Unit 6: Vitamins and Minerals Pt 2 Flashcards
An organic helper molecule that assists with enzymatic reactions is called a(n):
Coenzyme
A folate deficiency is commonly linked to:
Macrocytic anemia
This mineral, found in nuts, whole grains, and legumes, is important in bone and also required for many enzymatic reactions. Most Americans do not meet the RDA for this mineral.
Magnesium
Low blood calcium stimulates the release of _____ from the parathyroid glands
Parathyroid hormone
Parathyroid hormone stimulates the release of __________
Calcium from bones
Vitamin D increase intestinal ____________ absorption
Calcium
High blood calcium stimulates the release of __________
Calcitonin from the thyroid gland
Calcitonin increases the release of ____________
Calcium into the urine
This mineral is one of the major minerals found in bone, and is part of biological molecules such as ATP and phospholipids. It’s abundant in the American diet, and most people in the U.S. meet the RDA.
Phosphorous
Fluorosis is characterized by:
Mottling and pitting of teeth
The occurrence of neural tube defects has dramatically decreased since the fortification of cereals and grains with folic acid.
True
Vitamin D is activated by two hydroxylation reactions. The first occurs in the _______ and the second in the ________.
Liver, Kidney
What is a FALSE statement regarding iron-deficiency anemia?
It is most prevalent in older adults and men
What is a characteristic of bone?
Bone is a living tissue that is in a constant state of breaking down and rebuilding.
The following statement is TRUE about bone growth:
1) Peak bone mass is reached at the age of 18
2) Osteoclasts are responsible for building bone in childhood
3) In adulthood, bones are continually broke down and rebuilt
4) Peak bone mass is similar in elderly men and women
3) In adulthood, bones are continually broke down and rebuilt
What are important factors in the prevention of osteoporosis?
1) Adequate vitamin D intake
2) Adequate calcium intake
3) Achieving peak bone mass during adolescence
Nuts are a good source of all of the following minerals, EXCEPT:
Fluoride
The active form of vitamin D
Calcitriol
In the liver, vitamin D is chemically modified into:
Calcidol
A type of vitamin D that is often found in supplements
D3
This form of vitamin D is hydroxylated in the kidneys to form the active form of Vitamin D
Calcidiol
Which of the following is FALSE about active Vitamin D?
1) It increases bone breakdown
2) It increases bone absorption of calcium and phosphorous
3) It increases the absorption of calcium and phosphorous in the intestines
4) It increases calcium and phosphorous absorption in the liver
4) It increases calcium and phosphorous absorption in the liver
What is oxidative stress?
Occurs when there are too many free radicals in the body; it is associated with cancer, cardiovascular disease, arthritis, diabetes, kidney disease, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s.
