Unit 7: Endocrine System - Pathology

Question 1

acromegaly

Answer 1

abnormal enlargement of the extremities

Question 2

adrenal virilism

Answer 2

excessive production of adrenal androgens causing development of male characteristics

Question 3

amenorrhea

Answer 3

lack of menstrual flow

Question 4

diabetes insipidus

Answer 4

a condition causing polyuria due to hyposecretion of or resistance to antidiuretic hormone

Question 5

diabetes mellitus

Answer 5

metabolic disease characterized by excessive urination and hyperglycemia

Question 6

diabetic ketoacidosis

Answer 6

acidity of the blood caused by the presence of ketone bodies produced when the body is unable to utilize sugar and thus, must burn fat for energy

Question 7

dysmetabolic syndrome

Answer 7

combination of medical disorders associated with faulty metabolism

Question 8

exophthalmos

Answer 8

protrusion of the eyes out of the eye socket

Question 9

galactorrhea

Answer 9

discharge of milk

Question 10

goiter

Answer 10

thyromegaly, enlargement of the thyroid gland, thyrocele

Question 11

Graves’ disease

Answer 11

thyrotoxicosis, autoimmune hyperparathyroidism characterized by exophthalmos

Question 12

gynecomastia

Answer 12

development of breast tissue in males

Question 13

Hashimoto thyroiditis

Answer 13

autoimmune condition that attacks the thyroid gland. It is the number one cause of hypothyroidism in the United States.

Question 14

hirsutism

Answer 14

excessive growth of facial and body hair in women

Question 15

insulinoma

Answer 15

tumor that secretes insulin (found in the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas)

Question 16

menarche

Answer 16

beginning of first menstruation

Question 17

myxedema

Answer 17

advanced hypothyroidism in adults causing edema (swelling) under the skin

Question 18

pancreatic pseudocyst

Answer 18

abnormally expanded area in the pancreas resembling a cyst

Question 19

pituitary dwarfism

Answer 19

abnormally short height caused by hyposecretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland

Question 20

pituitary gigantism

Answer 20

abnormally tall height caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland

Question 21

pituitary infarction or
pituitary apoplexy

Answer 21

death of pituitary gland tissue usually due to hemorrhaging and associated with a pituitary tumor

Question 22

polydipsia

Answer 22

excessive thirst

Question 23

polyphagia

Answer 23

excessive eating

Question 24

thelarche

Answer 24

the beginning of breast development