DBQ study for chapter 10

Question 1

The 2nd great awakening

Answer 1

a series of religious revivals among protestant Christians that emphasized righteous living, personal restraint, and a strong moral rectitude that would lead to a person and society to salvation.
Differed as the second great awakening went a step further in inspiring widespread social reform movements
- Salvation was in the hands of the people
- People had a duty in to improving society
- Uplifting the community & addressed social problems
- Emotion over reason
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Question 2

How did the 2nd great awakening spread

Answer 2

Methodist and baptists camp meetings

Question 3

caused?

Answer 3

Market Revolution:
- Economic success was dedicated to their individual self. If you worked hard you would do well
Democratic and individualistic beliefs
- wanted a more expansive participation in the democratic process
- helped the lower class
Romanticism over rationalism:
- emotional over rational

Question 4

Differences from first to second

Answer 4

First: Calvinists, believed that salvation was in the hands of God alone

Question 5

Reform movements causes

Answer 5

Formed from the market revolution
- embedded into American minds that economic improvements were in their hands

Question 6

religious reforms

Answer 6

a group or society focused on providing social, economical, political changes to better society. Typically aim to correct injustices

Question 7

Temperance movement

Answer 7

avoid alcohol
ppl were drinking a lot in early 19th century
induced by the second great awakening by the protestant church.
- Founded the temperance society
The sga helped because of individualism towards salvation. By drinking, this was seen as corrupt and would was sinful, taking away a persons chances.
Temperance movement that each was connected to the sga because each person would need to be individual or something
reducing alcohol would uplift families and communites thus aligning with the sga

Question 8

Abolitionism

Answer 8

2nd great awakening influenced people. Convinced that slavery was bad
American Anti Slavery Society
came to the conclusion that abolitionism was a sin

Question 9

Women rights

Answer 9

Spheres in society. Men’s work and womens work
Seneca Falls convention

Question 10

Trail of Tears

Answer 10

The forced relocation of indigenous people from their native land. This journey led to the suffering and death of many people, highlighting the cruel impact the US government policies had

Question 11

Feds

Answer 11

Alexander & John Adams
Loose interpretation of the constitution
Wanted National banks, protective tariffs,
Strong federal government
pro business economy

Question 12

Democratic Repub

Answer 12

Thomas Jeff and James Madison
Strict interpretation of the consitution\
Low Taxes & aid in yeoman
Liberty
Decentralized government
Agrarian economy

Question 13

Election of 1800

Answer 13

DR won bc fed lost their power because they made too many unpopular decisions Sedition & Alien acts Jay treaties
feds were dissolving
louisiana purchase
banned international slave tried
vetoed the continuation of the first bank of America (the charter)
- helped weaken the influence of the feds party

Question 14

Second party system

Answer 14

Democrats (DR) vs whig (Fed)

Question 15

Henry Clays system

Answer 15

Rechartering the bank
- Provide a stable currency and a source of credit
Protective tariffs
- Protect the industries
Federal funding for internal improvements
- Help facilitate trade and communication between states

Others thought this system was unconstitutional
National bank was a violation of state rights
internal improvements were costly and unnecessary

Question 16

Panic of 1819

Answer 16

The first major financial crisis characterized by economic downturn, bank failures and high unemployment

Caused by the 2nd bank
- Issued lots of loads which caused inflation
- Decline in agricultural practices
Cotton prices collapsed
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Question 17

Missouri Compromise

Answer 17

Missouri wanted statehood however it was restricted bc it wanted to be a slave state
It Missouri became a state the balance between slave and free states would be off so clay made a compromise
Missouri would be allowed in if Maine would be allowed in as well
Missouri (slave) Main (non slave)
Slaves would be stopped at the 30 degree line

Question 18

Indian Removal Act of 1830

Answer 18

A law enacted by Andrew Jackson that authorized the force relocation of natives.
This would open land up for the Americans
Despite court rulings Jackson still kicked them

Question 19

Market Revolution impacts

Answer 19

A period of economic expansion and growth in the United States during the early 19th century
A massive shift in the economy characterized by a change from subsistence farming and local economies to large scale industries due to the industrial revolution

Entrepreneurship
Growth of cities
Customer Culture
Influx of migration (Germany and ireland) -> led to competition over jobs. Caused Nativist (People who advocated for the interest of native born inhabitants over those of immigrants)

Rise of factory production led to new working class (Factory workers)
New forms of labor (Wage labor)
Trade Unions -> groups of workers who banded together to create a union in order to protect workers rights
New Middle Class: Merchants, Manufacturers, Professors,

Question 20

Developments from the I.R

Answer 20

Steam Powered Engines- Access to a reliable energy source
Railroads- Allowed for connectivity
Steam Boats

Question 21

Impacts from IR

Answer 21

Cotton Boom- Britain wanted more cotton
Textile demand- Britain was creating textiles

