Unit 7, fuck me already Flashcards by Alex Wang

Q

Progressives

A

Progressives were a diverse group of reformers in the early 20th century who sought to address social, political, and economic issues caused by industrialization and urbanization.
imagine the gilded age was a box covered in gold. the progressives tried to clean the dirty insides;

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Q

Progressive movements

A

Journalist Reforms * Muckrakers sought to expose the areas that needed reforming. Yellow Journalism:
Social Worker Profession: Provided social services; child care, citizenship test trainings; libraries; schools; you name it

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Q

Jane Addams

A

Was one of the progressive moments. Created the hull house that

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Q

Sherman Anti Trust Act 1890

A

An act passed by Congress that sought to bring down monopolies that dominated the gilded age.
- targeted all companies that were not conducive to competitive market
- This meant that while monopolies were illegal so were things like unions and striking
; basically the only effective use of this was to take down UNIONS

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Q

Conservationists

A

Wanted government to use their resources to preserve the nations natural resources; things such a as forests, and national parks.
National Forest Service
National Park Service

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Q

Theodore Roosevelt -> __

A

Respected the 2 cycle election and stepped down handing apprentice Taft the next election.
Taft continued the trustbuster however, he didn’t differentiate between good or bad and he went after the steel industry in an antitrust lawsuit which angered Roosevelt cause he saw it as an attack on his integrity since he approved this industry

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Q

Election of 1912

A

Roosevelt was angered and tried to run for a third cycle; he created the progressive party.
Democrats however won and president woodrow Wilson took it due to the fact that the Republican votes were divided

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Q

Wilson’s progressive programs

A

Business competition and small government
restraining federal authority
echoed the progressive parties social justice issues; women’s suffrage, workers rights, social welfare

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Q

US Neutral at first bc WW1

A

At first the US tried to stay neutral for bc
- Tradition of Isolationism; The America had a long standing policy of staying out of European affairs. dates back to Washingtons fair well address; stating to not get entangled
- Mixed Public Opinions: US had millions of immigrants from both sides of the war; feared dividing the nation.
- Economic Benefits: US traded with both sides.

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Q

WW1 origins

A

Assassination of a famous figure
Each country had friends so conflict spread easily
Russia and Serbia went against Austria
Germany declared war on Russia thus France as well
New weapons made it more devastating
European countries had an imperialistic approach which caused many other countries to get involved like Great Britain.

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Q

Underwood Tariiffs act & Federal Reserve Act & Clayton Anti Trust Acts

A

An act that lowered tariffs.
Created 12 regional banks which answered to the federal reserve board, appointed by the president that governed nation wide.
Strengthened the Sherman Anti Trust Act.

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Q

ITS SO HARD TO REMAIN NEUTRAL BC? WW1

A

Loaning of Money: Us loaned a shit load more money to the allies than to central powers; The can be seen as American interests primarily in the Allies and created a political rift between the US and Germany in particular.
German U Boat Sinking: The Germans used u boats to attack the American trading ships. One famous incident killed over 100+ Americans. still the US remained neutral cause Germany pledged not to do it again
Zimmerman Telegram: Basically a secret diplomatic communication sent by Germany to Mexico that urged Mexico to invade the US to keep them occupied in exchange for German support in taking back land that was previously mexicos. It also announced that they would go back on their pledge. This was the last straw

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Q

why American joined WW1

A

Woodrow Wilson who originally won the 2nd term election bc of the famous slogan “ he kept us out of war” now had to get in it.
He said that we needed to fight Germany, in order to protect our democracy from a tyrant.
He used the Zimmerman telegram to gain public support the telegram revealed Germany’s hypocrisy and it felt like a direct threat to America.

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Q

During WW1

A

Because the US military was weak at the time, Wilson urged Congress to pass an act that would strengthen the military; National Defense Act:

Eventually, Americans with the allied troops would stop Germany’s reign in Paris

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Q

National Defense Act

A

The National Defense Act of 1916 was legislation aimed at expanding and modernizing the United States military in response to the growing tensions in Europe leading up to World War I. This act significantly increased the size of the Army and National Guard, established a reserve officer training program, and laid the groundwork for future military mobilization during the war, reflecting the United States’ shift towards a more active role in global conflicts.

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Q

New weapons:

A

WW1 was the first war that had modernized weapons; first industrial war.
trenches, fully-automatic machine guns, air planes, poison gas, and tanks made the war truly horrific,

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Q

Treaty of Versailles

A

the Treaty of Versailles was a peace agreement signed in 1919 that officially ended World War I and imposed heavy reparations and territorial losses on Germany. It aimed to establish a new order in Europe, address the causes of the war, and prevent future conflicts, but ultimately sowed the seeds for World War II due to its harsh terms and the instability it created.

