Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A apush > Chapter 1 & 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 & 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

1491?

A

The year that divides native American world and that came after European exploration, colonization and invasion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

First Nation Peoples

A

Indigenous people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How did Mesoamerica form

A

Mesoamerica formed from raising and domesticating crops mos specifically Maize, This resulted in population booms and laid the foundation for wealthy urban societies in the mesoamerican regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Mesoamerica Empires

A

Incas:
- Capital Cuzzo
- Had good architecture that allowed the empire to flow and function despite it being located on the Andes Mountains
- Cultivation of fertile mountain valley
Aztecs:
- Capital Tenochtitlan
- Ruled most of central Mexico
- Ruled by priests and nobles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Aztec

A
  • Capital Tenochtitlan
  • Controlled the fertile valleys in highland mexico ruled most of central mexico
  • Aztec merchants formed trading routes which
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Mississippian Culture

A
  • A large scale native american civilization that formed due to the spread of Maize.
  • They were able to cultivate Maize
  • Experienced greater urban density and complex social organization.
  • Cakhokia a city that flourished due to its geographic location being in the fertile bottomlands.
  • People built houses and villages around Maize fields.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What resulted from the cultivation of Maize

A

allowed for economic development, settlement, advanced irrigation and social diversification among indigenous societies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Geographical Locations:

A

Northwest/Pacific Coast: West coast California
The great plains: Central US
Easter Woodlands: East region of the US
Southeast: Florida Region
Southwest: Nevada and Arizona and new mexico

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Northwest/Pacific Coast: West coast California tribe

A
  • Home to 300k people
  • had a diversity of language and cultures
  • had social hierarchies
  • Dense population
  • had many distinct groups
  • hunted for fish
  • Chinooks
  • Setteled
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Stratified Societies

A

a society’s categorization of its people into rankings of socioeconomic tiers based on factors like wealth, income, race, education, and power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The great plains: Central us tribe

A
  • Nomadic
  • Hunters and gatherers
  • had horses
  • Ate rabbits, bison,
  • Small groups
  • Sioux
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Eastern Woodlands: East region of the US Tribes

A
  • Influenced by mississippian culture
  • Villages were built around fields of maize beans squash.
  • During summer months, they hunted for fish.
  • Women tended crops gathered plants, and oversaw community affairs
  • Iroquois
  • Semi Nomadic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Southwest: Nevada and Arizona and new mexico Tribes

A
  • Grew Maize
  • Developed advanced irrigation systems to manage the scarce water
  • Built homes on the edges of mesa verde which kept them cool in the summer thanks to the overhanging cliffs
  • Seasonal movement
  • Navajo
  • semi Nomadic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Caravel

A

Small fast ship used by Spanish or portuguese

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Columbus First Journey!

A

initiated the European exploration by finding the Bahamas located in the caribbean region. 1492
He started the age of exploration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Age of exploration

A

15th-17th century period when European nations sent explorers to find new land and spread Christianity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Amerigo Vespucci

A

Explored the coast of south America: America was named after Amerigo 1500
- Called it nuevo Mondo (New World

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

John Cabot

A

Found Chesapeake bay which laid the groundwork for later British to 1497

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Juan Ponce De Leon

A

Discovered Florida 1513

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hernan Cortez

A

Conquered the Aztect Empire
challenged the king
Cut off the cities resources
Outbreaks off small pox, measles and other Eurasian diseases weakened the empire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Francisco Pizarro

A

Conquered the Incas
Diseases weakened them so half of them were dead by the time he got there

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Colombian Exchange

A

A period of rapid trade between the new world and the old world. They exchanged animals, plants, diseases, technology, and ideas.
Notable:
Introduction of new crops Maize and potato: The introduction of Maize in Europe increased food production and stimulated population growth. These crops became a staple as they were well suited for European climate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Transatlantic Slave Trade

