Unit 4: Chapter 48

Question 1

sensory neurons

Answer 1

transmit info from sensor that detect stimuli and internal conditions

Question 2

inter neurons

Answer 2

integrates info after it is sent from sensory neurons to central nervous system

Question 3

motor neurons

Answer 3

control motor output that leaves CNS

Question 4

dendrites

Answer 4

receive signals from other neurons

Question 5

glia cells

Answer 5

essential for structural integrity of nervous system and for functioning of neurons

Question 6

Schwann cells

Answer 6

type of glia

make up myelin sheath

Question 7

resting potential charge

Answer 7

-70 mV

Question 8

what is the negative/positive state of a resting cell

Answer 8

inside is more negative than the outside

Question 9

state of sodium and potassium of resting cell

Answer 9

Na+ is higher in extracellular fluid

K+ is higher inside the cytosol

Question 10

hyperpolarization

Answer 10

increase in magnitude of membrane potential

resting potential

kicking Na+ back out

Question 11

depolarization

Answer 11

reduction in magnitude of membrane potential

action potential

Question 12

process of action potential

Answer 12

ion channels and gates allow Na+ into the cell

K+ goes out of the cell

Question 13

refractory period

Answer 13

time after action potential when a second action potential can’t happen

enough time to reset

Question 14

speed of action potential increases with the axon’s

Answer 14

diameter

Question 15

electrical synapse

Answer 15

current led directly from one cell to another via a gap junction

Question 16

chemical synapse

Answer 16

presynaptic neuron releases neurotransmitters stored in synaptic terminal

more common

Question 17

post synaptic neuron

Answer 17

receives signal from presynaptic neuron

Question 18

process of synaptic transmission

Answer 18

action potential goes down presynaptic, which opens ion gated channels

calcium floods into presynaptic cell, which causes vesicles (filled with neurotransmitters) to fuse with membrane

neurotransmitters released into synaptic cleft

bind with ligand-gated ion channels, which let certain things into post cell

restarts action potential

Question 19

three stages of information processing

Answer 19

sensory input

integration

motor output

Question 20

two types of post synaptic potentials

Answer 20

excitatory and inhibitory

Question 21

what are ways to make the excitatory postsynaptic potential more potent

Answer 21

temporal summation: multiple times

spacial summation: uses multiple presynaptic cells

Question 22

acetylcholine

Answer 22

can be inhibitory or excitatory

found commonly at synapse between motor neuron and skeletal muscle

Question 23

biogenic amines

Answer 23

epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin

sleep, mood, attention, learning

Question 24

amino acids and peptides

Answer 24

GABA, glycine, glutamate, aspartate, endorphins

Question 25

GABA

Answer 25

inhibitory synapses in the brain

Question 26

four lobes of cerebral cortex

Answer 26

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

Question 27

frontal lobe

Answer 27

speech, motor cortex

Question 28

parietal lobe

Answer 28

somatosensory cortex, taste, speech, reading, touch

Question 29

occipital lobe

Answer 29

vision

Question 30

temporal lobe

Answer 30

smell, hearing