Unit 4: Chapter 45

Question 1

neurosesecretory cell

Answer 1

specialized nerve cell that releases hormones in response to other nerve stimuli

responsible for taking an electrical signal and turning it into a chemical one

Question 2

tropic hormone

Answer 2

regulates the function of endocrine organs

Question 3

non-tropic hormone

Answer 3

work on an organ that isn’t endocrine in nature

Question 4

does a water or lipid soluble hormone need a signal transduction pathway

Answer 4

water soluble

Question 5

hypothalamus

Answer 5

hormones are released from the posterior pituitary and regulate the anterior pituitary

Question 6

oxytocin

Answer 6

posterior pituitary

stimulates contraction of uterus and mammary glad cells

Question 7

antidiuretic hormone

ADH

Answer 7

posterior pituitary

promotes retention of water by kidneys

Question 8

growth hormone

GH

Answer 8

anterior pituitary

stimulates growth and metabolic functions

Question 9

prolactin

PRL

Answer 9

anterior pituitary

stimulates milk production and secretion

Question 10

follicle-stimulating hormone

FSH

Answer 10

anterior pituitary

stimulates production of ova and sperm

Question 11

luteinizing hormone

LH

Answer 11

anterior pituitary

stimulates ovaries and tested

Question 12

thyroid-stimulating hormone

Answer 12

anterior pituitary

stimulates thyroid gland

Question 13

adrenocorticotropic hormone

ACTH

Answer 13

anterior pituitary

stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids

Question 14

triiodothyronine and thyroxine

T3 and T4

Answer 14

thyroid

stimulate and maintain metabolic processes

Question 15

calcitonin

Answer 15

thyroid

lowers blood calcium level

Question 16

Parathyroid hormone

Answer 16

parathyroid

raises blood calcium level

Question 17

Insulin

Answer 17

pancreas

lowers blood glucose level

Question 18

glucagon

Answer 18

pancreas

raises blood glucose level

Question 19

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Answer 19

adrenal medulla

raise blood glucose level
increase metabolic activities
constrict blood vessels

Question 20

glucocorticoids

Answer 20

adrenal cortex

raise blood glucose level

Question 21

mineralocorticoids

Answer 21

adrenal cortex

promote reabsorption of Na+ and extra region of K+ in kidneys

Question 22

androgens

Answer 22

testes

support sperm formation

promote development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics

Question 23

estrogen

Answer 23

ovaries

stimulate uterine lining growth

promote development and maintenance of female secondary sex characteristics

Question 24

progesterone

Answer 24

ovaries

promotes uterine lining growth

Question 25

melatonin

Answer 25

pineal gland involved in biological rhythms

Question 26

cytokines

Answer 26

local regulator immune responses

Question 27

growth factors

Answer 27

local regulator cell proliferation and differentiation

Question 28

nitric oxide

Answer 28

local regulator relaxes smooth muscle cells Viagra in nfl

Question 29

prostaglandin

Answer 29

local regulator uterine contractions increases sensation of pain E: muscle relaxation F: muscle contraction

Question 30

hormone

Answer 30

chemical signal secreted into the extracellular fluid

Question 31

calcium control process when you have too much calcium

Answer 31

hypothalamus sends signal to thyroid gland thyroid gland releases calcitonin calcitonin jells kidneys to send calcium out in in urine bones take up the calcium

Question 32

calcium process when you don't have enough calcium

Answer 32

hypothalamus sends signal to parathyroid parathyroid releases PTH parathyroid hormone tells bones to release calcium into blood stream tells kidneys to take up more calcium

Question 33

feedback regulation of T3 and T4 process

Answer 33

thyroid releasing hormone sent from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary sends message to thyroid gland by way of a thyroid stimulating hormone tells thyroid to make t3 and t4 will feed back into the system if there's too much (negative feedback)

Question 34

hyperthyroidism

Answer 34

excessive secretion of thyroid hormones too much t3 or t4 too high metabolism

Question 35

hypothyroidism

Answer 35

too little t3 or t4 too low metabolism

Question 36

goiter

Answer 36

deficiency of iodine leads to enlargement of thyroid negative feedback loop can't be shut off

Question 37

alpha cells

Answer 37

release glucagon into the blood

Question 38

beta cells

Answer 38

release insulin into the blood

Question 39

process when blood sugar is too high

Answer 39

hypothalamus activates pancreas beta cells release insulin insulin tells liver to store glucose as glucagon body cells take up more sugar

Question 40

process when blood sugar is too low

Answer 40

hypothalamus activates pancreas pancreas releases glucagon glucagon sent to liver breaks down glycogen and releases it into the blood

Question 41

type 1 diabetes

Answer 41

autoimmune disease that destroys the ability to produce insulin

Question 42

type 2 diabetes

Answer 42

deficiency of insulin or reduced responsiveness of target cells due to change in insulin receptors can be caused by poor diet

Question 43

short term stress

Answer 43

stress is registered by hypothalamus sends nerve impulse to adrenal medulla

Question 44

long term stress

Answer 44

stress releases ACTH from anterior pituitary stimulates adrenal cortex

Question 45

adrenal medulla

Answer 45

responsible for fight or flight response