Unit 4: Proteins Flashcards
Amino acids are made of many proteins.
True
Which of the following is NOT a component of an amino acid molecule?
1) An amino group
2) A sterol group
3) A central carbon
4) An acid group
2) A sterol group
What is antibiotic resistance?
Pathogenic bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics
Animal agriculture fills some important roles that vegetable crops cannot, such as grazing on steep terrain.
True
In a high-protein diet containing lots of red meat and processed red meat, the primary nutritional concern is the high levels of protein.
False
When a person doesn’t have enough glucose available, their body might use amino acids to synthesize glucose. This process is called:
Gluconeogenesis
In order to use amino acids to make glucose, fat, or ATP, the nitrogen needs to be removed. This is called:
Deamination
Which of the following need to be enzymatically digested?
Fructose, Glycerol, Protein, Starch, Lactose, Glucose, Triglycerides, Amino acids, Fibre, Monoglycerides
Protein, Starch, Lactose, Triglycerides
Which of the following are absorbed into the small intestine?
Starch, Fibre, Lactose, Triglycerides, Amino acids, Glucose, Fatty acids, Protein, Glycerol
Glucose, Fatty acids, Glycerol
Without proteases, people wouldn’t be able to:
Enzymatically break down protein in the small intestine
Health Canada recommends that ALL individuals consume the following protein:
A varied diet that includes sufficient protein
The one-dimensional polypeptide chain of amino acids, held together by peptide bonds.
Primary structure
The polypeptide chain folds into simple coils and sheets, determined by the chemical interactions between amino acids.
Secondary structure
The unique three-dimensional shape of a protein, formed as side chains of different amino acids interact.
Tertiary structure
In some proteins, multiple folded polypeptides called subunits combine to make one larger functional protein.
Quaternary structure
Which of the following conditions might an individual who is experiencing microcytic anemia experiencing:
Iron-deficiency
What is TRUE about hemoglobin?
It is involved in several body functions including oxygen transport, pH buffering, and glucose binding
Which of the following conditions is believed to be the LEAST related to an issue with proteins?
1) Huntington’s disease
2) Atherosclerosis
3) Type 1 diabetes
4) Cystic fibrosis
4) Atherosclerosis
The mean corpuscular volume (MCV) measures:
The mean volume of individual red blood cells
A person has just been in a motor vehicle crash (MVC) and has lost a lot of blood. Their hemoglobin is 85g/L (which is low for all sexes). Which type of anemia is most likely suspected?
Normocytic
What are essential amino acids?
Amino acids must be obtained through our diet as our bodies cannot produce enough.
What are Nonessential amino acids?
Amino acids that are not required in our diet because we can make them.
How are amino acids used in the body?
- Can be used to generate ATP and for gluconeogenesis.
- Protein synthesis in cells around the body.
- Making nonessential amino acids.
- Rearranged and stored as fat.
- Rearranged into glucose for fuel for the brain and red blood cells.
What are the roles of protein in the body?
- Proteins have many different functions.
- NOT a source of energy
- They are used as enzymes, hormones, structure and strength, transport, defence, immunity, fluid and acid-base balance.
Complete Proteins
Contain all 9 of the essential amino acids (ex. milk, cheese, eggs, fish, meat, soy, quinoa, etc).
Incomplete Proteins
Do NOT contain all 9 of the essential amino acids (ex. plant based foods).
Complementary Proteins
Are incomplete protein sources that are combined to have all 9
essential amino acids (ex. rice and beans).
Where does mechanical digestion of proteins occur?
Mouth: chewing, mixing
Stomach: mixing, churning
Small intestine: peristalsis, segmentation
Where does chemical digestion of proteins occur?
Stomach: denaturation by HCl, enzymatic digestion.
Small intestine: enzymatic digestion breaks down into amino acids for absorption.
