Unit 5 - Memory

Question 1

explicit memory

Answer 1

declarative, with conscious recall, effortful (hippocampus and frontal lobe), ex. when WWII was concluded

Question 2

episodic memory

Answer 2

You’re the star in this show called life and each day is a new episode, memories of personally experienced events

Question 3

semantic memory

Answer 3

Memories of facts or general knowledge - trivia

Question 4

implicit memory

Answer 4

non-declarative, without conscious recall (processed in the cerebellum), ex. brushing teeth

Question 5

procedural memory

Answer 5

long-term memory type, not effortful, riding a bike

Question 6

prospective memory

Answer 6

remembering an event planned in the future, poetry @2:45

Question 7

long-term potentiation

Answer 7

bench presses with your mind muscles, repeated practice to strengthen neurons

Question 8

working memory (+ model)

Answer 8

short-term memory, conscious active processing of 1. incoming sensory information and 2. information retrieved from long-term memory, (central executive coordinates both)

Question 9

central executive

Answer 9

model of working memory model, directs and coordinated information

Question 10

phonological loop

Answer 10

verbal and auditory information, briefly holds auditory info., repeating info. again to try to remember

Question 11

visuospatial sketchpad

Answer 11

visual and spacial info. of where an object holds space and its appearance, ex. close your eyes and point to the flag

Question 12

sensory memory

Answer 12

what brings in environmental stimuli we (may) want to remember, iconic - eyes, echoic - ears, ex. a busy hallway you won’t remember everything

Question 13

short-term memory

Answer 13

conscious active processing, not held forever

Question 14

long-term memory

Answer 14

held for a much longer time, deeper

Question 15

automatic processing

Answer 15

encoding happens unconsciously, or without awareness, ex. driving to school on your everyday route

Question 16

effortful processing

Answer 16

encoding happens consciously, requires attention + awareness, ex. reading the textbook

Question 17

memory encoding

Answer 17

Encoding: Transforming information into a form that can be stored in memory (seeing someone attractive, getting their name)

Question 18

memory storing

Answer 18

Storing: Maintaining the encoded information in memory (thinking about their game again and again)

Question 19

memory retrieving

Answer 19

Retrieving: Re-accessing information from the past which has been encoded and stored (need to remember their name to look them up on snapchat)

Question 20

structural processing

Answer 20

(how it looks), shallowest processing, very little effort, Ex. Which word is longer, psychology or math? How many words in the list contain the letter e? etc.

Question 21

phonemic processing

Answer 21

(what it sounds like), shallow processing, small effort, ex. Does the word cat rhyme with hat? How many syllables are in the word education?

Question 22

semantic processing

Answer 22

(what it means), deep processing, most effort, Ex. How is a dog similar to, and different from, a cat?

Question 23

mnemonic device

Answer 23

acronym, sound association, etc.

Question 24

chunking, categories, and hierarchies

Answer 24

ways of organizing data in manageable sections

Question 25

serial position effect

Answer 25

remembering the start and the end (primacy first, recency last)

Question 26

highly superior autobiographical memory + autobiographical memory

Answer 26

photographic memory

Question 27

retrograde

Answer 27

difficulty remembering the past

Question 28

anterograde

Answer 28

inability to form new long-term memories

Question 29

alzheimer’s disease

Answer 29

neurodegenerative disease, memory loss and cognitive decline

Question 30

infantile amnesia

Answer 30

occurs to us all, inability to remember anything before ages 3-4

Question 31

context-dependent

Answer 31

ability to remember better when you’re in the same environment you studied in

Question 32

state-dependent

Answer 32

ability to remember better when under the same state of mind, ex. drinking or coffee

Question 33

mood-congruent

Answer 33

experiencing memories congruent with the mood you’re in, ex. good mood with your teacher, versus more critical when you’re in a bad mood

Question 34

metacognition

Answer 34

self monitoring and evaluating one’s own learning, thinking about your thinking! - planning, monitoring, evaluating

Question 35

forgetting curve

Answer 35

the rate at which memory decays

Question 36

encoding failure

Answer 36

inability to process information into long-term effectively

Question 37

proactive interference

Answer 37

ProOldRetroNew - previously learned info distrupts learning new info, ex. keep entering old password

Question 38

retroactive interference

Answer 38

ProOldRetroNew - new information disrupts the ability to recall previously learned information, ex. helping a friend with french homework and only thinking of Spanish words

Question 39

tip-of-the-tongue

Answer 39

right there, unable to pull something out of long-term memory, needs a hint to push

Question 40

repression

Answer 40

anxiety-invoking thoughts unconsciously pushed out of awareness

Question 41

misinformation effect

Answer 41

memory of an event becomes distorted through exposure of additional misleading information

Question 42

source amnesia

Answer 42

forgetting the source of a memory

Question 43

constructive memory

Answer 43

not passive - exact encoding of events

Question 44

memory consolidation

Answer 44

newly coded memories become stably encoded into long-term memory

Question 45

imagination inflation

Answer 45

imagination of an event, false memory or inflated belief