This treaty made it clear that other nations wanted revenge and compensation against and from Germany.
- Germany taking the sole blame
- Paying billions of dollars for reparations
- Germany had to give up most of its army
- Lost territory.

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Q

Fourteen Points

A

Wilson travelled over to France for a peace conference after WW1. There he talked abt his 14 points; one of the main points was the creation of a league of nations.

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Q

Senate on the 14 and the treat WW1

A

Senate rejected everything bc it feared that it would drag the US in political disagreements or even more war.
Wilson denied the senates denial and took it to the ppl. Wilson eventually felt ill and none of his things ever came to fruition. a

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Q

After the war

A

anti German sentiment spread quickly in America; prior to ww1 there was high waves of migration.
Espionage Act
Sedition Act:

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Q

sedition act

A

imposing harsh penalties on anyone use “disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language” about the government, flag or armed forces uniforms.

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Q

Espionage Act

A

of 1917 which imposed sentences of up to 20 years for persons found guilty of aiding the enemy, obstructing recruitment of soldiers or encouraging disloyalty.

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Q

Propaganda after the war

A

THe US also cranked out propaganda through organizations such as CPI (committee of public information)
Propaganda was super influential. super direct in an anti-german and pro us sentiment
played a super important role as it increased support for the war. fueled resentment for Germany

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Q

Bolshevik Revolution -> Communist takeover in Russia

A

The Bolshevik Revolution, also known as the October Revolution, was a 1917 uprising in Russia that led to the overthrow of the provisional government and the establishment of a communist government led by the Bolshevik Party. This revolution marked a pivotal moment in world history, as it resulted in the rise of Soviet power and influenced political ideologies worldwide, particularly during and after World War I and throughout the 1920s.

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Economics during WW1

caused an increase in demand for production; needed things for the soldiers and stuff; - factories had to scout for more ppl; turned to new sources of labor since men have been drafted; African American women. in more urbanized zones, it was more progressive so + + - Urbanization increased during this time

Wilson Administration War Time Agencies

War Industries Board: set production priorities and established centralize control over raw materials and prices. Food Administration: encouraged American households to eat less meat and bread so that more food could be shipped abroad for the French and British troop. The conservation drive paid off, in two years, U.S. overseas shipment of food tripled. National War Labor Board: former president William Howard Taft helped arbitrate disputes between workers and employers as head of the National War Labor Board. Labor won concessions during the war that had earlier been denied. Wages rose, the eight-hour day became more common, and union membership increased

Red Scare

a term for anti communist hysteria that swept the us after ww1 and led to a series of government raids on alleged subversives and a suppression of civil liberty America began to fear communist, socialism, anarchists, and immigrants—and often failed to distinguish between those four categories - Began when an anarchist sent bombs through the mail to various government leaders - also nativism was a prevalent belief; which led to immigration laws

Palmer Raids

The Palmer Raids were a series of government actions conducted and aimed at arresting and deporting suspected anarchists and communists, in the United States. were a response to the rising fear of communism and anarchist violence following World War I, reflecting the broader social tensions of the time. Ignored the 14th amendment led by the newly created fbi

Roaring 20s

A period of significant cultural economic and social change in the US. 1920-1929 - booming economy - consumer culture - flourishing of arts and entertainment - new innovations

Assembly Line Distribution system Scientific Management

Production method that involved a continuous flow of work where the product moves from conveyor to conveyor. Made it easier to mass produce things, A system that s a network designed to deliver goods, services, or information from a central source to various end users. Created a standardized work goal

Credit

Ability to borrow money to buy things with the promise of paying it back later

Advertising

Radio. celebrity endorsements slogans

consumer goods (name some)

Model T Car radio Refrigerator vacuum cleaner

nEw forms of entertainment

movie theaters and amusement parks

Diffusion

Culture was diffusion throughout America. things like the blues, jazz and all sorts of good stuff. fashion trends stories

Emergency Quota Act & National Origins Act

Established limitation on immigration Even more restrictive and stuff.

Causes of the great depression

Bank Failures; banks ran out of money, causing everyone to freak out; ppl all over were trying to withdraw cash, banks couldn't handle it. #crashed lack of regulation and risky loans Overproduction: Companies were overproducing on stuff. inventory was filled, products were just sitting there. profits dropped. causing ppl to be unemployed cause companies laid off workers. Purchasing Reduction: consumers weren't purchasing at the levels companies were producing Stock Market Crash: The straw that broke it all. investors were now in deep debt and couldn't pay back the banks. confidence in the economy dropped

President Hoovers response

Individual Character: Believed that economic outcomes were tied to an individual's character. Ppls fate were in their own hands Voluntary Action: The business community could recover from the downturn through voluntary action - didn't believe in government aiding. - passed tariffs that did not help. Stuck to the Gold standard

Smoot Hawley Tariffs

A high tariff enacted in 1930 during the Great Depression. By taxing imported goods, Congress hoped to stimulate American manufacturing, but the tariff triggered retaliatory tariffs in other countries, which further hindered global trade and led to greater economic contraction.

