Unit 7: Human Nutrition Flashcards
The acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges (AMDR) are: 45-65% of daily calories from carbohydrates, 20-35% of daily calories from fat, and10-35% of daily calories from protein. An individual’s estimated energy requirement (EER) is 1800 kcal/day. Which of the following statements accurately identifies a dietary amount that they require daily?
1) 90g – 156g of fat per day
2) 202g-293g of carbohydrates per day
3) 18g of fibre from carbohydrates
4) 18g – 63g of protein per day
2) 202g-293g of carbohydrates per day
Which micronutrient need level decreases in the senior years?
Iron
Micronutrient recommendations for adolescents are mostly the same as for adults, though children this age need more of certain minerals like calcium, vitamin D, vitamin A, and iron.
True
Breastfeeding parents must plan their diets carefully and most need to avoid many foods to prevent fussiness and discomfort, food intolerances, and food allergies in their babies.
True
Which nutrient does the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend be given as a daily supplement to breastfed infants, beginning from birth and continuing until they are weaned?
Vitamin D
An individual has a BMI of 32 and weighs 205lbs(93kg) pregnancy. At the end of the pregnancy, a healthy weight gain would be indicated by the following:
A final weight between 216 and 225lbs
All of the following foods have safety concerns in pregnancy, EXCEPT:
1) Chamomile tea
2) Hot dogs
3) Hard cheddar cheeses
4) Tuna
3) Hard cheddar cheeses
What of the following is the BEST source of nutrition for all infants up until 6 months of age:
Human milk, infant formula, or a combination of both
Over the course of a single feed, breastmilk:
Becomes higher in fat content
Which of the following statements is MOST accurate regarding an individual’s intake requirements in the first trimester of pregnancy:
1) Daily caloric intake increases by about 25%
2) There is an increased need for some nutrients
3) Calorie and nutrient needs remain the same as in pre-pregnancy
4) Daily caloric requirements are at their highest level during pregnancy due to rapid fetal growth
2) There is an increased need for some nutrients
What is present in human milk?
Water, Enzymes, Immunoglobulins, Hormones, Nutrients
Match the approximate recommended daily caloric intake to the population group: 17 year old boy
2000 - 3200 calories
Match the approximate recommended daily caloric intake to the population group: 10 year old girl
1400 - 2200 calories
Match the approximate recommended daily caloric intake to the population group: 52 year old woman
1600 to 2200 calories
Match the approximate recommended daily caloric intake to the population group: Breastfeeding parent
“normal” EER + 400-500 calories
Match the approximate recommended daily caloric intake to the population group:
First trimester pregnancy
“normal” EER
Match the approximate recommended daily caloric intake to the population group: Second trimester pregnancy
“normal” EER + 340 calories
Match the approximate recommended daily caloric intake to the population group: 72 year old man
2000-2800 calories
Disordered eating can be a fatal condition. It is most prevalent in this age group:
Adolescence
What can make healthy eating challenging in the senior years?
1) Medications causing dry mouth as a side effect
2) Mobility issues
3) Low income
4) Dentition
What is TRUE about the relationship between nutrition and the following causes of mortality: cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and stroke?
There is an association between them
During pregnancy, there is an increased need for which nutrients:
Vitamin A, Vitamin B6, Iodine, Vitamin C, Iron, Choline, Folate
List the following in order from shortest to longest:
Oligosaccharides
Polysaccharides
Disaccharides
Monosaccharides
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Oligosaccharides
Polysaccharides
An impaired ability to swallow is called:
Dysphagia
Obesity is not a health concern for older adults.
False
The following foods are safe and healthy for toddlers to eat: whole grains, fish, fruits, tofu, cow milk, and poultry.
True
What is nutrition?
Nutrition is how food affects the health of the body through digestion, absorption, and utilization of nutrients. It provides energy for daily activities and affects the risk for chronic diseases such as heart disease and diabetes. It is impacted by behavioural, social, and environmental factors that affect food choices.
Macronutrients
Include energy sources (fats, carbs, proteins) and water, and is often measured in grams (g).
Micronutrients
Include vitamins and minerals, often measured in milligrams (mg) or micrograms (ug) 1000000 ug = 1000 mg = 1 g
What are factors that shape food choices?
- Taste, texture, appearance
- Economics/Sustainability
- Habits
- Culture/Geography
- Health concerns
What are Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)?
Dietary reference intakes (DRIs) are a set of scientifically developed reference values for nutrients. They provide science-based evidence for:
- Developing nutritional labels
- Developing dietary guidelines and food guides
- Ensuring foods and supplements contain safe levels of nutrients
- Creating patient and consumer counseling and educational programs
- Assessing nutrient intakes and monitoring
What sort of information is displayed on Nutrition Facts tables?
The information displayed includes:
- Serving size
- How many calories are in the serving size
- The amount of 12 nutrients expressed in units like grams (g) and milligrams (mg), per serving size
- Percent daily values (% DVs)
What is food insecurity?
occurs when the inability to acquire or consume an adequate diet or sufficient quantity of food in socially acceptable ways, or the uncertainty that one will be able to do so arises.
Up to 18% of Canadian families experienced food insecurity, and certain families are impacted harder than others such as:
- Female lone parent (41%)
- Racialized major income earner (23%)
- Income below the poverty line (35%)
- Indigenous major income earner (34%)
What are the nutrition recommendations during pregnancy?
Carbohydrates
- Increase from 130g/day to 175g/day to support fetal development.
-Fiber = 14g/1000 calories (same as non-pregnancy)
Protein
-Increases to 1.1g/kg body weight.
Fat
- Omega-3s DHA and EPA are important for brain/eye development.
- Can include 8-12 ounces of seafood each week avoiding high mercury species.
What are some unsafe foods during pregnancy?
- Raw/unpasteurized dairy products, juices, ciders
- Raw/uncooked meats poultry, seafood
- Raw sprouts (alfalfa)
- Hot dogs and non-dried deli-meats (bologna and turkey breast)
- Refrigerated pate, meat spreads, and refrigerated smoked seafood
- Eggs that are not fully cooked
- These pasteurized and unpasteurized cheeses; soft cheeses (brie and camembert), semi-soft cheeses (Havarti), and blue-veined cheeses (roquefort and stilton)
- Some herbal teas; chamomile, aloe, coltsfoot, juniper berry, pennyroyal, sassafras, lobelia, stinging nettle, senna leaves, and kombucha tea)
How does human milk adapt to the needs of a child over time?
Human milk adapts to the need of the child over time by adapting the macronutrients found within it.
- Colostrum is easily digestible for the infant with a low-fat content, with high protein, micronutrients and immunoglobulins.
- Transitional milk contains less protein and immunoglobulins as the infant does not need as much anymore, and instead has an increased level of fat, lactose, and total calories to help the infants growth.
- Mature milk has the highest concentration of fat to aid in the growth of the infant (they will need to triple their body mass in the first year).
