unit 7

Question 1

why do cells want to be small

Answer 1

big surface area to volume ratio so they can move faster

Question 2

cell division

Answer 2

when cell divides in 2 daughter cells

Question 3

cell cycle

Answer 3

cycle of cell growth and cell division

Question 4

interphase

Answer 4

period of growth

Question 5

mitosis

Answer 5

period of cell division

Question 6

parts&order of interphase

Answer 6

-g1 phase: cell grows/proteins made
-s phase:cell copies chromosomes/dna made
-g2 phase:cell preps to divide

Question 7

what do proteins found inside and outside the cell do

Answer 7

direct cells to speed up/slow down cell cycle

Question 8

growth factors

Answer 8

special proteins that speed up/slow down cell growth/ division

Question 9

cancer

Answer 9

uncontrolled cell division, mitosis out of control, caused by defects in the proteins

Question 10

carcinogen

Answer 10

any environmental agent that causes canccer

Question 11

genetic factors

Answer 11

can inherit genes from parents that increase chances of cancer

Question 12

cancer forms

Answer 12

tumors that block nutrients from reaching healthy cells

Question 13

metastasis

Answer 13

process where cancer enters the blood and spreads across the body

Question 14

benign

Answer 14

not cancerous and doesnt spread

Question 15

malignant

Answer 15

cancerous, harmful tumor

Question 16

checkpoints checks

Answer 16

-does the cell need to divide
-is cell large enough
-have enough resources
-damaged?
-dna replicated right

Question 17

g0 phase

Answer 17

phase of cell cycle where cell carries out normal tasks, not prepping to divide

Question 18

apoptosis

Answer 18

programed cell death, happens when a cell doesn’t pass a checkpoint

Question 19

how many circular chromosomes do prokaryotes have

Answer 19

1

Question 20

prokaryote division

Answer 20

binary fission

Question 21

binary fission

Answer 21

cell duplicates dna and new identical cells are formed

Question 22

where does binary fission occur

Answer 22

bacteria

Question 23

what are the structures dna is wrapped up in called

Answer 23

chromatin

Question 24

chromatin

Answer 24

long strands of dna wrapped around proteins called histones, found in nucleus, chromatin wraps up into chromosomes

Question 25

chromosomes

Answer 25

packages of dna, in nucleus, carry genetic info

Question 26

somatic cells

Answer 26

body cells, have 46 chromosomes/23 pairs

Question 27

gametes

Answer 27

sex cells (sperm/egg), 23 chromosomes, no pairs

Question 28

sister chromatids

Answer 28

2 halves of a chromosome, each half is an exact copy of the other

Question 29

centromere

Answer 29

structure that holds 2 sister chromatids together

Question 30

mitosis

Answer 30

cell division, PMAT

Question 31

prophase

Answer 31

chromatin coils into chromosomes, nuclear membrane starts to disappear, centrioles go to opposite side of the cell, spindle fibers start to form

Question 32

centriole

Answer 32

small circular things attached to spindle fibers

Question 33

spindle fibers

Answer 33

thread like things attached to chromosomes

Question 34

metaphase

Answer 34

spindle fibers attach to centromeres, chromosomes line up I the middle of the cell

Question 35

anaphase

Answer 35

sister chromatids go to the opposite sides of the cell

Question 36

telophase

Answer 36

nuclear membrane reforms, chromosomes unwind, 2 new identical cells start to form

Question 37

cytokinesis

Answer 37

not technically part of mitosis, but must occur afterward to fully separate cells ( divides, occurs after telophase)

Question 38

cytokinesis in animal cells

Answer 38

animal cells only have one flexible cell membrane which is pulled in toward the center of the cell till it splits. That crease is called a cleavage furrow

Question 39

cytokinesis in plant cells

Answer 39

plant cells have a cell membrane and a cell wall/ call wall can't be pulled in, so a new one is created. plant cells builds a new cell plate between 2 nuclei