Hoovervilles

Hoovervilles were makeshift shantytowns that emerged during the Great Depression, named derisively after President Herbert Hoover, who was blamed for the economic crisis

Bonus March

Hoover refused to give the WW1 veterans their bonuses A group of 15,000 to 20,000 unemployed World War veterans who set up camps near the Capitol building in 1932 to demand immediate payment of pension awards due to be paid in 1945. -Hoover used armies to evict the marchers and burned their encampments When ppl saw this, they condemned Hoovers actions, His popularity went down

Election of 1932 and what he did

Franklin Roosevelt Acted immediately with his first hundred days and new deal

New Deal

New Deal was a series of programs and policies implemented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt during the 1930s in response to the Great Depression. It aimed to provide relief for the unemployed, recovery of the economy, and reform of the financial system to prevent future depressions, fundamentally reshaping the role of government in American society.

Acts; policy; new deal

- addressed the banking crisis

Emergency Banking Relief Act

An act that aimed to stabilize the banking system; This act allowed the federal government to inspect the financial health of all banks and permitted only financially sound institutions to reopen. helped to restore public confidence in the banks and reversed the runs on the bank once they reopened.

21st amendment

an amendment at repealed the 18th one that prohibited alcohol consumption

Fireside chats

series of informal radio addresses that were used to restore their faith in banking. Addressed issues and so on

Agricultural Adjustment Act

Overproduction in agriculture and underproduction in manufacturing New Deal legislation passed in May 1933 that aimed at cutting agricultural production to raise crop prices and thus farmers’ income. Provided subsidies to farmers who would cut back on production These subsidies were not evenly distributed; it often went to large and medium sized farms. They often cut production by reducing the amount of land they rented to tenants and sharecroppers

Public Work Administration and Civil Work Administration

Public Work: Provided jobs by funding large scale infrastructure programs Civil Work: Stimulate the economy by creating new jobs and markets

Glass Steagall Act

A 1933 law that created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), which insured deposits up to $2,500 (and now up to $250,000). The act also prohibited banks from making risky, unsecured investments with customers’ deposits. Roosevelt also removed the Gold Standard in 1933 Its main goal was to separate commercial banking from investment banking

FIrst vs Second new deal

First: Immediate relief and economic recovery. short term. Second: Long term social reforms and direct relief to individuals; social justice issues

National Labor Relations Act (2)

Created the National labor board to preside over labor management relations and enable unions to engage in collective bargaining with federal support. - protected workers rights to join unions - allowed them to bargain; negotiate wages and stuff - outlawed union busting tactics -

Social Security Act

- created federal pension systems for old age individuals; retirement basically. - unemployment insurances; helped people who lost their jobs get back on their feet. - Aid programs: Widows, single parents, people with disabilities.

Germany and Italy Leaders Soviet union and japan

Hitler and Musatti (Fascist leaders) Stalin and Tojo all far right

Start of WW2

resentment from Germany bc of treaty of versailles. Japan invaded China Germany invaded Poland Hitler started conquering most of Europe

Neutrality Acts

Series of laws that aimed to prevent Americans involvement in foreign affairs Imposed an embargo on selling arms to warring countries and declared that Americans traveling on the ships of belligerent nations did so at their own risk.

Cash and Carry Program

which allowed the British to purchase war materials from the United States as long as they paid in cash and transported the materials themselves

Lend and LEase act

An act that allowed America to provide armed military items to foreign countries that America deemed vital to the defense of America

Axis of power

Germany, Italy, Japan

Pearl Harbor

The events at pearl harbor forced America to go to war against Japan which caused it to basically go to war against the axis of power Before, Americans were still isolationist. America wanted to avoid another major war such as WW1 The attack unified public opinion and shifting americans' attitude overnight

Mobilization of WW2

WW2 ended the great depression since production was once again turned toward making war material. Goods were made fast and efficient; liberty ships Goods had to be made for allies like Britain and Russia Government sold bonds; this time at an unprecedented level new rationing techniques War protection board. NO CARS ONLY TANKS rapid employment caused rapid economic growth.

Four Freedoms

The president proposed a speech about joining britain and justified it with the 4 freedoms shifted the war from a political to an ideological war. not against Germany but against Fascism and totalitarian leaders

D- DAy

THe day where the built of troops of both american and Britain would arrive, liberating Paris. the troops completely out numbered and surrounded German troops from the air the ground and the seas.

The Atomic Bombing

Three decisions Full scale invasion: but their would be casualties PEace treaty: Using the Manhattan project Dropped it on hiroshima to force japan to surrender. Second one dropped at Nagasaki Japan conceded