Unit 5: Chapter 15

Question 1

what did Morgan’s experiments how

Answer 1

specific genes are on specific chromosomes

Question 2

wild type

Answer 2

the normal or most common phenotype

Question 3

mutant phenotype

Answer 3

the alternative to the wild type

the less common ones

Question 4

sex linked traits

Answer 4

the allele is located on the X chromosome

Question 5

linked genes

Answer 5

genes located on the same chromosome tend to be inherited together

Question 6

recombinant phenotype

Answer 6

the phenotype that the parents did not exhibit

the reason for this is crossing over of homologous chromosomes

Question 7

SRY gene

Answer 7

codes for testes on Y chromosome

Question 8

X inactivation

Answer 8

one of the two X chromosomes are inactivated in each cell during embryonic development in females

Question 9

nondisjunction

Answer 9

pair of homologous chromosomes do not separate normally

Question 10

deletion

Answer 10

removes chromosomal segment

Question 11

duplication

Answer 11

repeats chromosomal segment

Question 12

inversion

Answer 12

reverses a segment within a chromosome

Question 13

translocation

Answer 13

moves a segment from one chromosome to another

Question 14

polyploidy

Answer 14

multiple sets of chromosomes

Question 15

aneuploidy

Answer 15

one or more chromosomes are present in extra copies or are deficient in number

Question 16

genomic imprinting

Answer 16

involved the silencing of certain genes that are stamped with an imprint during gamete production

Question 17

extranuclear genes

Answer 17

genes found in organelles in the cytoplasm

Question 18

inheritance of traits from extranuclear genes

Answer 18

depends on maternal parent bc the zygote’s cytoplasm comes from the egg

genes in mitochondria are passed down from mother to child

Question 19

chromosome theory of inheritance

Answer 19

Mendelian genes have specific loci on chromosomes, which undergo segregation and independent assortment