Unit 6: Vitamins and Minerals Pt 2

Question 1

An organic helper molecule that assists with enzymatic reactions is called a(n):

Answer 1

Coenzyme

Question 2

A folate deficiency is commonly linked to:

Answer 2

Macrocytic anemia

Question 3

This mineral, found in nuts, whole grains, and legumes, is important in bone and also required for many enzymatic reactions. Most Americans do not meet the RDA for this mineral.

Answer 3

Magnesium

Question 4

Low blood calcium stimulates the release of _____ from the parathyroid glands

Answer 4

Parathyroid hormone

Question 5

Parathyroid hormone stimulates the release of __________

Answer 5

Calcium from bones

Question 6

Vitamin D increase intestinal ____________ absorption

Answer 6

Calcium

Question 7

High blood calcium stimulates the release of __________

Answer 7

Calcitonin from the thyroid gland

Question 8

Calcitonin increases the release of ____________

Answer 8

Calcium into the urine

Question 9

This mineral is one of the major minerals found in bone, and is part of biological molecules such as ATP and phospholipids. It’s abundant in the American diet, and most people in the U.S. meet the RDA.

Answer 9

Phosphorous

Question 10

Fluorosis is characterized by:

Answer 10

Mottling and pitting of teeth

Question 11

The occurrence of neural tube defects has dramatically decreased since the fortification of cereals and grains with folic acid.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Vitamin D is activated by two hydroxylation reactions. The first occurs in the _______ and the second in the ________.

Answer 12

Liver, Kidney

Question 13

What is a FALSE statement regarding iron-deficiency anemia?

Answer 13

It is most prevalent in older adults and men

Question 14

What is a characteristic of bone?

Answer 14

Bone is a living tissue that is in a constant state of breaking down and rebuilding.

Question 15

The following statement is TRUE about bone growth:
1) Peak bone mass is reached at the age of 18
2) Osteoclasts are responsible for building bone in childhood
3) In adulthood, bones are continually broke down and rebuilt
4) Peak bone mass is similar in elderly men and women

Answer 15

3) In adulthood, bones are continually broke down and rebuilt

Question 16

What are important factors in the prevention of osteoporosis?

Answer 16

1) Adequate vitamin D intake
2) Adequate calcium intake
3) Achieving peak bone mass during adolescence

Question 17

Nuts are a good source of all of the following minerals, EXCEPT:

Answer 17

Fluoride

Question 18

The active form of vitamin D

Answer 18

Calcitriol

Question 19

In the liver, vitamin D is chemically modified into:

Answer 19

Calcidol

Question 20

A type of vitamin D that is often found in supplements

Answer 20

D3

Question 21

This form of vitamin D is hydroxylated in the kidneys to form the active form of Vitamin D

Answer 21

Calcidiol

Question 22

Which of the following is FALSE about active Vitamin D?
1) It increases bone breakdown
2) It increases bone absorption of calcium and phosphorous
3) It increases the absorption of calcium and phosphorous in the intestines
4) It increases calcium and phosphorous absorption in the liver

Answer 22

4) It increases calcium and phosphorous absorption in the liver

Question 23

What is oxidative stress?

Answer 23

Occurs when there are too many free radicals in the body; it is associated with cancer, cardiovascular disease, arthritis, diabetes, kidney disease, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s.