Unit 7: Chapter 22

Question 1

what did Lamarck propose

Answer 1

species evolve through use and disuse of traits

ex: giraffe and long neck

Question 2

what geographical area piqued Darwin’s interest in the geographic distribution of species

Answer 2

Galápagos Islands

Question 3

Darwin’s two main ideas

Answer 3

evolution explains life’s unity and diversity

natural selection is a cause of adaptive evolution

Question 4

darwin’s phrase for evolution

Answer 4

descent with modification

Question 5

Darwinian observation: for any species, population sizes would increase exponentially if…

Answer 5

all individuals that are born reproduced successfully

Question 6

Darwinian observation: populations tend to be _____ in size, except for seasonal fluctuations

Answer 6

stable, consistent

Question 7

Darwinian inference: what leads to a struggle for existence amongst individuals of a population?

Answer 7

the production of more individuals than the environment can support

Question 8

Darwinian observation: individuals whose inherited traits give them a higher probability of _____ and _____ are likely to leave more offspring than others

Answer 8

surviving and reproducing

Question 9

Darwinian inference: what leads to a gradual change in a population?

Answer 9

the unequal ability of individuals to survive and reproduce

Question 10

natural selection is differential success that occurs due to interactions between _____ and _____

Answer 10

individuals and their environment

Question 11

homology

Answer 11

a similarity between species resulted from common ancestry

homologous structures

Question 12

vestigial organs

Answer 12

remnants of structures that served a purpose for the organism’s ancestors but are now useless

Question 13

gradualism definition and scientists

Answer 13

change can take place through the cumulative effect of slow but continuous processes

Hutton and Lyell