Question 22

Infrastructure

Answer 22

Roads, Canals etc
Erie Canal

Question 23

impacts of cotton

Answer 23

North needed cotton for their industries
South farmed cotton through slaves
Tension bc the north opposed slavery
Divided the two regions as the north became a industry based economy influenced by the market revolution while the south became a Agrarian society based on subsistence farming

Question 24

Market Economy

Answer 24

Goods and items being exchanged through buying and selling

Question 25

new forms of entertainment

Answer 25

Theater, Opera, and sports

Question 26

Womens’ movement

Answer 26

Shift from prioritizing their roles as mothers to their role as workers
Societal expectations placed on women: Care takers, stay at home, become mothers, stay in the private sphere
men: Public sphere

Question 27

Social Darwinism

Answer 27

Survival of the fittest, argues that social and economical inequalities are natural and justified, promoting the idea that certain races and classes are superior to others

Question 28

Lowell System

Answer 28

A factory system that developed in MA, employing large numbers of young women to work in textile Mills,

Question 29

Era of the Common Man (1820-1830)

Answer 29

Rise of political democracy,
Greater participation of citizens (Shift from wealthy elites to normal people)
Property Requirements were lifted in many states
Positions became more accessible to common people (electoral votes were by people rather than elites)
Movements helped people get into more active roles

Question 30

Jacksonians

Answer 30

Greater political participation & representation for ordinary citizens
Expand suffrage to white males
Challenged elite influence
opposed monopolies

highlighted a new style of campaigning, with rallies, slogans, and a populist appeal that focused on the concerns of everyday people rather than just the elite. Led to the creation of the Democratic party

Question 31

Election of 1824 Big ADAMS

Answer 31

Decided by the house of representatives bc Jackson didn’t gain the majority
Marked the era of the second party system
Adams won through clays efforts of Henry Clay who gathered allies of western representatives LED TO CORRUPT BARGAIN ALLEGATIONS FROM JACKSON since he got a high position from Adams (bribery)

Opposed spoil system of selecting people to positions based on supporters. Selected people of merit. Adam didn’t care much about political patronage

Led to Van Buren

Question 32

Democratic Party

Answer 32

A split from the democratic republican party caused by van Buren as he opposed most of his policies (his views aligned most with jacksonian) he controlled the Senate and house (there was a split)

Question 33

Election of 1828 (Jackson)

Answer 33

Jacksonian was ready to put adam in his tracks
His status as a war hero helped him
Won bc of the common man as more people started to vote the leaders had to also gain the support of the normal people
beginning of the second political party system
Vetoed a lot of bills that would give the federal government more power.

Question 34

Tariffs of abomination

Answer 34

Tariffs placed on imported goods to protect american industries from foreign competition
Passed by Quincy adams
Angered the South, their plantations were hurt. Paid for manufactured goods. North prices were expensive
Were agrarian based so they needed everyday items like texiles and tools
Europeans responded by imposing their own tariffs on cotton. Made it more difficult for them to sell cotton abroad.

States would start to nullify these stating that if it was unconstitutional they would have the power to.

Question 35

Fight over 2nd bank

Answer 35

THought the bank offered the wealthy more than the poor. It was served the elites over the popular people.
Removed money from national banks and placed it into state banks. However these state banks were not regulated which led to them printing a lot of money causing inflation. They gave loans whenever with zero oversight or regulation. Due to money inflation, Jackson tried to curb it by issuing the specie circular -> an order that required all payments of land to be purchased with gold and silver.

Question 36

Panic of 1837

Answer 36

An economic financial crisis that hit the United States caused by a combination of economic downturns.
Decline of the cotton industry -> led to decline in land value.
The state banks regulation of money was not trusted. People feared to invest or loan
HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT. Trade Collapse, Decline in values of

Question 37

Indian Removal Act 1830

Answer 37

Whites wanted more land due to the cotton boom Despite winning in the supreme court, van Buren used his executive power to relocate them.
Led them to go on the trail of tears: the forced relocation of the Native Americans from their ancestral lands to western lands, this trip resulted in heavy catastrophes such as deaths illnesses.

Question 38

Democrats vs Whigs

Answer 38

D: led by Andrew Jackson
- Limited role for the federal government
- Opposed national banks and the American system
- Strict interpretation of the cons
- supported states rights
- opposed infrastructure bc he thought that those only benefited the people who lived in those areas.
W: Henry Clay brought together through collective opposition to the Jackson party
- More active role in the federal government
- wanted economic development through modernization
- National bank & federal funding -> transportation
- Protectionists tariffs
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Question 39

Transcendentalism

Answer 39

A philosophical and literary movement that occurred which emphasized individual intuition, the inherent goodness of people, and a deep connection to nature.
Individualism and self sufficiency. Reject puritan beliefs

Question 40

Artisan Republicanism

Answer 40

An ideology of production based on individualism and equality.Eri

Question 41

Infrastructure

Answer 41

Canals, Ships, Allowed for trading, movement, facilitated