A

The Transatlantic Slave Trade specifically refers to the trading of African people primarily from West Africa who were shipped across the Atlantic Ocean to work on plantations in North America, South America, and Caribbean islands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Triangular trading

A

trading imports with exports to another country
Africa slaves to America. Americas raw material to europe such as gold. Europe manufactured goods to africa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Indentured Servants

A

Indentured servants were men and women who signed a contract (also known as an indenture or covenant) by which they agreed to work for a certain number of years in exchange for transportation to Virginia and once they arrived, food, clothing, and shelter
(took place in the colony of virginia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Chattel Slavery

A

A form of slavery where slaves were considered property of their owners.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Conquistadors

A

Explorers and conquerors from Spain who sought to obtain new land, gold, power, and spreading the word of God

28
Q

Encomienda System

A

A spanish system that where the king granted land to Spaniards. The Spaniards would then have the power to order tribute from native tribes and control the local tribes who would work for them in exchange for protection

29
Q

Asiento system

A

A permit given by Spain to individuals or companies allowing them to sell slaves to spanish colonies. This required a tax on each slave owned. The contractors (the people granted with the permit to sell slaves) had to pay a percentage of the fee of slave purcahses. Spanish Crown also deployed taxes on slaves.
Used this instead of the encomineda system because diseases wiped most of the indigenous people

30
Q

Caste System

A

A system that divides people into different ranks based on race or ethnicity
Europeans
Mesitzos: mixed euro and indi
Indig and African slaves

31
Q

Virginia Stock company

A

A joint stock company that was chartered by King James I with the purpose of establishing settlements in the east coast.
The first settlement they would establish would be a Jamestown, Virginia in 1607.
Tasked with creating settlements and to Christianize the regions.

32
Q

Powhatan Nation

A

The group of indigenous tribes that lived in the virginia regions.

33
Q

Jamestown vs Powhatan Nations

A

Tension between the settlers and Powhatan tribes
Jamestown wanted to acquire land. bc they saw it as valuable resources
The natives saw the land as a source of spiritual and cultural significance.
They also traded with each other. The English learned how to grow corn. The natives got fire arms

34
Q

How were European Enroachment met?

A

The native Americans tried to defend their interests by negotiating treaties and other agreements with the Europeans. These often times didn’t work bc the Europeans looked down on the natives.
The natives also resisted through military action
eventually they all lost though some temporarily won.

35
Q

Bartolome de Las Casas

A

An advocate for better treatment of the natives.
he spoke out for the natives and argued that they were entitled to the same rights as europeans

36
Q

New Law of 1542

A

Bartolome persuaded the Spanish king to put this law.
this ended indigenous slavery, and ended the encomineda system. however this wasnt always implemented

37
Q

British Colonization

A

Established along the Atlantic coast
Focused on developing tobacco through slaves
Plantations in the Caribbean

38
Q

Spanish Colonization

A

Were driven by gold, God, and glory
controlled florida and parts of Latin america

39
Q

French Colonization

A

Took Canada

40
Q

Joint Stock Company

A

A business organization where groups of people would come together to combine and own a share of a company.
this allowed for the funding of expeditions as they were able to invest without the fear of bankruptcy
Allowed for businesses to finance expansions, development, and large ventures through selling shares of stock to investors.
Reduced the risk involved in investing money into expeditions as they were only responsible for the amount of money they invested

41
Q

Charter of the Virginia Stock

A

Allowed them to collect taxes
govern colonies, appoint officials, establish court and law, regulate trade and commerce

42
Q

Powhatan Confederecy

A

made up of 30 tribes
led by powerful chief powhatan
they cultivated crops such as corn and most importantly TOBACCO

43
Q

House of Burgess

A

The first representative legislature in america
Determined how Virginia would be governed by having a meeting with all the members

44
Q

Massachusetts bay colonies

A

An English settlement
Founded by puritans seeking to establish a pure church
guided by John Winthrop

45
Q

Puritans vs Pilgrims

A

Pilgrims were separatists who rejected the church of England and wanted to separate from church of england THey sailed to massachusetts on the may flower in 1620. Plymouth colony
Puritans were non seperatists who wanted to purify the e England restore early christian societies. They thought the church was too similar to the Roman church.

