking of Spanish words
tip-of-the-tongue
right there, unable to pull something out of long-term memory, needs a hint to push
repression
anxiety-invoking thoughts unconsciously pushed out of awareness
misinformation effect
memory of an event becomes distorted through exposure of additional misleading information
source amnesia
forgetting the source of a memory
constructive memory
not passive - exact encoding of events
memory consolidation
newly coded memories become stably encoded into long-term memory
imagination inflation
imagination of an event, false memory or inflated belief