46
Q

Plymouth Colony

A

Founded by Pilgrims

47
Q

New Amsterdam

A

Present day new York
Founded by dutch explorer Hendry Hudson in 1623

48
Q

Why was Chesapeake bay important

A

early British colonies like maryland and virginia
The bay’s extensive network of waterways made transport of goods and people easier
The land was fertile and had a favorable climate for tabacco a cash crop/ This led to indentured servants and later chatel slavery.
The bay rich in resources such as fish, oysters, and crabs.

49
Q

Plantation Colonies

A

Large scale agricultural areas that cultivated cash crops.
mostly in Latin america
Dependent on the labor of enslaved africans

50
Q

Act of tolerance

A

he Act of Toleration (1649) was passed in Maryland. It granted religious freedom to Christians living in Maryland but death penalty for anyone denying Jesus’ divinity.

51
Q

Importance of the Atlantic ocean

A

The ocean served as a highway that connected Europe Africa and the Americas. This was the route used for the Atlantic slave trade

52
Q

Mercantilism

A

The idea that colonies are seen as an economic extensions of the mother country, existing to serve the motherland’s interests. The fundamental idea was that the colonies should supply the mother country with raw materials and natural resources that were either scarce or unavailable in Europe. These resources would then be used to produce finished goods, which the colonies were expected to purchase, ensuring that wealth and economic benefits flowed back to the motherland.

53
Q

Navigation Laws

A

Laws that forbid colonial trade with other countries. This aimed to ensure that England got most of the benefits from the colonies

54
Q

Salutary Neglect

A

This was an unofficial British policy in the colonies that allowed them to violate the Navigation Laws and to have autonomy as long as they remained loyal to Britain and profitable.

55
Q

French and Indian War

A

French & Indians vs British
was a smaller context in a larger context of the 7 year war.
Caused by the encroachment of land from the british onto the ohio river. Teritorial disputes in the river regions between french and british

56
Q

Trade between natives and europeans

A

Natives would give Europeans beaver fur for knives and metal tools which allowed tribes to be heavily armed

57
Q

Major diseases introduced to the natives

A

Smallpox, influenza, typhus

58
Q

The first Thanksgiving celebration

A

The first Thanksgiving celebration was held to celebrate the treaty between the pilgrims and the Wampanoag Indians in the 1600

59
Q

Iroquois Confederacy

A

A five nation alliance between powerful native tribes in the northern east part of North America.
They had an organized government armed with European guns
They allied themselves with the British to fight the french

60
Q

Beaver Wars

A

A war between Huron and Iroquois over fur trade, beaver pelts, and hunting grounds
Beaver trades were a lucrative source of income for natives

61
Q

Bacon’s Rebellion

A
62
Q

Northern Colonies

A

These places had legalized slavery in the 17th to 18th century but due to their small farms the demand was still higher in the south

63
Q

Southern Colonies

A

Mostly all plantations
the large scale plantation farms required a massive amount of slaves
ALl the cash crops were labor intensive crops

64
Q

Maroon Groups

A

A community made of runaway slaves who escaped from plantations and formed independent settlements in swamps
Slaves would murder their owner, kill themselves or even run away.

65
Q

Barbados Codes

A

A law that was passed in Barbados that made sure blackslaves were chattel (property). This law protected white slave owners and allowed them to kill black slaves without consequence

66
Q

Salutary Neglect

A

A rule in the British colony that allowed them to ignore navigation Laws as long as they remained faithful to Britain and made profits.
However British was lax on enforcing rules onto the colonies which led them to a desire for self rule and independence

A apush (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions